O quadro de escrever como mediador para construção de relações de autonomia no ambiente de sala de aula

O quadro de escrever tem sido nos dias atuais alvo de críticas por parte de muitos professores que o consideram tradicional. Entretanto, alguns professores e pedagogos dentre os quais eu me incluo, consideram que, desde que usado de forma diferenciada, é de suma importância para o ensino e aprendizagem, principalmente na disciplina de Matemática. Essa dissertação versa sobre um estudo feito em uma turma de 7 série do Ensino Fundamental, cujo objetivo foi verificar quais os fatores que dificultam a participação dos alunos nas atividades no quadro de escrever. O estudo mostra que o quadro não é, em sua materialidade, um recurso tradicional. Em sua utilização estão presentes relações de poder que fazem com que os alunos não aceitem participar de suas atividades. As discussões são feitas em torno da necessidade de envolver os alunos e o professor em atividades interativas via quadro de escrever, haja vista que, esse artefato é adequado para a viabilização da comunicação matemática entre professor e alunos e dos alunos entre si.

Os projetos de investigação nas aulas de matemática em escolas ribeirinhas na ilha de Cotijuba

Este trabalho analisa que possibilidades de transformação uma proposta de educação matemática baseada em projetos de investigação promotores da transdisciplinaridade e da participação ativa dos alunos do processo de ensino/aprendizagem, traz para o desenvolvimento da competência crítica e reflexiva para a formação integral desses alunos do ensino fundamental em escolas ribeirinhas, haja vista que tais competências, segundo Skovsmose (2004) e Mora (2005), são necessárias para a participação cidadã em nossa sociedade. Fundamentado em Santos (2010) e outros, analiso a crise no paradigma dominante nas ciências, e seus desdobramentos no processo educativo, além de suas consequências no modo de vida de culturas tradicionais como os ribeirinhos. Com aporte teórico na Etnomatemática, principalmente nos trabalhos de Ubiratan D‟Ambrosio (2005; 2012), Gelsa Knijnik (2001) e Alan Bishop (1999), num diálogo com a Educação Matemática Crítica, tendo como referência as pesquisas de Ole Skovsmose (2000; 2004; 2006) e David Mora (2005), na busca de conexões e articulações mútuas que propiciem esse fazer pedagógico na educação ribeirinha. Na Comunidade do Poção na Ilha de Cotijuba, mais especificamente na escola Anexo Pedra Branca (Ensino Fundamental, somente para os anos iniciais), foi instaurada a parte empírica dessa pesquisa. Fizeram parte da construção dos dados 19 (dezenove) alunos desse nível de ensino, sete (07) pais/responsáveis de alunos e a professora da escola. Quanto à metodologia, foram utilizados dois momentos diferenciados e complementares: o primeiro consistiu na aproximação do pesquisador do universo cultural dos ribeirinhos da Comunidade do Poção, realizado em três etapas articuladas entre si: a observação, os diálogos interpessoais com os moradores da comunidade e a participação do pesquisador em atividades onde se evidencia a prática social dos ribeirinhos. O segundo momento, de caráter mais pedagógico, constou do desenvolvimento com os alunos e a professora da turma de quatro cenários para investigação das atividades socioeconômica e culturais dos ribeirinhos da Comunidade do Poção: a carpintaria naval, a pescaria artesanal, a coleta e comercialização de frutíferas, a plantação de pequenas roças e hortas, no intuito de dialogar com os saberes/fazeres culturais dos ribeirinhos e sobre as formas de medidas utilizadas na comunidade e suas relações com as medidas estudadas nesse nível de ensino na matemática escolar. A partir da análise dos “cenários para investigação” (SKOVSMOSE, 2000), evidencio que os projetos investigativos de caráter transdisciplinar possibilitam o respeito aos estudantes como sujeitos autoprodutores de conhecimento, tendo como consequência a participação ativa dos educandos em seu processo de aprendizagem, além do mais, dão visibilidade, no currículo escolar, aos saberes da tradição “colocando-os em interlocução com os saberes legitimados em nossa sociedade como os saberes científicos” (KNIJNIK, 2001, p. 25), estabelecendo relações profícuas e articulações mútuas entre o saber matemático escolar e os saberes da tradição ribeirinha na Comunidade do Poção, em Cotijuba.

