Selected polymorphisms in sex hormone-related genes, circulating sex hormones and risk of endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: The role of estrogen and progesterone in the development of endometrial cancer is well documented. Few studies have examined the association of genetic variants in sex hormone-related genes with endometrial cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within three cohorts to examine the association of endometrial cancer risk with polymorphisms in hormone-related genes among 391 cases (92% postmenopausal at diagnosis) and 712 individually-matched controls. We also examined the association of these polymorphisms with circulating levels of sex hormones and SHBG in a cross-sectional analysis including 596 healthy postmenopausal women at blood donation (controls from this nested case-control study and from a nested case-control study of breast cancer in one of the three cohorts). RESULTS: Adjusting for endometrial cancer risk factors, the A allele of rs4775936 in CYP19 was significantly associated (OR(per allele)=1.22, 95% CI=1.01-1.47, p(trend)=0.04), while the T allele of rs10046 was marginally associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer (OR(per allele)=1.20, 95% CI=0.99-1.45, p(trend)=0.06). PGR rs1042838 was also marginally associated with risk (OR(per allele)=1.25, 95% CI=0.96-1.61, p(trend)=0.09). No significant association was found for the other polymorphisms, i.e. CYP1B1 rs1800440 and rs1056836, UGT1A1 rs8175347, SHBG rs6259 and ESR1 rs2234693. Rs8175347 was significantly associated with postmenopausal levels of estradiol, free estradiol and estrone and rs6259 with SHBG and estradiol. CONCLUSION: Our findings support an association between genetic variants in CYP19, and possibly PGR, and risk of endometrial cancer.

Targeting burn prevention in the paediatric population : a prospective study of children's burns in the Lausanne area.

QUESTION UNDER STUDY: Domestic accidents are an important problem in paediatric medicine. This study was designed to gain a better understanding of burn mechanisms and target prevention. METHODS: Children treated for burn lesions in the Department of Paediatric Surgery between August 2004 and August 2005 were included in this prospective study. The burn mechanisms, the children's ages and the circumstances in which children were burned as well as their home environment variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The current study included eighty-nine patients, aged between 2 months and 15 years. Seventy-eight percent were less than 5 years old. More than half were boys. Hot liquid scalding was the most frequent mechanism. There does not seem to be an increased risk in the immigrant population or in low economic status families. In most cases, an adult person was present at time of injury. CONCLUSIONS: If we were to describe the highest "at risk" candidate for a burn in our region, it would be a boy aged 15 months to 5 years who is burned by a cup of hot liquid on his hand, at home, around mealtime, in the presence of one or both parents. Reduced attention in the safe domestic setting is probably responsible.

Temperature-induced sex reversal is not responsible for sex-ratio distortions in grayling Thymallus thymallus or brown trout Salmo trutta.

On the basis of the experiments carried out over various years, it was concluded that (1) grayling Thymallus thymallus and brown trout Salmo trutta are resistant to temperature-induced sex reversal at ecologically relevant temperatures, (2) environmental sex reversal is unlikely to cause the persistent sex ratio distortion observed in at least one of the study populations and (3) sex-specific tolerance of temperature-related stress may be the cause of distorted sex ratios in populations of T. thymallus or S. trutta.

Persistent unequal sex ratio in a population of grayling (salmonidae) and possible role of temperature increase.

