Individual and group level trajectories of behavioural development in Border collies.

In order to assess dogs’ personality changes during ontogeny, a cohort of 69 Border collies was followed up from six to 18–24 months. When the dogs were 6, 12, and 18–24 months old, their owners repeatedly filled in a dog personality questionnaire (DPQ), which yielded five personality factors divided into fifteen facets. All five DPQ factors were highly correlated between the three age classes, indicating that the dogs’ personality remained consistent relative to other individuals. Nonetheless, at the group level significant changes with age were found for four of the five DPQ factors. Fearfulness, Aggression towards People, Responsiveness to Training and Aggression towards Animals increased with age; only Activity/Excitability did not change significantly over time. These changes in DPQ factor scores occurred mainly between the ages of 6 and 12 months, although some facets changed beyond this age. No sex differences were found for any of the tested factors or facets, suggesting that individual variation in personality was greater than male/female differences. There were significant litter effects for the factors Fearfulness, Aggression towards People and Activity/Excitability, indicating either a strong genetic basis for these traits or a high influence of the shared early environment. To conclude, from the age of six months, consistency in personality relative to other individuals can be observed in Border collies. However, at the group level, increases in fearful and aggressive behaviours occur up to 12 months and for some traits up to two years, highlighting the need for early interventions. Follow-up studies are needed to assess trajectories of personality development prior to six months and after two years, and to include a wider variety of breeds.

Second Central American Integration Fund loan : proposal and recommendations for the review of the Development Loan Committee /

"AID-DLC/P-560 revised."

An an[n]otated bibliography of rural development, urbanization, and levels of living in Peru /

"December 1979."

An annotated bibliography of rural development and levels of living in Guatemala /

"August 1979."

Peru, agricultural cooperative federations development : project paper : proposal and recommendations for the review of the Development Loan Committee /

"Unclassified."

Division of Isotopes Development and contractor publications /

"November 1964."

Discourse-sensitive measurement of language development in bilingual children /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ecuador, small enterprise loan : proposal and recommendations for the review of the Development Loan Committee /

"Unclassified."

Teaching and testing for academic achievement : the role of language development /

"Spring 1991"--Cover.

Municipal solid waste, resource recovery : proceedings of the seventh annual research symposium at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 16-18, 1981, by the U.S. EPA Office of Research & Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division /

Mode of access: Internet.

Four years along Connecticut highways. The story of the operation of the Bureau of roadside development of the Connecticut highway department. Commissioner, John A. Macdonald. Director of roadside development, Luthr M. Keith. ...

Mode of access: Internet.

The true principle of education : the law of nature, the law of mental development : a new view of the end of juvenile culture, especially as regards the female mind /

Mode of access: Internet.

Edge city and ISTEA - examining the transportation implications of suburban development patterns. Summary of proceedings: seminar on edge city and ISTEA - so what?.

Mode of access: Internet.

Performance appraisal of collection development librarians /

"February 1992."