A percepção dos jovens sobre valores e sistema político: estudo comparativo entre municípios novos e tradicionais

O presente trabalho, através da metodologia quantitativa de investigação, realiza um estudo comparativo sobre as diferenças nos valores e nas ideias da população a respeito do sistema político, o Estado, a democracia, participação e representação política no município de Paragominas que recebe influência de imigração de diversos grupos sociais o qual foi fundado por uma população de origem do centro oeste, sul e principalmente o nordeste brasileiro durante a construção da BR 010 (Belém-Brasília) que incentivou o fluxo migratório para a região no decorrer do processo de colonização da Amazônia; e o município de Cametá sem fluxo migratório e assim reconhecido como município tradicional e pertencente aos municípios mais antigos do estado do Pará cuja origem é do período colonial mas que, assim como Paragominas, pertence aos municípios de médio-grande porte. Porém, Cametá possui uma economia baseada principalmente na agricultura e é espacialmente mais isolado e distante dos eixos de desenvolvimento. Um método aplicável foi a realização do levantamento em escolas do Ensino Médio, onde há uma concentração de pessoas que permitiu a realização de amostra por conglomerado entre alunos na faixa etária de 16 a 24 anos de idade.

Qualidade fisiológica e armazenamento de sementes de ipê-verde (Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart.)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A comparison of larval, ovitrap and MosquiTRAP surveillance for Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti

In Brazil, the entomological surveillance of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is performed by government-mandated larval surveys. In this study, the sensitivities of an adult sticky trap and traditional surveillance methodologies were compared. The study was performed over a 12-week period in a residential neighbourhood of the municipality of Pedro Leopoldo, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An ovitrap and a MosquiTRAP were placed at opposite ends of each neighbourhood block (60 traps in total) and inspections were performed weekly. The study revealed significant correlations of moderate strength between the larval survey, ovitrap and MosquiTRAP measurements. A positive relationship was observed between temperature, adult capture measurements and egg collections, whereas precipitation and frequency of rainy days exhibited a negative relationship.

Risk factors that may signify a propensity to the use of drugs in students at a public university

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the risk factors that may increase the propensity to use licit and illicit drugs among students at a public university. Methods: The project involved students (n = 268) enrolled in the first and fourth years of courses in the areas of the social and biological sciences at a public university. Data collection was conducted by means of self-administered, semistructured questionnaires, based on such standardized assessment instruments as Audit, Assist, Cage and Duse. Collected data were analyzed quantitatively by calculating the percentages and evaluating the data in terms of categories of risk, classifying them by age, gender, religion, schooling, use (before or after entering university) and contexts of use. By means of this survey the researchers were able to correlate the use of drugs to the risk factors that might increase the students’ propensity to use these substances. Results: The results revealed a high proportion of current drug-using students, but showed no significant differences between the first and fourth year students as regards contexts of use. However, 67% of students regarded the university environment as encouraging the use of drugs. Students pointed to such major risk factors as friends’ and fellow-students’ influence, university parties, excessive curiosity and desire to experiment. Conclusion: Due to the high rate of drug use among university students, by the determination of the risk factors related to the university environment and also knowing that the process of addiction is one of growing chemical dependence, the importance of the development and implementation of public health policies at all levels, especially in terms of approaches and specific interventions addressing this population, should be noted.

