Environmental mycology in public health: fungi and mycotoxins risk assessment and management

Fungi are essential to the survival of our global ecology, but they might pose a significant threat to the health of occupants when they grow in our buildings. The exposure to fungi in homes is a significant risk factor for a number of respiratory symptoms. Well-known illnesses caused by fungi include allergy and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Environmental monitoring for fungi and their disease agents are important aspects of exposure assessment, but few guidelines exist for interpreting their health impacts. This book answers the questions: How does one detect and measure the presence of indoor fungi? What is an acceptable level of indoor fungi? How do we relate this information to human health problems?

Tecnologia NeredaTM aplicada à ETAR de Frielas

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente – Perfil Sanitária

A autoavaliação: um pilar para o sucesso dos alunos

Mestrado em Ensino Precoce do Inglês

Inglês: atividade de enriquecimento ou disciplina curricular?

Mestrado em Ensino Precoce do Inglês

Determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding abandonment: psychosocial factors

OBJECTIVE To assess the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. METHODS Longitudinal study based on a birth cohort in Viçosa, MG, Southeastern Brazil. In 2011/2012, 168 new mothers accessing the public health network were followed. Three interviews, at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum, with the new mothers were conducted. Exclusive breastfeeding abandonment was analyzed in the first, second, and fourth months after childbirth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was applied to identify depressive symptoms in the first and second meetings, with a score of ≥ 12 considered as the cutoff point. Socioeconomic, demographic, and obstetric variables were investigated, along with emotional conditions and the new mothers’ social network during pregnancy and the postpartum period. RESULTS The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum was 53.6% (n = 90), 47.6% (n = 80), and 69.6% (n = 117), respectively, and its incidence in the fourth month compared with the first was 48.7%. Depressive symptoms and traumatic delivery were associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment in the second month after childbirth. In the fourth month, the following variables were significant: lower maternal education levels, lack of homeownership, returning to work, not receiving guidance on breastfeeding in the postpartum period, mother’s negative reaction to the news of pregnancy, and not receiving assistance from their partners for infant care. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial and sociodemographic factors were strong predictors of early exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and provide early treatment to nursing mothers with depressive symptoms, decreasing the associated morbidity and promoting greater duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Support from health professionals, as well as that received at home and at work, can assist in this process.

Metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers

OBJECTIVE To analyze if metabolic syndrome and its altered components are associated with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors in fixed-shift workers.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 902 shift workers of both sexes in a poultry processing plant in Southern Brazil in 2010. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was determined according to the recommendations from Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome. Its frequency was evaluated according to the demographic (sex, skin color, age and marital status), socioeconomic (educational level, income and work shift), and behavioral characteristics (smoking, alcohol intake, leisure time physical activity, number of meals and sleep duration) of the sample. The multivariate analysis followed a theoretical framework for identifying metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers.RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the sample was 9.3% (95%CI 7.4;11.2). The most frequently altered component was waist circumference (PR 48.4%; 95%CI 45.5;51.2), followed by high-density lipoprotein. Work shift was not associated with metabolic syndrome and its altered components. After adjustment, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was positively associated with women (PR 2.16; 95%CI 1.28;3.64), workers aged over 40 years (PR 3.90; 95%CI 1.78;8.93) and those who reported sleeping five hours or less per day (PR 1.70; 95%CI 1.09;2.24). On the other hand, metabolic syndrome was inversely associated with educational level and having more than three meals per day (PR 0.43; 95%CI 0.26;0.73).CONCLUSIONS Being female, older and deprived of sleep are probable risk factors for metabolic syndrome, whereas higher educational level and higher number of meals per day are protective factors for metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers.

