Funcionalidad biodemográfica del pulgón Nasonovia Ribisnigri (Mosley) (Hemiptera : Aphididae) en cultivares de lechuga Lactuca sativa (l.) tipo mantecoso en condiciones controladas

p.5-9

Análisis de productividad y calidad comercial en plantas de rosa para corte injertadas sobre dos nuevos patrones

p.141-146

Index nominum unamunoanae (Fungi)

Se da a conocer la relación completa de los nuevos nombres de táxones fúngicos propuestos por L.M. Unamuno (1879-1943). En total se citan 267 táxones, que incluyen un género, 225 especies (9 de ellas con nombres inválidos), 22 variedades y 19 formas (2 de ellas con nombre inválido o ilegitimo). Para cada taxon se refieren la diagnosis original, la fecha de distribución de la misma y su indicación locotípica. Además, se incluye una lista completa de las publicaciones de Unamuno.

Bupleurum salicifolium R. Brown in Buch de l'archipel Macaronésien: Taxonomie et Evolution

Se ha realizado un estudio anatómico (frutos y hojas) en 24 poblaciones de Bupleurum salicifolium R. Brown in Buch recogidas en las lslas Canarias Occidentales y Madeira, lo que nos ha permitido evidenciar una estructura uniforme de los frutos. Por el contrario, en las hojas se han observado tres tipos de estructuras, así como la existencia de un canal oleoso, cuya presencia o ausencia coincide con la distribución geográfica de la especie en las diferentes islas. Estas observaciones nos han inducido a hacer una nueva propuesta sistemática: B. salicifolium subsp. salicifolium con dos variedades, var. salicifolium (Madeira y Gomera) y var. robustum comb. nova (Gomera), y subsp. aciphyllum (La Palma, Hierro, Tenerife y Gran Canaria).La importancia de cada uno de los tipos de hojas en las diferentes islas nos ha pemitido asimismo proponer un esquema de dispersión de la especie. La existencia de estructuras consideradas como más primitivas, así como la desaparición de las poblaciones diploides, permiten suponer que B. salicifolium es una especie antigua que conserva su número base de origen x = 8 (En francés).

The presence of the Aragonese language in the magazine "El Ebro" (1917-1936)

El Ebro (1917-1936) was a magazine published in Barcelona by Aragonese emigrants at the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first experience of coexistence of different dialectal varieties of the Aragonese language in the same media. El Ebro was an experience that has gone virtually unnoticed in the recent history of one of the most minority languages, and with minor media presence, of Western Europe. In its pages El Ebro mixed dialects spoken in different regions of linguistic Aragonese area together with transcripts of medieval documents. At the same time, this newspaper raised debates about the language issue that they were truncated due to disappearance of the publication and the lack of theoretical realization

Factores determinantes del uso de Internet en la comercialización del aceite de oliva. Análisis del sector en Cataluña

Las cooperativas son entidades con una gran presencia económica y social en España, y tienen una gran influencia en la economía rural de las zonas donde están ubicadas. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es el análisis del uso de las nuevas tecnologías por parte de las cooperativas agroalimentarias, centrándose en las productoras de aceite de oliva para determinar los principales factores que condicionan su comportamiento en la Red. En el presente estudio se analizan sus sitios web y se determina qué tipo de información aporta, tanto datos generales como datos de comercialización. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se busca la relación que pueda existir entre el tamaño de la cooperativa, su actividad exportadora o la actividad de comercio electrónico con la presencia online, mediante una regresión logística. De esta manera podremos conocer si realmente la implantación de nuevas tecnologías en las cooperativas permite desarrollar una óptima actividad económica.

