Exogenous gonadotropins do not increase the blood-follicular transportation capacity of extra-ovarian hormones such as prolactin and cortisol.

BACKGROUNDS In vitro fertilization involves high dosage gonadotropin stimulation, which apparently has some negative impact on follicular endocrine function. As chorionic gonadotropin stimulation has been shown to increase the blood-follicular permeability in animal models, this raises the question if such an effect also applies to gonadotropins in humans, possibly affecting the endocrine follicular milieu. FINDINGS Follicular fluid and serum were collected at the time of follicular aspiration in in vitro fertilisation without (Natural cycle IVF, n = 24) and with (conventional gonadotropin stimulated IVF, n = 31) gonadotropin stimulation. The concentration of the extra-ovarian hormones prolactin and cortisol were analysed by immunoassays. RESULTS Median serum prolactin and cortisol concentrations were 12.3 ng/mL and 399 nmol/L without versus 32.2 ng/mL and 623 nmol/L with gonadotropin stimulation. The corresponding concentrations in follicular fluid were 20.6 ng/mL and 445 nmol/L versus 28.8 ng/ml and 456 nmol/L for prolactin and cortisol. As a consequence, mean follicular fluid:serum ratios were significantly reduced under gonadotropin stimulation (prolactin p = 0.0138, cortisol p = 0.0001). As an enhanced blood-follicular permeability and transportation, induced by gonadotropin stimulation, would result in increased instead of decreased follicular fluid:serum ratios as found in this study, it can be assumed that this does not affect extra-ovarian protein and steroid hormones as illustrated by prolactin and cortisol. CONCLUSIONS The model of serum follicular fluid:serum ratio of hormones, produced outside the ovaries, did not reveal a gonadotropin induced increased blood-follicular transportation capacity. Therefore it can be assumed that the effect of gonadotropins on follicular endocrine function is not due to an increased ovarian permeability of extra-ovarian hormones.

Gynaecologists' awareness of bone healthcare in Switzerland

PRINCIPLES To assess gynaecologists' awareness of bone healthcare in women and the prevalence of application of national recommendations on bone healthcare in Switzerland. METHODS During the annual meeting of the Swiss Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2012, the Swiss Association against Osteoporosis (SVGO) performed standardised interviews with conference participants (n = 210). Questions addressed responsibility for bone healthcare, and whether diagnostic procedures, initiation of bone-specific treatment and follow-up were performed in accordance with SVGO recommendations. RESULTS The majority of respondents were aged 30-50 years (60%), female (70%) and working as board-certified gynaecologists (69%). Ninety-three percent of respondents considered care for bone health as part of the gynaecologist's expertise. As diagnostic procedures, 44% recommended performing bone densitometry (DXA) only, 34% ordered additional laboratory testing. Seventy-two percent of respondents initiated a bone-specific treatment. Predictors for not performing diagnostic procedures and not initiating a bone-specific treatment were physician's age below 30, being a trainee gynaecologist, and working at a university clinic. Particularly, young trainee gynaecologists working at a university clinic were especially unlikely to initiate a bone-specific treatment (regression coefficient = -2.68; odds ratio [OR] 0.069, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.61; p = 0.16). Follow-ups were performed by 77% of respondents, but were less likely to be by female physicians (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.84; p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Although the majority of board-certified gynaecologists follow national recommendations on bone healthcare, current medical training in obstetrics and gynaecology does not sufficiently cover the subject of women's health. However, since this is a small study our findings may not reflect the findings in the total population.

Freymüthige Gedanken über die vorgeschlagene Verbesserung der Juden in den preußischen Staaten

von einem Juden mit Zusätzen eines Christen

Lehrbuch der shehitah u-bediquah : in fünf Theilen

von Lion Wolff

Ist die antisemitische Bewegung ein nationaler Freiheitskampf?

Von Georg Wolff

Handel, Schacher und Wucher der Juden im Kalender für Zeit und Ewigkeit von Alban Stolz : ein Wort d. Verwahrung u. zur Abwehr

von L. Wolff

Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core

Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8±4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400±250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130±300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.

Der jüdische Lehrer, sein Wirken und Leben : Kulturbilder aus der Gemeinde

von Lion Wolff

Bibelhistorie for den israelitiske Undom

af A. A. Wolff

Einige Worte an das Publikum über mein Religionsbuch

von Abraham Alexander Wolff

Die Festtage Israels : für israelitische Schulen methodisch bearb.

von L. Wolff

Spiegel der Juden darinnen menniglich zu ersehen wie die lieben Patriarchen alle Propheten und Moses so trostlich und klerlich anzeigen, das unnser Herr Jhesus Christus und Heilandt wahrhaffter Messias den Juden verheischen worden ist : sampt der Juden Cabala u. ihrem tegl. Gebett, aus hebreyscher u. chaldeyscher sprach verdeutscht ; neben angeheffter außlegung ihres Semhaphoras, der 72 Namen Gottes

inn d. Dr. geg. durch Phillippum Wolff

Vom Geist des Judentums : Reden und Geleitworte

von Martin Buber

Drei Vorlesungen als Einleitung zu Vorträgen über das Judenthum in der Erscheinung und in der Idee : geh. in d. Lesegesellsch.: "d. neuen Verein", zur Weckung u. Belebung einer größeren Kenntniß vom Geiste u. Wesen d. Judenthums

von Abraham Alexander Wolff

Agende zum Gebrauche beim israelitischen Gottesdienste

von Abraham Alexander Wolff