Como el Uruguay no hay - : terror de Estado e segurança nacional Uruguai (1968-1985) : do pachecato à ditadura civil-militar

O presente trabalho analisa a ditadura civil-militar uruguaia (1973-1984) a partir da perspectiva da política de Terror de Estado, mecanismo implementado para aplicar as premissas da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional e defender os interesses dos setores dominantes locais. Da mesma forma, possibilitou o disciplinamento da força de trabalho, exigência implícita nas novas demandas do capitalismo mundial, o que significou, na prática, a destruição do questionamento social e das manifestações por mudanças promovidas pelas distintas organizações populares nos anos 60 e 70. Este período, aliás, foi marcado, na América Latina, tanto pela efervescência produzida pela Revolução Cubana quanto pelo esforço dos EUA em disseminar as concepções contra-insurgentes e reforçar a pentagonização regional. Foi durante as administrações de Pacheco Areco e de Bordaberry (1968-1973), marcadas por acentuada guinada autoritária ainda em regime democrático, que começaram a ser aplicadas determinadas práticas repressivas de Terror de Estado, fato que se projetou, ampliou e consolidou posteriormente, com o regime de exceção. O objetivo norteador da pesquisa foi estudar o conceito de Terror de Estado e analisar sua aplicação na experiência concreta da ditadura uruguaia enquanto metodologia de atuação de um sistema repressivo complexo que abrangeu as múltiplas dimensões da sociedade Assim, procurou-se destacar a diversidade e articulação das diferentes modalidades de atuação implementadas: a interdição do Poder Legislativo; a subordinação do Poder Judiciário à Justiça Militar; a proibição de partidos políticos, sindicatos e organizações sociais; a intervenção no sistema de ensino; a imposição de uma política global de censura; a iniciativa de refundação societária; a subjugação e destruição do “inimigo interno”; a aplicação de ações contra-insurgentes (a tortura, o “grande encarceramento”, a política de “reféns” e os seqüestros seguidos de desaparecimentos forçados); etc. A participação ativa uruguaia na conexão repressiva internacional (Operação Condor) expressou o deslocamento da violência estatal da “guerra interna” contra os núcleos exilados nos países vizinhos. Em síntese, a dinâmica imposta caracterizou o Terror de Estado implementado no Uruguai como sendo abrangente, prolongado, indiscriminado, preventivo, retroativo e extraterritorial além de conter pretensões pedagógicas e ser gerador de seqüelas que se projetaram no período democrático posterior.

Evolução administrativa da pesquisa agropecuaria no ambito do Ministerio da Agricultura no periodo de 1938/1978 : um estudo de caso

Nesta monografia buscou-se, através de um estudo de caso, analisar, basicamente, a evolução administrativa e a sobrevivência da pesquisa e experimentação agropecuárias,cujas ações estão diretamente ligadas ao Ministério da Agricultura. Envolve o período de 1938 a 1978, no qual a atividade científica foi desem penhada com o objetivo de gerar e adaptar tecnologias que, sob determinadas condições, pudessem contribuir para elevar os índices de produtividade e bem estar social do setor agrícola. Adotou-se como modelo de análise aquele proposto por Esman e B1aise e que na literatura especializada aparece sob a denominação de Institution Building. A partir da análise desenvolvida foi possível identificar algumas fases que se caracterizavam por diferentes níveis de desempenho organizacional. As conclusões a que o presente estudo permite chegar são limitadas, mas a sua contribuição reside no estímulo a esforços posteriores de pesquisa, cuja necessidade pode ser identificada a partir deste trabalho.

Temporal and spatial variability in the macrozoobenthic community along a salinity gradient in the Castillos Lagoon (Uruguay)

The macrozoobenthic community of the Castillos Lagoon system (East Coast of Uruguay) was sampled during autumn, winter, spring and summer of 1991, in order to describe the community structure and the spatial and temporal patterns of distribution. Eleven sampling stations were distributed along a salinity gradient in a north-south direction (8 replicates were collected at each station). The maximum density of organisms was found at the central part of the lagoon (stations 6 and 7) where the bivalve Erodona mactroides and gastropod Heleobia australis were dominants. No significant correlation between the overall abundance of organisms and salinity could be demonstrated (r = 0.43, p > 0.1). However, a reduction in organism abundance between the autumn and the summer coincided with a marked drop in salinity. Falling levels of dissolved oxygen could have influenced the decreasing density of organisms (r = 0.75, p < 0.05). Species richness and diversity were correlated (p < 0.1) with salinity but the degree of correlation was not uniformly significant between sampling periods.

