collision attack on reduced-round camellia

IEEE Computer Society

1994-2006年《水土保持研究》载文被引定量分析

利用中国知识资源总库的中国引文数据库检索《水土保持研究》在1994-2006年所载论文的被引用情况,采用文献计量学方法对该刊1994-2006年载文被《中国期刊文献引证数据库》来源期刊引用的情况进行统计分析及评价。从文献引证的角度透视《水土保持研究》的学术水平。该刊1994-2006年共载文2098篇,被引用2018篇,占载文总数的96.62%。2001-2006年该刊影响因子、即年指标等文献计量指标逐年上升,分析表明:《水土保持研究》载文质量较高,在该学科有较大的学术影响力。

1987年大兴安岭特大火灾后北坡森林景观生态恢复评价

通过空间直观景观模型(LAND IS)来探讨大兴安岭北坡1987年特大森林火灾后,在目前这种恢复方案下以及完全依靠天然更新下森林景观的长期动态,通过对比研究来评价目前所采取的恢复措施是否能够有效地恢复森林资源。研究结果表明:1987年大火后所采取的恢复措施可以在很大程度上增加针叶树种在该区所占的比例,而相应地降低阔叶树种的比重。由于在目前的恢复措施下,不仅大面积地种植针叶树种,同时也采伐了大量的成、过熟林,使落叶松和樟子松的蓄积量在开始阶段不仅没有增加,反而有大幅度的下降。但最终,所更新的幼苗逐渐成材,落叶松和樟子松的蓄积量逐渐超过天然更新下的。在演替前期,白桦的蓄积量在这2种模拟方案下相差不大;而在演替后期,白桦在天然更新方案下的蓄积量要高于在目前恢复措施下的蓄积量。另外,物种在不同的区域的变化动态又有较大的差异。在重度火烧区,由于人为种植大量的针叶树种,使它们所占的面积比例明显高于完全依靠天然更新下其在重度火烧区所占的比例;而阔叶树种则相反,在完全依靠天然更新方案下所占的面积百分比明显高于在目前恢复方案下的比例。而在未火烧和轻中度火烧区,由于火后人为采伐大量的落叶松和樟子松,使这2个树种在该区所占的比例在开始100多年里要低于完全依靠天然更新下的比例,随后逐渐高于天然更新下所占的比例,但相差不大;阔叶树种则正好相反。另外,目前恢复方案不仅极大地改变了主要物种在该区所占的比例,而且还明显的影响了它们的空间分布格局。

1987年大兴安岭特大火灾后不同管理措施对落叶松林的长期影响

采用空间直观景观模型(LANDIS)模拟了3种不同经营措施(假设1987年未发生特大火灾,完全依靠天然更新(M1);1987年特大火灾发生后依靠天然更新(M2)和火灾后采取目前森林经营措施(M3))下图强林业局落叶松及其成过熟林300年的动态变化.结果表明:林业局整体水平上,M1和M3方案下落叶松林面积占森林总面积的比例明显高于M2方案.M3方案下落叶松面积比例开始时低于M1方案,但由于大规模的人工更新,随后迅速增加,约100年后赶上M1方案.不同经营措施对落叶松面积百分比影响较大,并对其年龄结构有显著影响.M1方案下落叶松成过熟林面积比例明显高于M2方案;而在M3方案下,由于火后10年大规模的森林采伐,落叶松成过熟林的面积比例锐减,随后逐渐增加,但需要近100年才能达到并超过其他2种方案.此外,在火烧区和未火烧区,落叶松及其成过熟林在不同经营措施下的变化趋势存在明显差异.