As dificuldades de implantação de atividades experimentais investigativas no ensino de Química

Dissatisfaction with certain aspects of the educational processes of the traditional teaching has always existed, and new teaching methods have been routinely studied. The experimental investigative activity is one of those alternative practices. In this type of activity the experimentation is inserted with an investigative approach, in which the student must build the concept, with proposals that represent solutions to the excited problems. In the teaching of chemistry, specifically, the need and importance of experimentation is evident, beyond motivate students, aid in the understanding of chemical concepts relating them to reality. Realizing the contributions of this methodology for teaching and learning, through this research was conducted to understand the difficulties encountered by teachers for planning and implementation of these activities in the teaching of chemistry and therefore the reasons for the dominance of traditional teaching method. The subjects were undergraduate students of chemistry course that developed and implemented differentiated learning activities for teaching and teachers who accompanied the high school students who participated in the university extension project Inclusion Science and University students and teachers from public: Teaching and Learning Chemistry focuses on research and practice”. Through the data it was possible to identify some factors that affect and hinder the implementation of experimental activities in general, not only the investigative. However, despite the difficulties experienced by undergraduates, the majority considered the activity as an alternative teaching method interesting and innovative, able to produce interest, motivation and participation of students with subsequent learning. As well as the teachers, what with all the difficulties that they had declared facing when applying experimental activities, they admitted the pedagogical... (Complete abstract click electronic access belo)

Indisciplina no contexto da disciplina escolar

This study aimed to investigate the concepts of discipline/indiscipline among teachers in the sixth year of elementary school and observe how this issue is covered by the teachers, psychological and philosophical approach, according to its various conceptions. For the analysis of disciplinary concepts and unruly, we took into consideration the context of preteen, who suffers great changes in this particular age group. The need to address the following themes, created by the fact that the issue indisciplinary is a constant problem in institutions and, thereafter, the theme was quite current in order representations (express or implied) of discipline/indiscipline among teachers. As a tool for data collection technique was used to interview the teachers of that grade. This research also tried to score, especially the teachers understand that their behavior and for disciplinary action, considering the changes in habits and attitudes students, resulting from pre-adolescence, very present in this specific age group. In general, confirmed the presence of essential individual and social representations about the concepts of discipline and indiscipline among teachers, varying according to their various cultures, religions and teaching time, so therefore they were defined their real considerations. From this research, we concluded that these teachers have a vision of traditional education, taking into consideration their personal representations and education they had in earlier time

A utilização de jogos lúdico-didáticos no ensino de língua inglesa

Nowadays the accelerated development arising from globalization and the interrelation of the nations, the great increase in communication between different countries and the necessity for knowledge in different linguistic structures, the interest in learning a foreign language is crescent, and thinking about it, this work has the scope to verify how young and adult learners of a foreign language, in this case English, behave, that is, how best to develop the four language skills of the language: listening, writing, speaking, and reading and how the use of recreational and educational games can help this dichotomy between teaching-learning. The present research, theoretical and analytical basis, aims to make a study on how fun games can influence the teaching and learning of English in an audience of young and adult people and that includes a study of how human history has evolved, more precisely, as history of education was influenced by the playful and how the human mind also becomes over time. Nowadays, the playful is a tool that has been widely used pedagogically in teaching foreign languages and every day opens new manners and ways of teaching languages, always with its array of spaced more possibilities. Under this assumption, the focus of this research is discover how the use of recreational and educational games may influence grammar greater understanding and language development of young and adults students in learning English, and also what better way to introduce these games, that is, a contextualized content being discussed each time during the school way, so that the games may be, of course, used for relaxation of the students, but also (and especially) for their intellectual growth and language development

Inclusão escolar de um aluno com autismo: descrevendo práticas de alfabetização em uma escola pública - ciclo I