Occurrence of freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the Uruguay River and its tributaries, Uruguay, South America.

Four records of potamotrygonids in the Uruguay River and its tributaries in Paysandu, Uruguay are reported in this paper. The first one was a specimen caught in 1934, of undetermined sex and weighing 120 kg and with a disc width of ca 150 cm. The second specimen, caught in 1998, was also of undetermined sex; it weighed 50 kg total weight and its disc width measured 103 cm. The third specimen was caught in 2001; it was an adult male, weighed 114 kg total weight and its disc width measured ca 110 cm. The fourth one, caught in 2004, was a female, 11 kg in total weight and with a disc width of 80 cm. According to the size and general description, specimens were identified as Potamotrygon brachyura, to date the only potamotrygonid confirmed for Uruguay.

Petrological and geochemical evolution of the alkaline Valle Chico Massif, southeastern Uruguay

The Valle Chico Massif is a member of the Early Cretaceous alkaline magmatic suite of rocks distributed around the Parana Basin. Three magmatic associations are recognized: (1) the Plutonic Association, characterized by syenites, quartz syenites, and syenogranites; (2) the Volcanic Association, mainly composed of porphyritic quartz trachytes; and (3) the Porphyritic Dike Association consisting of rhyolites and trachytes. Judging by their geochemical behavior, the rhyolites exhibit a weak peralkaline affinity, and are genetically connected by progressive melting processes, whereas the other lithologies have a metaluminous nature, and are products of mineral fractionation. An enriched mantle of Transamazonian age, geochemically similar to OIB, is postulated as a possible source.

Comparative larval morphology of eight species of Hypsiboas Wagler (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) from Argentina and Uruguay, with a review of the larvae of this genus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Paraná Basin: Mineral resource potentials in Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay

The Paraná Basin is a Western Gondwanan cratonic basin that is better defined as the Paraná depositional site, since it has a diverse history as a basin. Sedimentation started in the Ordovician-Silurian, followed by extensive marine Devonian deposition. A Late Paleozoic/ Triassic facies cycle wedge was clearly built during Pangean time. The Early Cretaceous was characterized by extensive basaltic lava flows immediately before the break-up of Pangea. Following these rifting and drifting processes, the basin's structural framework was totally rebuilt, generating new depositional sites in the Late Cretaceous to Tertiary. Based on more recent data, at least two different basins may be defined during the evolution of what was once considered a unique basin. Nevertheless, even if considered as a single basin, the sedimentary pile of the Paraná Basin has considerable economic potential, until now exploited only rudimentarily, except for its groundwater resources. Aggregates, limestones, clays, industrial sands, gems, dimension stones, hydrocarbons, coal, peat, and uranium are some of the potential mineral resources of this basin. Copyright © 1997 by V. H. Winston & Son, Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessing relationships between genetic evaluations using robust regression with an application to holsteins in Uruguay

Globalization of dairy cattle breeding has created a need for international sire proofs. Some early methods for converting proofs from one population to another are based on simple linear regression. An alternative robust regression method based on the t-distribution is presented, and maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques for analysis are described, including the situation in which some proofs are missing. Procedures were used to investigate the relationship between Holstein sire proofs obtained by two Uruguayan genetic evaluation programs. The results suggest that conversion equations developed from data including only sires having proofs in both populations can lead to distorted results, relative to estimates obtained using techniques for incomplete data. There was evidence of non-normality of regression residuals, which constitutes an additional source of bias. A robust estimator may not solve all problems, but can provide simple conversion equations that are less sensitive to outlying proofs and to departures from assumptions.

Reformas estructurales, productividad y conducta tecnológica en América Latina

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Situación actual y política para las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales en Uruguay

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Escenarios futuros y políticas de vejez en Uruguay: continuidades y rupturas

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El complejo productivo lácteo en Uruguay

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