Corporate Citizenship: What are the Social Responsibilities of Australian Business? School of Social Work and Applied Human Sciences Occasional Paper Series No. 6

Corporate Citizenship: What are the Social Responsibilities of Australian Business? School of Social Work and Applied Human Sciences Occasional Paper Series No. 6

AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS EDUCADORES BOLCHEVIQUES NA CONCRETIZAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO SOVIÉTICA

O presente trabalho, ligado à linha de Políticas e Gestão Educacional, examina o período histórico de 1917 a 1930, em que educadores bolcheviques influenciaram a educação soviética em pleno processo de construção da sociedade revolucionária. Esse importante contexto histórico gerou o interesse pelo tema remetendo este estudo a um período atravessado por discussões educacionais. Assim, procurou-se pesquisar quais foram os educadores que contribuíram para o avanço da educação soviética, o que foi pensado por eles e quais ideias sobre educação foram concretizadas por intermédio de políticas educacionais. Por meio de um estudo da época revolucionária da Rússia, buscou-se apresentar os princípios educacionais de Moisey Mikhaylovic Pistrak (1888-1940), Nadejda Konstantinovna Krupskaya (1869-1939) e Anatóli Lunatcharsky (1875-1933). Tentou-se apurar se as propostas de alguns desses educadores (ou de todos) para a época contribuíram ativamente na implantação da prática pedagógica socialista, fundada no marxismo. Cada um com suas práticas e estudos ajudou a construir o que se conhece na história como uma pedagogia socialista, baseada na ideia do coletivo vinculada ao movimento mais amplo de transformação social. A hipótese sobre a importância prática desses autores foi investigada ao longo do trabalho. A pesquisa intentou contribuir com uma reflexão acerca dos valores possíveis na educação contemporânea, que idealmente deveria valorizar o trabalho do ser humano e as relações de caráter humanitário entre os homens. Contudo, no contexto local não se conseguiu ter acesso, ainda, a uma grande quantidade de estudos relacionados ao tema. Não obstante esse fato, a pesquisa justifica-se como uma análise do período histórico conhecido por sua importância para a evolução da sociedade contemporânea. Parte-se da suposição de que no período pós-revolucionário aconteceu grande efervescência intelectual e cultural, gerando inúmeras propostas diferenciadas nos terrenos da organização escolar, da ação pedagógica, da relação escola-sociedade, da relação escola-unidades de produção, da relação entre educação e cidadania socialista etc. No decorrer da pesquisa, para estudar cada educador, foi preciso buscar em suas obras a presença de quatro temas relevantes no debate soviético daquele período: a nova sociedade soviética (papel dominante do Estado, declínio no papel da igreja e da família, reivindicação do sistema econômico de participação na educação); a organização do ensino por meio da abordagem de problemas (sistema modular); o processo de revolução cultural e a construção do novo homem; e a politecnia. Para fundamentar os temas, foi necessário caracterizar a posição do pensamento e a ação educacional de cada autor. Na abordagem dos temas, buscou-se também outros autores interessados pela educação soviética e pelas correntes doutrinárias no terreno da educação. Considera-se que a pesquisa contribuirá à academia, ao estudo da pedagogia e da política educacional, e à compreensão do pensamento dos educadores bolcheviques.

Immigration, asylum and citizenship in Germany: the impact of unification and the Berlin Republic

In recent years, there has been much debate over whether post-unification Germany, often termed the 'Berlin Republic', represents a substantive change from the 'Bonn Republic ', that is, West Germany. This article analyses Germany's immigration and citizenship policy against this background by examining various dimensions of immigration before and after unification. The article argues that both unification itself and Germany's changed international environment have resulted in far-reaching changes in policy, which have forced a reappraisal of Germany's traditional self-image as a 'non-immigration country'.

A study of organizational citizenship behaviors in a retail setting

This study investigates the potential antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in a retail setting. Much remains unknown about the factors affecting OCBs in retail settings. Several characteristics of retail jobs, as compared with other organizational behavior contexts, suggest the need to examine antecedents of OCBs. Job attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment) are proposed as direct predictors of OCBs. Leadership support, professional development, and empowerment are posited as indirect predictors of OCBs and direct predictors of job attitudes. The possible moderating impacts of employee demographics and job types on the modeled relationships are also examined. The research hypotheses are tested using data collected from 211 frontline employees who work in a retail setting. The employees have customer-contact roles in the upscale food and grocery retailer that participated in the study. The pattern of results is more complex than hypothesized. Job attitudes are related to OCBs but the mediating role of job attitudes is not supported. The relationships between leadership support, professional development, and empowerment, and OCBs and job attitudes differ systematically. Evidence of how employee demographics can alter the modeled relationships is also presented. The findings have significant implications for the theory and practice of managing frontline employees. Limitations of the study are discussed and a program of further research is sketched. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