1987年特大火灾后不同树种种植比例对大兴安岭森林景观的长期影响

应用空间直观景观模型(LANDIS)模拟了1987年大兴安岭北坡图强林业局特大森林火灾后在目前种植强度下,不同落叶松和樟子松种植比例(100%落叶松(P1)、70%落叶松和30%樟子松(P2)、50%落叶松和50%樟子松(P3)、30%落叶松和70%樟子松(P4)、100%樟子松(P5))以及完全依靠天然更新(P0)条件下森林景观的长期动态变化.结果表明,在演替的前期、中期和后期,不同种植比例均对落叶松、樟子松和白桦有显著影响;落叶松所占的面积百分比随时间的推移均呈上升趋势,而樟子松则相反;在各种植预案下,落叶松和樟子松的面积百分比均高于天然更新预案的比例,随着落叶松种植比例的增加,落叶松的多度也相应增加;樟子松在该区所占的面积百分比也随其种植比例的增大而增加.白桦在天然更新预案下所占的面积百分比明显高于种植预案下所占的比例;而不同落叶松和樟子松种植比例也对白桦面积有较大影响,樟子松种植的比例越大,白桦所占的面积百分比越高,说明落叶松比樟子松有更强的竞争能力.但P2、P3和P4预案下,落叶松和樟子松的面积所占比例相差不大,但要高于完全种植落叶松(P1)或樟子松(P)所占的比例.

跨世纪中国粮食面临的问题与对策选择

一、国外和国内粮食发展现状1996年11月13日至17日,世界粮食首脑会议在意大利罗马举行,这次会议是第一次关于粮食问题首脑会议,体现了各国政府对粮食的高度重视,会议通过了《世界粮食安全罗马宣言》和《世界粮食首脑会议行动计划》。呼吁世界各国在国际合作的基础上采取实际行动,确保全球持久的粮食安全。20世纪以来,世界粮食生产取得较大的发展,1951～1987年的47年中,世界谷物总产从6.75亿吨增加到1997年约20亿吨。谷物总产持续增长,其中增长最快1975～1985年年均增长2.97%,90年代以来,世界粮食增长缓慢,1994年比1990年下降0.2%,致使1995年全球粮价普遍上涨,阿根廷上涨15%,美国2号硬小麦上涨16%,在芝加哥,多次出现动用投资资金进行投资购买的活动,造成小麦价格急剧上扬,几乎为十年来最高水平。随着经济的发展与人口的增加,世界粮食的需求也达到有史以来的最高峰,同期由于人口急剧膨胀,全球人口由25.5亿增加到1999年的60亿,净增加34.5亿,年均增长约9000万人,90年代以后,年均新增人口近1亿人,预计到2015年人口达到70亿,2025年将增至80亿,对粮食需求越来越大。由于...

Breaking seasonal limitation: year-round sporogenesis in the brown alga Laminaria saccharina by blocking the transport of putative sporulation inhibitors

Year-round induction of sporogenesis of Laminaria saccharina was performed by mechanically blocking the transport of the putative sporulation inhibitors produced by the blade meristem and culturing the plants in constant short days. Sporogenesis was successfully induced by removal of the blade meristem, either by cultivating distal blade fragments or by performing a transverse cut in the frond. The earliest sorus formation after artificial induction was 10 days. The age of the sporophytes used for induction was 6-11 months or 2 years in tank-grown or field-collected sporophytes, respectively. Zoospores were successfully released in all cases. Thus, by year-round artificial induction of sporogenesis, (1) sporeling production of L. saccharina and thereafter sporophyte cultivation could be achieved without seasonal limitation, and (2) the life cycle of L. saccharina (from spore to spore) could be completed within 8 months under controlled conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tank cultivation of the red alga Palmaria palmata: Year-round induction of tetrasporangia, tetraspore release in darkness and mass cultivation of vegetative thalli