Effects of oxidante acid treatments on carbon-templated hierarchical SAPO-11 materials: synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation in n-decane hydroiosomerization

Hierarchical SAPO-11 was synthesized using a commercial Merck carbon as template. Oxidant acid treatments were performed on the carbon matrix in order to investigate its influence on the properties of SAPO-11. Structural, textural and acidic properties of the different materials were evaluated by XRD, SEM, N-2 adsorption, pyridine adsorption followed by IR spectroscopy and thermal analyses. The catalytic behavior of the materials (with 0.5 wt.% Pt, introduced by mechanic mixture with Pt/Al2O3), were studied in the hydroisomerization of n-decane. The hierarchical samples showed higher yields in monobranched isomers than typical microporous SAPO-11, as a direct consequence of the modification on both porosity and acidity, the later one being the most predominant. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Users’ dissatisfaction with dental care: a population-based household study

OBJECTIVE To examine whether demographic, socioeconomic conditions, oral health subjectivity and characterization of dental care are associated with users’ dissatisfaction with such are.METHODS Cross-sectional study of 781 people who required dental care in Montes Claros, MG, Southeastern Brazil, in 2012, a city with of medium-sized population situated in the North of Minas Gerais. Household interviews were conducted to assess the users’ dissatisfaction with dental care (dependent variable), demographic, socioeconomic conditions, oral health subjectivity and characterization of dental care (independent variables). Sample calculation was used for the finite population, with estimates made for proportions of dissatisfaction in 50.0% of the population, a 5.0% error margin, a non-response rate of 5.0% and a 2.0% design effect. Logistic regression was used, and the odds ratio was calculated with a 5% significance level and 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS Of the interviewed individuals, 9.0% (7.9%, with correction for design effect) were dissatisfied with the care provided. These were associated with lower educational level; negative self-assessment of oral health; perception that the care provider was unable to give dental care; negative evaluation of the way the patient was treated, the cleanliness of the rooms, based on the examination rooms and the toilets, and the size of the waiting and examination rooms.CONCLUSIONS The rate of dissatisfaction with dental care was low. This dissatisfaction was associated with socioeconomic conditions, subjectivity of oral health, skill of the health professionals relating to the professional-patient relationship and facility infrastructure. Educational interventions are suggested that aim at improving the quality of care among professionals by responsible agencies as is improving the infrastructure of the care units.

Chemical reaction network of flavylium ions in heterogeneous media

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Química, especialidade em Química-Física, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Biotoxicity assays of quantum dots in in vitro cultures of Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

The K-Th derivatives of the immanant and the X-symmetric power of an operator

In recent papers, formulas are obtained for directional derivatives, of all orders, of the determinant, the permanent, the m-th compound map and the m-th induced power map. This paper generalizes these results for immanants and for other symmetric powers of a matrix.

The norm of the K- Th derivative of the X-symmetric power of an operator

In this paper, the exact value for the norm of directional derivatives, of all orders, for symmetric tensor powers of operators on finite dimensional vector spaces is presented. Using this result, an upper bound for the norm of all directional derivatives of immanants is obtained.

Validation of an instrument to evaluate health promotion at schools

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To validate an instrument designed to assess health promotion in the school environment. METHODS A questionnaire, based on guidelines from the World Health Organization and in line with the Brazilian school health context, was developed to validate the research instrument. There were 60 items in the instrument that included 40 questions for the school manager and 20 items with direct observations made by the interviewer. The items’ content validation was performed using the Delphi technique, with the instrument being applied in 53 schools from two medium-sized cities in the South region of Brazil. Reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and split-half) and validity (principal component analysis) analyses were performed. RESULTS The final instrument remained composed of 28 items, distributed into three dimensions: pedagogical, structural and relational. The resulting components showed good factorial loads (> 0.4) and acceptable reliability (> 0.6) for most items. The pedagogical dimension identifies educational activities regarding drugs and sexuality, violence and prejudice, auto care and peace and quality of life. The structural dimension is comprised of access, sanitary structure, and conservation and equipment. The relational dimension includes relationships within the school and with the community. CONCLUSIONS The proposed instrument presents satisfactory validity and reliability values, which include aspects relevant to promote health in schools. Its use allows the description of the health promotion conditions to which students from each educational institution are exposed. Because this instrument includes items directly observed by the investigator, it should only be used during periods when there are full and regular activities at the school in question.