High-performance human resource practices, citizenship behaviour and organizational performance:A relational perspective

Taking a relational perspective on the employment relationship, we examined processes (mediation and moderation) linking high-performance human resource practices and productivity and turnover, two indicators of organizational performance. Multilevel analysis of data from hotels in the People's Republic of China revealed that service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) partially mediated the relationships between high-performance human resource practices and both performance indicators. Unemployment rate moderated the service-oriented OCB-turnover relationship, and business strategy (service quality) moderated the service-oriented OCB-productivity relationship. Copyright of the Academy of Management, all rights reserved.

Workplace justice, citizenship behavior, and turnover intentions in a union context: examining the mediating role of perceived union support and union instrumentality

This study examined the relationship between workplace justice afforded by the grievance system and the union outcomes of citizenship behavior and turnover intentions and the mechanisms that underpin these relationships. Respondents (N = 187) were members of a large public sector union in Singapore. Results revealed that perceived union support and union instrumentality fully mediated the relationship between the dimensions of workplace justice and citizenship behavior directed toward the union (OCBO) and citizenship behavior directed at other union members (OCBI). Union instrumentality partially mediated the procedural justice–turnover intentions relationship.

Antecedents of leader-member exchange and explanation of its relationship with citizenship behavior

This study examined personal/interpersonal antecedents of leader-member exchange (LMX) and why and how LMX is related to the helping and voice dimensions of citizenship behavior. The results indicate that: (i) proactive personality and supervisor trust in employee were significant antecedents of LMX; (ii) the psychological empowerment dimension of autonomy partially mediated the LMX-helping relationship whereas the LMX-voice relationship was fully mediated the by autonomy and impact dimensions of psychological empowerment; and (iii) organization-based self-esteem more strongly moderated the LMX-helping relationship relative to the LMX-voice relationship.

Organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment in Nepal

The present study examines the structure of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and its relation to organizational commitment in Nepal. Four-hundred and fifty employees of five Nepalese organizations filled out standardized questionnaires. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed two factors of OCB, altruism and compliance, replicating Western models of extra-role behavior. Structural equation analysis showed a positive relation between affective and normative commitment on the one hand and both citizenship factors on the other. Continuance commitment was negatively related to compliance and unrelated to altruism. The findings thus confirmed the structure and usefulness of the concepts in an under-researched geographical area. Findings of the research are discussed within the Nepalese sociocultural context. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd with the Asian Association of Social Psychology and the Japanese Group Dynamics Association 2005.

Corruption in the post-Soviet workplace: the experiences of recent graduates in contemporary Ukraine

While Ukraine was bestowed market economy status by the European Union in 2005 its labour market still endures many structural problems. By exploring the experiences of young graduate employees this article highlights the difficultly in obtaining work within Ukraine's labour market and the problems they face once they have secured employment. Rather than seeing the development of a transparent labour market the collapse of the command economy has seen a relatively closed system develop. The article demonstrates how many jobs are secured through the use of connections or the demanding, and payment, of bribes.The situation does not improve once graduates obtain long-term employment. Interviewees discuss the lack of job security, the informal payment of wages and the lack of legal protection from corrupt employer practices. The article has broader resonance outside of the Ukrainian case study as the discussion of workplace corruption highlights how the issue is concerned with much more than simply cash based transactions and how those that endure it are likely to turn to the informal economy for employment.

Babies, bodies and entitlement: gendered aspects of access to citizenship in the Republic of Ireland

Since the mid-1990s, automatic citizenship for children born in the Republic has been a source of growing debate against a backdrop of increasing immigration and the peace process. In June 2004, the debate culminated in a referendum, opening the way to a constitutional amendment that attaches residence qualifications to the hitherto unfettered entitlement to citizenship available through ius soli. Arguments for the amendment were couched in terms of a threat posed by Third World women having babies in Ireland to obtain residence, and a putative obligation to the EU to harmonise citizenship laws. This article explores how pregnant foreign women’s bodies became a site of perplexity about the borders of the twenty-first century Irish nation. It is therefore suggested that neither the ‘racial state’ theories nor feminist theories of the nation-state account fully for this. On closer inspection, the seemingly sui generis case of the Irish referendum is therefore fruitful in that it demands further reflection in terms of bridging gaps in the existing theory.

The informal economy in the former Soviet Union and in Central and Eastern Europe

Guest editors' introduction