Field-collected tetrasporophytes of Palmaria palmata were tumbled in 300-L outdoor tanks from January to August at ambient daylength or in a constant short-day (SD) regime (8 h light per day), both at 10 or 15 degrees C. Tetrasporangia were massively induced after 2.5 months under SD conditions at 10 degrees C and completely lacking at 15 degrees C, both under SD or ambient daylength conditions, with a few tetrasporangia present at 10 degrees C and ambient daylength. Elongation rates of tagged tetrasporophytic thalli peaked from March to April in all four conditions, when the biomass densities in the outdoor tanks were close to 2.5 kg fresh weight m(-2). Under all four conditions, juvenile proliferations started to appear in June from the margins of the old fronds, and attained approximately 1 cm in length by the end of July. Approximately 80% of the tetraspores were released during the first three dark phases in a light/dark regime, and the remaining 20% during the light phases. A minimum of 10 min darkness was observed to trigger spore release. White light inhibited tetraspore release, while a similar number of spores were released in continuous red light or in the light/dark regime, although with no significant differences of spore release during subjective days and nights. Sporelings were successfully derived from the released tetraspores for mass propagation of the male gametophyte in 2000-L outdoor tanks in a greenhouse. Mass production of male gametophytic sporelings of P. palmata was completed two times by SD induction of tetrasporangia at 10 degrees C, release of spores in darkness and culturing the sporelings until they were ready to be propagated vegetatively in greenhouse tanks. One experiment lasted from January to October 2001, with spore release in June, and the second from September to April 2003, with spore release in January. These results may support the development of sustainable, year-round Palmaria farming. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Impact of Brunswick river mouth training walls on adjacent beaches, Brunswick heads, New South Wales, Australia

River training walls have been built at scores of locations along the NSW coast and their impacts on shoreline change are still not fully understood. In this study, the Brunswick River entrance and adjacent beaches are selected for examination of the impact of the construction of major training walls. Thirteen sets of aerial photographs taken between 1947 and 1994 are used in a CIS approach to accurately determine tire shoreline Position, beach contours and sand volumes, and their changes in both time and space, and then to assess the contribution of both tire structures and natural hydrodynamic conditions to large scale (years-decades and kilometres) beach changes. The impact of the training walls can be divided into four stages: natural conditions prior to their construction (pre 1959), major downdrift erosion and updrift accretion during and. following the construction of the walls in 1959 similar to 1962 and 1966. diminishing impact of the walls between 1966 and 1987, and finally no apparent impact between 1987 similar to 1994. The impact extends horizontally about 8 km updrift and 17 km downdrift, and temporally up to 25 years..

油气流线模拟方法研究与系统研制

The modeling of petroleum flow path (petroleum charging) and the detail of corresponding software development are presented in this paper, containing principle of petroleum charging, quantitative method, and practical modeling in two oil fields. The Modeling of Petroleum Flow Path is based on the result of basin modeling, according to the principle of petroleum migrating along the shortest path from the source to trap, Petroleum System Dynamics (Prof. Wu Chonglong, 1998), the concept of Petroleum Migration and Dynamic Accumulation (Zhou Donyan, Li Honhui, 2002), etc. The simulation is done combing with all parameters of basin, and considering the flow potential, non-uniformity of source and porous layer. It's the extending of basin modeling, but not belong to it. It is a powerful simulating tool of petroleum system, and can express quantitatively every kind of geology elements of a petroleum basin, and can recuperate dynamically the geology processes with 3D graphics. At result, we can give a result that the petroleum flow shows itself the phenomena of main path, and without using the special theory such as deflection flow in fractures(Tian Kaiming, 1989, 1994, Zhang Fawang, Hou Xingwei, 1998), and flow potential(England, 1987). The contour map of petroleum flow quantitative show clearly where the coteau - dividing slot is, and which convergence region are the main flow path of petroleum, and where is the favorable play of petroleum. The farsighted trap can be determined if there are enough information about structural diagram and can be evaluated, such as the entrapment extent, spill point, area, oil column thickness, etc. Making full use of the result of basin modeling with this new tool, the critical moment and scheme of the petroleum generation and expulsion can be showed clearly. It's powerful analysis tool for geologist.