Resposta do Olival Intensivo e Super-Intensivo a Dois Regimes de Rega: Parâmetros Fisiológicos, Produção e Qualidade

O olival de regadio tem tido grande expansão nos últimos anos no Alentejo, sendo a administração da rega mais adequada às necessidades hídricas um dos fatores determinantes da sua boa gestão. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a resposta de duas variedades de Olea europaea, Cobrançosa e Arbequina, em regime intensivo e super- intensivo, respetivamente, a duas dotações de rega, a normalmente utilizada pelo agricultor (RA) e outra experimental, com dotações acima (RA+) ou abaixo (RA−) das praticados em RA. Mediram-se os principais parâmetros hídricos das plantas e o teor em clorofilas, e registou-se a assinatura espectral em folhas adultas e jovens, ao meio- dia solar, em três épocas do ano, primavera, final do verão e inverno de 2011. Em Outubro foi feita a colheita, tendo-se quantificado a produção em termos de produção total e teor de óleo na matéria seca, e a qualidade do azeite em termos de acidez e oxidação. Face aos resultados, conclui-se que no olival intensivo de Cobrançosa, na rega experimental (RA+), acima da praticada pelo agricultor, não se verificou diferenças significativas na produção total nem no teor de óleo na matéria seca. Não se verificaram também diferenças significativas entre as regas nos parâmetros hídricos avaliados. Quanto ao olival super-intensivo de Arbequina, a rega experimental (RA−), deficitária relativamente à do agricultor (RA), acarretou menor produção, associada a menor teor relativo de água nas folhas, potenciais hídricos mais negativos e menor condutância estomática no final do verão e inverno, mantendo-se no entanto o teor de óleo nos frutos. O teor em clorofilas e alguns índices de vegetação foram influenciados pelo regime de rega apenas em algumas das datas. Nos dois olivais, as regas experimentais não influenciaram a qualidade do azeite, tendo-se obtido azeites extra virgem com propriedades semelhantes aos das modalidades RA. O estudo prossegue em 2012.

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una Microempresa dedicada a la producción y comercialización de Vino de Litchi en la Ciudad de Quito

El presente proyecto de Estudio de Factibilidad para la creación de una microempresa dedicada a la producción y comercialización de Vino de Litchi en la Ciudad de Quito, es una nueva alternativa de incursionar en el mercado del vino debido a que en nuestro país se dedica más a la importación de vino y tenemos un nicho de mercado que podemos aprovechar. El litchi es originario del sur de China, con una larga historia en ese país, se distingue por producir una fruta grande, roja, con pocas semillas. Se la considera una de las mejores variedades para el proceso de secado de la fruta. No es una fruta muy conocida, se cultiva específicamente en la Costa y se la conoce con el nombre de achotillo comúnmente. Es una fruta que contiene una gran variedad de beneficios para la salud. En el Estudio de Mercado se aplico las encuestas que nos permitieron observar que el consumo de vino en las familias es moderado, pero están dispuestos a consumir otro tipo de vino y mucho más si este ayuda a la salud. Nuestro mercado objetivo son los jefes de hogar que incluye hombres o mujeres de nivel medio alto y alto, ya que ambos tienen la posibilidad de adquirir el producto.

Systematics and evolution of coastal and deepwater Hydrozoa from the NE Atlantic

The study of the Portuguese Hydrozoa fauna has been abandoned for more than half a century, except for the Azores archipelago. One of the main aims of this Ph.D. project was to contribute new hydrozoan records leading to a more accurate perception of the actual hydrozoan diversity found in Portuguese waters, including the archipelagos of Azores and Madeira, and neighbouring geographical areas, for habitats ranging from the deep sea to the intertidal. Shallow water hydroids from several Portuguese marine regions (including the Gorringe Bank) were sampled by scuba-diving. Deep-water hydroids, from the Azores, Madeira, Gulf of Cadiz and Alboran Sea, were collected by researchers of different institutions during several oceanographic campaigns. Occasional hydroid sampling by scuba-diving was performed in the UK, Malta and Spain. Over 300 hydroid species were identified and about 600 sequences of the hydrozoan ‘DNA barcode’ 16S mRNA were generated. The families Sertulariidae, Plumulariidae, Lafoeidae, Hebellidae, Aglaopheniidae, Campanulinidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae, Haleciidae and Eudendriidae, were studied in greater detail. About 350 16S sequences were generated for these taxa, allowing phylogenetic, phylogeographic and evolutionary inferences, and also more accurate taxonomic identifications. Phylogenetic analyses integrated molecular and morphological characters. Subsequent results revealed: particularly high levels of cryptic biodiversity, polyphyly in many taxonomic groups, pairs of species that were synonymous, the identity of several varieties as valid species, and highlighted phylogeographic associations of hydroids in deep and shallow-water areas of the NE Atlantic and W Mediterranean. It was proved that many (but not all) marine hydroid species with supposedly widespread vertical and/or horizontal geographical distributions, correspond in fact to complexes of cryptic taxa. This study further revealed that, in the NE Atlantic, shallow environments sustain higher hydrozoan diversity and abundance, but the importance of bathyal habitats as a source of phylogenetic diversity was also revealed. The Azorean seamounts were shown to be particularly important in the segregation of populations of hydroids with reduced dispersive potential. The bathyal habitats of the Gulf of Cadiz proved to harbour a considerably high number of cryptic species, which may mainly be a consequence of habitat heterogeneity and convergence of various water masses in the Gulf. The main causes proposed for speciation and population divergence of hydroids were: species population size, dispersal mechanisms and plasticity to inhabit different environmental conditions, but also the influence of oceanic currents (and its properties), habitat heterogeneity, climate change and continental drift. Higher phylogenetic resolution obtained for the family Plumulariidae revealed particularly that glacial cycles likely facilitated population divergence, ultimately speciation, and also faunal evolutionary transitions from deep to shallow waters.