In some fishes, water chemistry or temperature affects sex determination or creates sex-specific selection pressures. The resulting population sex ratios are hard to predict from laboratory studies if the environmental triggers interact with other factors, whereas in field studies, singular observations of unusual sex ratios may be particularly prone to selective reporting. Long-term monitoring largely avoids these problems. We studied a population of grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in Lake Thun, Switzerland, that has been monitored since 1948. Samples of spawning fish have been caught about 3 times/week around spawning season, and water temperature at the spawning site has been continuously recorded since 1970. We used scale samples collected in different years to determine the average age of spawners (for life-stage specific analyses) and to identify the cohort born in 2003 (an extraordinarily warm year). Recent tissue samples were genotyped on microsatellite markers to test for genetic bottlenecks in the past and to estimate the genetically effective population size (N(e) ). Operational sex ratios changed from approximately 65% males before 1993 to approximately 85% males from 1993 to 2011. Sex ratios correlated with the water temperatures the fish experienced in their first year of life. Sex ratios were best explained by the average temperature juvenile fish experienced during their first summer. Grayling abundance is declining, but we found no evidence of a strong genetic bottleneck that would explain the apparent lack of evolutionary response to the unequal sex ratio. Results of other studies show no evidence of endocrine disruptors in the study area. Our findings suggest temperature affects population sex ratio and thereby contributes to population decline. Persistencia de Proporción de Sexos Desigual en una Población de Tímalos (Salmonidae) y el Posible Papel del Incremento de la Temperatura.

Fluoroscopic-Guided Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound Without Guide Sheath For Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Safe And Efficient Combination.

BACKGROUND: Several guidelines recommend computed tomography scans for populations with high-risk for lung cancer. The number of individuals evaluated for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) will probably increase, and with it non-surgical biopsies. Associating a guidance method with a target confirmation technique has been shown to achieve the highest diagnostic yield, but the utility of bronchoscopy with radial probe endobronchial ultrasound using fluoroscopy as guidance without a guide sheath has not been reported. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of bronchoscopy with radial probe endobronchial ultrasound using fluoroscopy procedures for the investigation of PPL performed by experienced bronchoscopists with no specific previous training in this particular technique. Operator learning curves and radiological predictors were assessed for all consecutive patients examined during the first year of application of the technique. RESULTS: Fifty-one PPL were investigated. Diagnostic yield and visualization yield were 72.5 and 82.3% respectively. The diagnostic yield was 64.0% for PPL ≤20mm, and 80.8% for PPL>20mm. No false-positive results were recorded. The learning curve of all diagnostic tools showed a DY of 72.7% for the first sub-group of patients, 81.8% for the second, 72.7% for the third, and 81.8% for the last. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy with radial probe endobronchial ultrasound using fluoroscopy as guidance is safe and simple to perform, even without specific prior training, and diagnostic yield is high for PPL>and ≤20mm. Based on these findings, this method could be introduced as a first-line procedure for the investigation of PPL, particularly in centers with limited resources.

Sex- and melanism-specific variations in the oxidative status of adult tawny owls in response to manipulated reproductive effort.

Oxidative stress, determined by the balance between the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences, is hypothesized to play an important role in shaping the cost of reproduction and life history trade-offs. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated reproductive effort in 94 breeding pairs of tawny owls (Strix aluco) to investigate the sex- and melanism-specific effects on markers of oxidative stress in red blood cells (RBCs). This colour polymorphic bird species shows sex-specific division of labour and melanism-specific history strategies. Brood sizes at hatching were experimentally enlarged or reduced to increase or decrease reproductive effort, respectively. We obtained an integrative measure of the oxidative balance by measuring ROS production by RBCs, intracellular antioxidant glutathione levels and membrane resistance to ROS. We found that light melanic males (the sex undertaking offspring food provisioning) produced more ROS than darker conspecifics, but only when rearing an enlarged brood. In both sexes, light melanic individuals had also a larger pool of intracellular antioxidant glutathione than darker owls under relaxed reproductive conditions (i.e. reduced brood), but not when investing substantial effort in current reproduction (enlarged brood). Finally, resistance to oxidative stress was differently affected by the brood size manipulation experiment in males and females independently of their plumage coloration. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that reproductive effort can alter the oxidative balance in a sex- and colour-specific way. This further emphasizes the close link between melanin-based coloration and life history strategies.

historiae ecclesiasticae gentis Anglorum libri quinque : authore Beda, Presbytero ; praemittitur epitaphium discipulorum sex sancti Gregorii, Papae.

