Henkilökuljetusten ja joukkoliikenteen järjestämistapasuunnitelma 2015 : Evijärvi - Kauhava - Lappajärvi - Lapua

Henkilökuljetusten ja joukkoliikenteen järjestämistapasuunnitelman tavoitteena oli antaa kunnille, Kuntayhtymä Kaksineuvoiselle ja ELY-keskukselle työkalu, jonka avulla voidaan jatkossa varmistaa henkilökuljetusten järjestämisen yhteistyöprosessointi mahdollisimman tarkoituksenmukaisella tavalla ja sitä kautta tarjonnan säilyminen riittävän laadukkaana ja tehokkaana tulevaisuudessa. Työn aikana selvitettiin kattavasti suunnittelualueen kuntien joukkoliikenteen ja henkilökuljetusten nykytila. Erityishuomiota kiinnitettiin kuntayhtymä Kaksineuvoisen palveluliikenteeseen ja sen kehittämismahdollisuuksiin. Lisäksi työn aikana käytiin laajaa keskustelua siitä, mitä liikennettä ja millaisin sopimuskausin hankintaan ja millaiset valmiudet kunnilla on yhteishankintoihin ja yhteistyön kehittämiseen. Työn kehittämistoimenpiteinä alueen joukkoliikennevuorot luokiteltiin kannattavuuden perusteella neljään eri luokkaan. Luokittelu toimi työkaluna vuorojen merkittävyyden tunnistamisessa ja hankintojen suunnittelussa. Kuntien ja ELY-keskuksen liikenteiden hankinnalle määriteltiin etenemispolku vuosille 2015–2018. Kaksineuvoisen palveluliikenteelle laadittiin kaksi vaihtoehtoista kehittämismallia jatkosuunnittelun pohjaksi. Lisäksi työssä esitettiin vaihtoehtoja seudullisen organisoinnin kehittämiseksi.

L-histidine reduces inhibitory avoidance in Carassius auratus submitted to cerebellar ablation

The effect of post-training treatment with L-histidine (LH) on the memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance was investigated in Carassius auratus submitted to cerebellar ablation. The inhibitory avoidance procedure included 3 days: one habituation day, one training day (5 trials, T1-T5) and one test day. On the training day, each fish was placed individually in a white compartment separated from a black compartment by a sliding door. When the fish crossed into the black compartment, a weight was dropped in front of it (aversive stimulus) and the time to cross was recorded. Saline or LH (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 10 min after the trials. Data were log10 transformed and analyzed by ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05). In T5, all groups [ablation/LH (N = 15; 189.60 ± 32.52), ablation/saline (N = 14; 204.29 ± 28.95), sham/LH (N = 14; 232.36 ± 28.15), and sham/saline (N = 15; 249.07 ± 25.82)] had similar latencies that were significantly higher than T1 latencies [ablation/LH (89.33 ± 20.41), ablation/saline (97.00 ± 25.16), sham/LH (73.86 ± 18.42), and sham/saline (56.71 ± 17.59)], suggesting acquisition of inhibitory avoidance. For the test, there was a significant reduction in latencies of ablation/LH (61.53 ± 17.70) and sham/saline (52.79 ± 25.37) groups compared to the ablation/saline (213.64 ± 29.57) and sham/LH (199.43 ± 24.48) groups, showing that cerebellum ablation facilitated retention of inhibitory avoidance and LH reversed the effect of ablation. The results support other evidence that LH impairs memory consolidation and/or reduces the interpretation of aversion value.

Construction of a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing truncated human prostate-specific membrane antigen and mouse 4-1BBL genes and its effect on dendritic cells

Our aim was to construct a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing truncated human prostate-specific membrane antigen (tPSMA) and mouse 4-1BBL genes and to determine its effect on dendritic cells (DCs) generated from bone marrow suspensions harvested from C57BL/6 mice for which the effect of 4-1BBL on DCs is not clear, especially during DCs processing tumor-associated antigen. Replication deficient adenovirus AdMaxTM Expression System was used to construct recombinant adenovirus Ad-tPSMA-internal ribosome entry site-mouse 4-1BBL (Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL) and Ad-enhanced green fluorescent protein. Day 7 proliferating DC aggregates generated from C57BL/6 mice were collected as immature DCs and further mature DCs were obtained by lipopolysaccharide activated immature DCs. After DCs were exposed to the recombinant adenovirus with 250 multiplicity of infection, the expression of tPSMA and m4-1BBL proteins were detected by Western blot, and the apoptosis and phenotype of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) in the supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Proliferation of T cells was detected by allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. The tPSMA and m4-1BBL proteins were expressed correctly. The apoptosis rate of DCs transfected with Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL was 14.6%, lower than that of control DCs. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules [CD80 (81.6 ± 5.4%) and CD86 (80.13 ± 2.81%)] up-regulated in Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL-pulsed DCs, and the level of IL-6 (3960.2 ± 50.54 pg/mL) and IL-12 (249.57 ± 12.51 pg/mL) production in Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL-transduced DCs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in control DCs. Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL induced higher T-cell proliferation (OD450 = 0.614 ± 0.018), indicating that this recombinant adenovirus can effectively enhance the activity of DCs.