Reflections of universal algebras into semilattices, their Galois theories, and related factorization systems

Estabelecemos uma condição suficiente para a preservação dos produtos finitos, pelo reflector de uma variedade de álgebras universais numa subvariedade, que é, também, condição necessária se a subvariedade for idempotente. Esta condição é estabelecida, seguidamente, num contexto mais geral e caracteriza reflexões para as quais a propriedade de ser semi-exacta à esquerda e a propriedade, mais forte, de ter unidades estáveis, coincidem. Prova-se que reflexões simples e semi-exactas à esquerda coincidem, no contexto das variedades de álgebras universais e caracterizam-se as classes do sistema de factorização derivado da reflexão. Estabelecem-se resultados que ajudam a caracterizar morfismos de cobertura e verticais-estáveis em álgebras universais e no contexto mais geral já referido. Caracterizam-se as classes de morfismos separáveis, puramente inseparáveis e normais. O estudo dos morfismos de descida de Galois conduz a condições suficientes para que o seu par kernel seja preservado pelo reflector.

Multilayered micro/nanocrystalline CVD diamond coatings for biotribology

In the present work multilayered micro/nanocrystalline (MCD/NCD) diamond coatings were developed by Hot Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition (HFCVD). The aim was to minimize the surface roughness with a top NCD layer, to maximize adhesion onto the Si3N4 ceramic substrates with a starting MCD coating and to improve the mechanical resistance by the presence of MCD/NCD interfaces in these composite coatings. This set of features assures high wear resistance and low friction coefficients which, combined to diamond biocompatibility, set this material as ideal for biotribological applications. The deposition parameters of MCD were optimized using the Taguchi method, and two varieties of NCD were used: NCD-1, grown in a methane rich gas phase, and NCD-2 where a third gas, Argon, was added to the gas mixture. The best combination of surface pre-treatments in the Si3N4 substrates is obtained by polishing the substrates with a 15 μm diamond slurry, further dry etching with CF4 plasma for 10 minutes and final ultrasonic seeding in a diamond powder suspension in ethanol for 1 hour. The interfaces of the multilayered CVD diamond films were characterized with high detail using HRTEM, STEM-EDX and EELS. The results show that at the transition from MCD to NCD a thin precursor graphitic film is formed. On the contrary, the transition of the NCD to MCD grade is free of carbon structures other than diamond, as a result of the richer atomic hydrogen content and of the higher substrate temperature for MCD deposition. At those transitions, WC nanoparticles were found due to contamination from the filament, being also present at the first interface of the MCD layer with the silicon nitride substrate. In order to study the adhesion and mechanical resistance of the diamond coatings, indentation and particle jet blasting tests were conducted, as well as tribological experiments with homologous pairs. Indentation tests proved the superior behaviour of the multilayered coatings that attained a load of 800 N without delamination, when compared to the mono and bilayered ones. The multilayered diamond coatings also reveal the best solid particle erosion resistance, due to the MCD/NCD interfaces that act as crack deflectors. These results were confirmed by an analytical model on the stress field distribution based on the von Mises criterion. Regarding the tribological testing under dry sliding, multilayered coatings also exhibit the highest critical load values (200N for Multilayers with NCD-2). Low friction coefficient values in the range μ=0.02- 0.09 and wear coefficient values in the order of ~10-7 mm3 N-1 m-1 were obtained for the ball and flat specimens indicating a mild wear regime. Under lubrication with physiological fluids (HBSS e FBS), lower wear coefficient values ~10-9-10-8 mm3 N-1 m-1) were achieved, governed by the initial surface roughness and the effective contact pressure.