Learning the written language has been the subject of research and study of various sciences in recent decades, in the same way that inclusion in regular education of students with disabilities such as autism, also has been the subject of discussions in the academic and even political. However, it can be observed that these two topics are disjointed, despite the importance of ownership of the system of writing by students with autism, because that would be a way to facilitate social interaction, which is the principal difficulty of this students. This research intend to describe the inclusion process of a student with autism into a common room of the initial years, in a public school, observing which are the strategies used by the teacher in the literacy process, as well as analyze the collaborative process developed by the researcher. The methodology was a qualitative and collaborative research, the kind of case study. The participants were a teacher and her students, from the cycle I of Primary School of a public school, among which, one is diagnosed with autism. The instruments used to the data’s analysis were interviews, with the teacher and the mother of the student with autism; the written productions of the student during the research; camp diary; and the observations made during the research. To the interventions, were used alternative practices, including material production (a mobile alphabet and a album of photos), that make more easy the process of literacy, The results showed the great difficulty in performing the interventions in a collaborative process, considering that in the observations, it was found that the practices of this teacher were traditional, and also there was no planning, on her part, content to be deal with the students. Otherwise, related to the development of the autism student’s written language, it could be seen like a breakthrough, have in...

Risk muskuloskeletal disorders in upper limbs in dental students: concordance of different methods for estimation of body angle

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the agreement among different methods used to estimate angular deviation of the body to determine the risk for development of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry undergraduates. Materials and Methods: Students (n = 79) enrolled in the final year undergraduate course of the Araraquara School of Dentistry-Sγo Paulo State University-UNESP were evaluated. Photographs were taken of students performing clinical procedures. The work postures adopted by each student were evaluated by means of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). The basis used to obtain the individual's final risk score is the measurement of the angular deviations in the neutral positions of the regions evaluated. Two methods were used to estimate the angular deviation of the body: Visual exam and Image Tool software. A RULA final risk score was attributed to each procedure the student performed (n = 333). Study of the agreement between the methods about risk of musculoskeletal disorders was conducted by means of Kappa (κ) statistics. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: Fair agreement (κ = 0.32) between the evaluated methods was verified. Conclusion: The risk for development of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders by dentistry undergraduates evaluated by using RULA was not in agreement with the results obtained by use of visual exam and Image Tool.

Risk of musculoskeletal disorders in upper limbs in dental students: concordance of different methods for estimation of body angle

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the agreement among different methods used to estimate angular deviation of the body to determine the risk for development of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry undergraduates. Materials and Methods: Students (n = 79) enrolled in the final year undergraduate course of the Araraquara School of Dentistry-Sγo Paulo State University-UNESP were evaluated. Photographs were taken of students performing clinical procedures. The work postures adopted by each student were evaluated by means of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). The basis used to obtain the individual's final risk score is the measurement of the angular deviations in the neutral positions of the regions evaluated. Two methods were used to estimate the angular deviation of the body: Visual exam and Image Tool software. A RULA final risk score was attributed to each procedure the student performed (n = 333). Study of the agreement between the methods about risk of musculoskeletal disorders was conducted by means of Kappa (κ) statistics. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: Fair agreement (κ = 0.32) between the evaluated methods was verified. Conclusion: The risk for development of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders by dentistry undergraduates evaluated by using RULA was not in agreement with the results obtained by use of visual exam and Image Tool.

Contradições no uso de tecnologias em contexto de estágio de um curso de Letras: o professor de inglês em formação inicial no ensino superior

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dietary patterns are associated with general and central obesity in elderly living in a Brazilian city

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Spatial patterns of species richness and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in the neotropical savannas of Brazil

Savanna woody plant communities are widespread in Brazil, where this vegetation type can be divided into core-central and marginal areas within its range of distribution. The study of diversity patterns of plant communities can provide insights into the distribution, biogeography, and diversity of plant species in widespread biomes. The objectives of this study were to measure standard and phylogenetic indices of diversity in woody plant communities of the savanna vegetation of Brazil (Cerrado) throughout its extensive range. Based on a metaanalysis, the diversity indexes were compared using traditional statistical methods, a phylogenetic approach, and by mapping. Similar patterns were found for phylogenetic and traditional indexes of diversity in core and marginal areas, suggesting that both lower and higher diversity sites can occur within the Cerrado geographical area. The only difference was found in low diversity, disjunct savanna sites within the Amazon basin, which are isolated by the Amazon River from the more continuous central-southern Cerrado area.