The work of Spanish men. A quantitative analysis based on census data, 1900-1970

This paper presents a historical examination of employment in old age in Spain, in order to characterize this labour segment and identify and analyse its specific problems. One of these problems is the life-cycle deskilling process, already shown for certain national cases. This study explores whether this hypothesis also holds in Spain. The perspective used is essentially quantitative, as our analysis is based on the age-profession tables in Spanish population censuses from 1900 to 1970.

The determinants of social spending in Spain (1880-1960): Is Lindert right?

[spa] El principal objetivo de este artículo se centra en analizar los orígenes del Estado de Bienestar en España a partir del marco teórico elaborado por Peter Lindert. Con este fin, se ofrece un análisis econométrico de los factores que determinaron la evolución del gasto social público en este país entre 1880 y 1960. Utilizando nueva evidencia cuantitativa, se construyó un panel de datos por quinquenios con el porcentaje de gasto social respecto al PIB desagregado en tres partidas: sanidad, seguridad social y beneficencia. El análisis permite insertar el caso español en el debate internacional y los resultados revelan interesantes singularidades de este país.

Trends in mortality from coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease in Switzerland, 1969-87.

Trends in age-specific and age-standardized death certification rates from all ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Switzerland have been analysed for the period 1969-87, i.e. since the introduction of the Eighth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases for coding causes of death. For coronary heart disease, overall age-standardized rates of males in the mid-late 1980's were similar to those in the late 1960's, although some upward trend was evident up to the mid 1970's (with a peak rate of 120.4/100,000, World standard, in 1978) followed by steady declines in more recent years (103.8/100,000 in 1987). These falls were larger in truncated (35 to 64 years) rates. For females, overall age-standardized rates were stable around a value of 40/100,000, while truncated rates tended to decrease, particularly over most recent years, with an overall decline of over 25%. Examination of age-specific trends showed that in both sexes declines at younger ages were already evident in the earlier calendar period, while above age 50 some fall became evident only in most recent years. Thus, in a formal log-linear age/period/cohort model, both a period and a cohort component emerged. In relation to cerebrovascular diseases, the overall declines were around 40% in males (from 67.4 to 41.2/100,000, World standard) and 45% for females (from 56.6 to 31.7/100,000), and were proportionally comparable across subsequent age groups above age 45. The estimates for the age/period/cohort model were thus downwards both for the period and the cohort component although, in such a situation, it is difficult to disentangle the major underlying component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A donde vamos ahora? : (where are we going now) : a report on the problems of the Spanish surnamed and migrant population in Iowa,1970.

This is an overview of the United States Commission on Civil Rights and the duties of the Iowa State Advisory Committee. It contains a report concerning problems of the Spanish surnamed and migrant population in Iowa.

Industrial-economic survey of Clinton, Iowa, and the surrounding area,1960.

This is an "Industrial-Economic Survey" of Clinton, Iowa and the surrounding area that was compiled and assembled for the use of any manufacturing of commercial organization which has in interest in setting up operations in the general Clinton area. Facts and statistics are shown to use for location analysis. Numerous photos and maps are included.

Historical Summary of Travel, Crashes, Fatalities, and Rates 1970 – 2009, July 6, 2010

Historical Summary of Travel, Crashes, Fatalities, and Rates 1970 – 2009, produced by Iowa Department of Transportation.

Highway Relocation: U.S. 30/Lincoln Highway film production, 1960

The film depicts period traffic congestion, sharp and winding sections of road, steep hills making trucks slow to a crawl, and dangerous vehicle and pedestrian crossings, all important reasons why highway design and safety improvements, and highway relocation were needed. In fact, when the film was produced, U.S. 30 or the Lincoln Highway was the busiest primary road in Iowa; and the section between State Center and Boone was deemed “critical,” meaning it was considered dangerous by the ISHC’s Efficiency Standards.

Iowa, a place to grow,1970.

This is a guide for tourists visiting Iowa with colored photographs and brief descriptions.

Acteurs sociaux et politique économique : la Colombie entre 1970 et 2000

Commençant par la compréhension du processus de prise de décisions en politique économique, puis par l'étude de la participation des Acteurs Sociaux (AS), pour aboutir à l'éclaircissement de leur rôle en politique économique. Le choix des AS correspond aux facteurs productifs :¦? Travail : Syndicat, Confédérations¦? Capital : Patronat, Groupes économiques¦? Ressources naturelles - inclus l'Economie clandestine¦? Esprit d'entreprise dans tous les AS¦Méthode : analyse institutionnelle, AS comme protagonistes. Contexte latino-américain et mondial (chapitre I), relation avec les Politiques (chapitre II), identification des positionnements face aux Politiques économiques (chapitre III). Etude sur deux périodes :¦1) Front National (FN) (1958-1986). Pacte de partis traditionnels pour l'obtention (non accomplie) de la paix et du développement. Objectif acquis via des politiques adéquates mais sans amélioration du domaine social (politique de revenu absente).¦En conséquence, développement des Cartels surpassant l'Intégration Andine. Echec des tentatives d'Ouverture précoce grâce aux Centrales syndicales (1977) aux Organisations patronales (1981), confirmant le bipartisme; crise de la dette sans cessations de paiements, ni décennie perdue (Colombie) ; développement des AS profitant d'absence de partis d'opposition.¦2) L'Ouverture (1989-2000) : Nouvelle Constitution avec amplifications de l'Etat, réformes financière, des échanges, sans sélectivité ni gradualité demandées par les AS. Emergence du blanchiment.¦Montée en puissance des Groupes économiques au détriment des Organisations patronales, (excepté les industriels), perte du lobbying syndical. Malgré des résultats positifs macro-économiques, les taux de chômage, secteur informel, et pauvreté, situent¦le pays au 2eme rang en concentration du revenu en Amérique latine et au 5eme rang mondial.¦Conclusion : les AS se sont mis en avant dans l'inflation (30% à 8%) et la dévaluation. Par contre, les taux d'intérêt et de change ont provoqué le crédit clandestin et la réévaluation avec ouverture aux importations ; pas de succès non plus sur le déficit fiscal ni la gestion des booms (café, drogues). La plupart des Politiques ont donc été décidées d'après la Banque centrale et le Ministère des finances confirmant la primauté du gouvernement sur les AS durant la période analysée.