Sustainable viticulture in Bairrada appellation: vineyard and harvest year effects on grapes oenological potential

The sustainable viticulture of a region passes, among other aspects, for maximizing the varieties potential minimizing subsequent interventions during winemaking, which should contribute to the production of quality wines maintaining their typicity and rationalizing costs. The detailed knowledge of each Appellation specificities, namely vineyard parcel (soil type and topographical peculiarities) and harvest climatic conditions is crucial for sustainability in this sector. Thus, in line with this current trend, the starting point for the development of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the oenological potential of different varieties cultivated throughout Bairrada Appellation (Portugal). During maturation several changes in grape varieties occur, namely berries become sweeter, less acidic, and they develop flavour, aroma and colour properties. The development of these characteristics is essential to define grapes oenological potential, i.e. to estimate the possibility of their usage to produce specific wines. A three years sampling plan was designed to evaluate the effect of harvest year and parcel characteristics on V. vinifera cv. Arinto, Bical, Sauvignon Blanc, Baga, Castelão, Touriga Nacional, and Sousão grapes composition. For each variety, 3 parcels with different characteristics were selected. Several physicochemical parameters were evaluated, during maturation: berry weight, pH, titratable acidity, sugar and phenolic contents, antiradical activity, and volatile composition (free fraction). Special attention was devoted to grapes at technologic maturity, since, besides these parameters, glycosidically-linked fraction was also considered. By using the results obtained at technologic maturity, a comprehensive approach was applied to identify the significance of harvest and parcel characteristics effects on each variety composition. Considering all the parameters under study, it may be highlighted some significant differences. According to the obtained results determined during maturation, it was possible to conclude that Arinto, Bical and Sauvignon Blanc grapes from parcels with clay-sandy and clay-calcareous soils have higher phenolic content and antiradical activity. Otherwise, Sauvignon Blanc presented similar volatile composition for grapes cultivated in the 3 parcels, while Arinto and Bical exhibited higher volatile content in grapes from claysandy and clay-calcareous soils. For Baga, Castelão and Touriga Nacional red varieties, grapes with higher phenolic content, antiradical activity, and volatile content were obtained from clayey and clay-calcareous soils. Furthermore, for Touriga Nacional, parcels altitude seems also to modulate grapes composition. Beyond parcel effect, harvest year conditions also influence grapes composition: 2011 harvest was related with lower phenolic and volatile contents, as well as lower antiradical activity.For grapes collected at technologic maturity, analysis of variance-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) was applied combining all the parameters under study, in order to assess the influence of harvest and parcel characteristics on each variety oenological potential. The results obtained using this comprehensive approach is closely related with those observed during maturation and revealed that harvest was the main factor that influenced grapes composition (53% to 68% of the total data set variance) followed by parcel characteristics, explaining ca. 15-19% of the total data set variance. The oenological potential of each variety may be different from one parcel to another, i.e., clay-sandy and clay-calcareous related-environments seem to favour Arinto and Bical white grapes composition, but for the red varieties, grapes composition was favoured by clayey and clay-calcareous soils. Besides, also higher altitude seems to favour Touriga Nacional grapes composition. Sauvignon Blanc seems to be a variety well adapted to the different parcel characteristics. In order to go forward in the valuation of these varieties, the aroma properties of 6 monovarietal wines were studied based on an aroma network-approach, linking molecular data related to volatile composition and aroma data about the key odor active molecules. This approach allowed to identify different wine aroma properties and to infer about the consumer’s sensory perception. It was found that aroma properties differ from one wine variety to another: while Arinto and Sauvignon Blanc wine exhibited higher tree fruity, sweety and flowery aromas, related essentially with ester compounds and C13 norisoprenoids, the opposite was obtained for Bical wine, corroborating the aroma sensory perceptions of the trained panel. Sauvignon Blanc also exhibited higher toasted aromas (related with thiols, mainly with 2-methyl-3-furanthiol). Touriga Nacional red wine exhibited higher tree, tropical, and berry fruits notes (sensory described as sweet fruits), toasted and flowery aromas, while these are similar for the other red wines under study. Besides Portuguese Bairrada wines, this aroma network approach is a tool that can be used to explain the aroma properties of wines worldwide. The grape and wine data generated under the present PhD thesis, in the context of Bairrada Appellation, shows the unique character of each variety, and may be used by growers and wine producers as a support for decisionmaking based on objective criteria, increasing the sustainability in this sector. For instance, it is possible to take advantage of the natural resources and produce products with different characteristics obtained from the same variety, minimizing costs during the winemaking process.

