Automotive manufacturer risk analysis: meeting the automotive fuel economy standard. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Method of analysis and quality-assurance practices for determination of pesticides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at the U.S. Geological Survey California District Organic Chemistry Laboratory, 1996-99 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Gas and fuel analysis for engineers. A compend for those interested in the economical application of fuel. Prepared especially for the use of students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

"References" at end of some of the chapters.

Standard oil and gas forms; a comprehensive list of the forms now in common use by the oil and gas industry.

Mode of access: Internet.

A laboratory manual of gas, oil and fuel analysis,

Pages of coordinate paper ([124] and [135])

Development and Application of Improvements to the Tile-based Fisher Ratio Method and Fundamental Instrument Considerations for Non-targeted Analysis using Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Development of Cookstove Emissions and Performance Testing Suite with Time-resolved Particulate Matter Analysis and Excess Air Estimation

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Analysis of service stress corrosion cracking in a natural gas transmission pipeline, active or dormant?

Stress corrosion cracks (SCC) had been found in a natural gas transmission pipeline during a dig-up and inspection program. The question was raised as to whether the SCC was active or dormant. This paper describes the resultant investigation to determine if a particular service crack was actively growing. The strategy adopted was to assess the appearance of the fracture surface of the service crack and to compare with expectations from laboratory specimens with active SCC. The conclusions from this study are as follows. To judge whether a crack in the service pipe is active or dormant, it is reasonable to compare the very crack tip of the service crack and a fresh crack in a laboratory sample. If the crack tip of the active laboratory sample is similar to that of the service pipe, it means the crack in the service pipe is likely to be active. From the comparison of the crack tip between the service pipe and the laboratory samples, it appears likely that the cracks in the samples extracted from service were most likely to have been active intergranular stress corrosion cracks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optimisation of poly-b-hydroxyalkanoate analysis using gas chromatography for enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems

Poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a polymer commonly used in carbon and energy storage for many different bacterial cells. Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), store PHA anaerobically through metabolism of carbon substrates such as acetate and propionate. Although poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)and poly-beta-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) are commonly quantified using a previously developed gas chromatography (GC) method, poly-beta-hydroxy-2-methyl valerate (PH2MV) is seldom quantified despite the fact that it has been shown to be a key PHA fraction produced when PAOs or GAOs metabolise propionate. This paper presents two GC-based methods modified for extraction and quantification of PHB, PHV and PH2MV from enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. For the extraction Of PHB and PHV from acetate fed PAO and GAO cultures, a 3% sulfuric acid concentration and a 2-20 h digestion time is recommended, while a 10% sulfuric acid solution digested for 20 h is recommended for PHV and PH2MV analysis from propionate fed EBPR systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Numerical analysis of gas and micro-particle interactions in a hand-held shock-tube device

A unique hand-held gene gun is employed for ballistically delivering biomolecules to key cells in the skin and mucosa in the treatment of the major diseases. One of these types of devices, called the Contoured Shock Tube (CST), delivers powdered micro-particles to the skin with a narrow and highly controllable velocity distribution and a nominally uniform spatial distribution. In this paper, we apply a numerical approach to gain new insights in to the behavior of the CST prototype device. The drag correlations proposed by Henderson (1976), Igra and Takayama (1993) and Kurian and Das (1997) were applied to predict the micro-particle transport in a numerically simulated gas flow. Simulated pressure histories agree well with the corresponding static and Pitot pressure measurements, validating the CFD approach. The calculated velocity distributions show a good agreement, with the best prediction from Igra & Takayama correlation (maximum discrepancy of 5%). Key features of the gas dynamics and gas-particle interaction are discussed. Statistic analyses show a tight free-jet particle velocity distribution is achieved (570 +/- 14.7 m/s) for polystyrene particles (39 +/- 1 mu m), representative of a drug payload.

Multiphase modelling of the characteristics of close coupled gas atomization

Not withstanding the high demand of metal powder for automotive and High Tech applications, there are still many unclear aspects of the production process. Only recentlyhas supercomputer performance made possible numerical investigation of such phenomena. This thesis focuses on the modelling aspects of primary and secondary atomization. Initially two-dimensional analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of flow parameters (reservoir pressure and gas temperature principally) and nozzle geometry on final powder yielding. Among the different types, close coupled atomizers have the best performance in terms of cost and narrow size distribution. An isentropic contoured nozzle is introduced to minimize the gas flow losses through shock cells: the results demonstrate that it outperformed the standard converging-diverging slit nozzle. Furthermore the utilization of hot gas gave a promising outcome: the powder size distribution is narrowed and the gas consumption reduced. In the second part of the thesis, the interaction of liquid metal and high speed gas near the feeding tube exit was studied. Both axisymmetric andnon-axisymmetric geometries were simulated using a 3D approach. The filming mechanism was detected only for very small metal flow rates (typically obtained in laboratory scale atomizers). When the melt flow increased, the liquid core overtook the adverse gas flow and entered in the high speed wake directly: in this case the disruption isdriven by sinusoidal surface waves. The process is characterized by fluctuating values of liquid volumes entering the domain that are monitored only as a time average rate: it is far from industrial robustness and capability concept. The non-axisymmetric geometry promoted the splitting of the initial stream into four cores, smaller in diameter and easier to atomize. Finally a new atomization design based on the lesson learned from previous cases simulation is presented.