Permeabilidade e microestrutura de BAC com incorporação de fíler calcário

A durabilidade do betão está diretamente relacionada com o transporte de fluídos no seu interior que, por sua vez, está condicionado pela microestrutura do mesmo. Dadas as diferenças da estrutura porosa do betão auto-compactável (BAC) quando comparada com a de um betão convencional (BC), serão expectáveis algumas diferenças na durabilidade do primeiro. Um dos principais elementos diferenciadores entre ambos é a necessidade de quantidades significativas de material ultra fino (cimento e adições) por parte do BAC, essencialmente de modo a garantir os seus requisitos de comportamento no estado fresco. A utilização de adições, como o fíler calcário (FC), pode melhorar não só o comportamento do BAC no estado fresco como também influenciar a resistência mecânica e a durabilidade, através de uma microestrutura mais densa. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar o efeito da utilização de FC na permeabilidade e na microestrutura do BAC. De modo a comprovar as referidas relações, foram efetuados estudos sobre a correlação entre as propriedades da microestrutura e os mecanismos de transporte, através da produção de misturas de BAC com 0%, 30%, 45% e 60% de substituição de cimento por FC. A caracterização físico-química das amostras de BAC foi realizada por difracção de raios-x e por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento (MEV), sendo esta última técnica também um método de caracterização morfológica. Para analisar as propriedades de transporte do BAC foram executados ensaios de absorção por imersão e absorção capilar. A análise dos resultados obtidos permitiu concluir que os betões em estudo apresentam características satisfatórias ao nível da microestrutura e propriedades de transporte. Salienta-se que em todas as amostras foi encontrada uma microestrutura densa, não tendo sido encontrada uma zona de transição entre o agregado e a pasta com características que a diferenciem da restante da pasta. Estas observações complementam os valores encontrados no estudo das propriedades de transporte, fazendo prever que as amostras apresentam uma baixa porosidade.

A satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação

Em termos profissionais, a satisfação no trabalho é sem dúvida um tema bastante debatido e atual. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação e também averiguar se o local de trabalho ou o exercício de cuidados de especialidade influenciam a satisfação profissional deste grupo de enfermeiros. A satisfação profissional foi avaliada através da aplicação da “Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação no Trabalho dos Enfermeiros”, construída e validada por Frederico & Loureiro (2009) a 306 profissionais de Enfermagem, especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação. O Alpha de Cronbach foi de 0,85, refletindo um bom nível de consistência interna. Foram analisadas seis dimensões da satisfação: satisfação com as chefias; satisfação com benefícios e recompensas; satisfação com a natureza do trabalho; satisfação com a comunicação; satisfação com a equipa e satisfação com os requisitos do trabalho. Foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico. Na análise estatística dos dados, recorreu-se à análise fatorial, ao coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, a testes paramétricos t-student para amostras independentes e One-Way ANOVA. Os resultados mostram que os enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação encontram-se ligeiramente insatisfeitos. Os fatores de insatisfação estão relacionados com benefícios e recompensas, requisitos do trabalho e com a comunicação. A natureza do trabalho e o relacionamento com a equipa são fatores com os quais obtêm maior satisfação. Em relação às chefias existe uma aproximação à satisfação. Relativamente à avaliação do grau de satisfação profissional global, concluiu-se que os enfermeiros que exercem funções nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários encontram-se mais insatisfeitos profissionalmente, do que os que exercem a sua atividade profissional ao nível hospitalar. Os enfermeiros que exercem cuidados gerais apresentam-se mais insatisfeitos do que os que exercem cuidados de especialidade. Também a idade e a remuneração pelo cargo desempenhado são fatores determinantes. Os enfermeiros mais jovens são os que se apresentam mais insatisfeitos. Os enfermeiros que não são remunerados pelo cargo desempenhado demonstram maior insatisfação profissional.