Identificação de marcadores moleculares ligados a um gene mutado de resistência ao oídio (Erysiphe pisi Syd.) em ervilha (Pisum sativum L.)

Tese dout., Ciências Agrárias, Universidade do Algarve, 2006

Estudo da evolução da microbiota em fermentações naturais de azeitona verde do Algarve

Disssertação de mest., Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Univ. do Algarve, 2011

Estudo comparativo de géneros de nemátodes fitoparasitas nos greens dos campos de golfe da região Algarvia

Este trabalho teve como objectivos, identificar quais os métodos de extracção mais eficientes para representação da população de nemátodes em greens de campos de golfe; e identificar os géneros de nemátodes fitoparasitas existentes, associando-os às diferentes características dos campos: idade do campo, textura do solo, histórico de doenças, entre outros factores. Para tal foram escolhidos campos com base nos seguintes critérios: com e sem historial de nemátodes fitoparasitas; campos situados em zonas de maior ou menor concentração de turistas; campos pertencentes ao mesmo grupo financeiro e outros com outra gestão, campos com diferentes idades; e campos com diferentes variedades de relvas. Para os campos do mesmo grupo financeiro (Grupo Oceânico) - Laguna, Millennium, Victória, Old Course, Pinhal, Faldo e O´Connor, foram efectuadas três amostragens em diferentes datas (Julho e Setembro de 2010 e Abril de 2011); e para os restantes campos (de outros grupos) - Grupo Vale de Lobo – Royal/Ocean, Grupo CS – Álamos/Morgado do Reguengo, Quinta da Ria/Quinta de Cima, Alto Golfe e Benamor, foram realizadas duas amostragens (Março e Maio de 2011). Em todos os campos foram recolhidos 20 cores em 5 greens e foi feita a extracção utilizando três métodos diferentes - funil de Baermann, raízes maceradas e flutuação centrífuga. Durante a avalição do melhor método de extracção foi observado que apesar da variabilidade da amostra (tipo de solo, textura do solo, material e crivagem) o método mais eficaz foi o método de extracção por flutuação centrífuga. Este método não só apresentou maior variedade de géneros como maior quantidade de nemátodes fitoparasitas. Em todos os campos de golfe amostrados foram observados os seguintes géneros - Helicotylenchus, Meloidogyne e Tylenchorhynchus, pelo que se concluiu que se tratavam dos géneros mais comuns independentemente das características dos campos amostrados. Para os dois primeiros géneros foi frequentemente ultrapassado o limite de dano estipulado para a Europa e Estados Unidos e não foram visíveis danos nos relvados. Isto sugere que novos trabalhos deverão ser realizados na tentativa de adaptar esses limites de dano padronizados á realidade portuguesa mais concretamente á região algarvia. Foram também encontrados em menor número e nunca em todos os campos de golfe amostrados, os seguintes géneros: Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Tylenchulus, Paratrichodorus, Hemicycliophora, Hemicriconemoides e Criconemoides.Por fim, não foi possível determinar se havia alguma ligação entre os diferentes campos do mesmo grupo e grupos diferentes uma vez que o número de indivíduos dos géneros encontrados foi pouco significativo.