Colbertinus

historiae Longobardorum libri sex : initio et ad calcem occurrunt folia aliquot loco suo mota ; authoris nomen non comparet, is autem est Paulus Diaconus.

Faurianus

1.° Petri Pauli Vergerii, Justinopolitani, liber de politia Venetorum, eorumque legibus ac moribus, urbis situ, naturaque regionis. — 2.° Ejusdem liber de situ veteris Romae. — 3.° Anonymi chronica Italica. — 4.° Historiae ecclesiasticae omnium temporum libri sex : authore anonymo. — 5.° Sexti Rufi, viri Consularis, historiae Romanae breviarium. — 6.° Benevenuti de Rambaldis, Imolensis, liber augustalis de vitis Caesarum.

Faurianus

sancti Gregorii Turonensis historiae Francorum libri novem : primus liber integer, secundi sex priora capitula et alia passim desiderantur : ad calcem libri noni subjicitur Fredegarii chronicon ab anno quo desierat Gregorius, deductum ad annum 656. quod quidem à variis authoribus productum fuit ad annum 741. porrò chronicon Fredegarii cum additamentis, decimus Gregorii Turonensis liber in hoc codice inscribitur.

Colbertinus

rerum Sicanicarum libri sex : authore Francisco Maurolyco, Abbate Messanensi ; exemplar autographum.

Colbertinus

1.° L. Annaei Senecae libri duo de clementia, ad Neronem. — 2.° Ejusdem epistolarum libri viginti duo. — 3.° Ejusdem liber de remediis fortuitorum, ad Gallionem. — 4.° Ejusdem liber de septem liberalibus artibus. — 5.° Ejusdem, sive potiùs, Martini Dumiensis liber de quatuor virtutibus. — 6.° Declamationum libri decem. — 7.° L. Annaei Senecae libri sex de quaestionibus naturalibus. — 8.° Proverbia, sive Senecae, Publii Syri et aliorum sententiae. — 9.° Liber de moribus. — 10.° Senecae de beneficiis libri septem. — 11.° Ejusdem libri duo de providentia. — 12.° Ejusdem liber de beata vita, ad Gallionem. — 13.° Ejusdem liber de tranquillitate animi, ad Serenum. — 14.° Ejusdem liber de brevitate vitae, ad Paulinum. — 15.° Ejusdem de ira libri tres, ad Novatum. — 16.° Ejusdem liber de consolatione ad Martiam. — 17.° Ejusdem liber de consolatione ad Helviam matrem. — 18.° Pauli et Senecae epistolae mutuae supposititiae.

Colbertinus, antea Jacobi Augusti Thuani

1.° L. Annaei Senecae de quaestionibus naturalibus libri septem. — 2.° Fragmentum Adelardi, Bathensis, de quibusdam quaestionibus naturalibus. — 3.° Collatio Alexandri Magni et Dyndimi, Regis Brachmannorum, de philosophia, facta per litteras. — 4.° Senecae libri septem de beneficiis. — 5.° Ejusdem, sive potiùs, Martini Dumiensis liber de quatuor virtutibus. — 6.° Senecae liber de remediis fortuitorum. — 7.° Liber de verborum copia, qui Senecae tribuitur. — 8.° Ejusdem de clementia libri duo. — 9.° Pauli et Senecae epistolae mutuae supposititiae. — 10.° Senecae, Publii Syri et aliorum sententiae. — 11.° Senecae epistolae ad Lucilium centum viginti et sex.

Colbertinus, antea Jacobi Augusti Thuani

Alberti Magni tractatus de animalibus ; sex et viginti libris.

Colbertinus

1.° Anonymi mythologicon. — 2.° Summa poenitentiae, sex libris : authore anonymo. — Hujusce codicis pars decimo tertio, pars undecimo saeculo videtur exarata.

Ludovici de Targny