A Chloro-Bridged Linear Chain Imine-Copper(II) Complex and Its Application as an Enzyme-Free Amperometric Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development and Evaluation of a Nanoporous Iron (Hydr)oxide Electrode for Phosphate Sensing

Nanoporous iron (hydr) oxide electrodes are evaluated as phosphate sensors using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The intensity of the reduction peak current (I-cp) of the ferrihydrite working electrode is tied to phosphate concentration at low pH; however, a hematite electrode combined with the use of EIS provided reliable sensing data at multiple pH values. Nanoporous hematite working electrodes produced an impedance phase component (theta) that shifts with increasing phosphate, and, at chosen frequencies, theta values were fitted for the range 1 nM to 0.1 mM phosphate at pH 4 and pH 7 in 5 mM NaClO4.

DNA repair gene polymorphism is associated with the genetic basis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

Background: Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial process that appears to be caused by the interaction of environmental risk factors with multiple predisposing genes. It is nowadays accepted that increased levels of DNA damage induced by xenobiotics play an important role in the early phases of atherogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we focus on determining whether genetic variations in xenobiotic-metabolizing [glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), cytochrome P450 IIEI (CYP2E1)] and DNA repair [X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1)] genes might be associated with increased risk for CAD. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 400 individuals who underwent subjected to coronary angiography. A total of 299 were patients diagnosed with effective coronary atherosclerosis (case group; >20% obstructive lesion), and 101 (control group) were individuals diagnosed as negative for CAD (<20% obstructive lesions). The polymorphism identifications for GSTM1 and GSTT1, and for CYP2E1 and XRCC1 genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and by PCR-RFLP, respectively. Results and conclusions: The XRCC1 homozygous wild-type genotype Arg/Arg for codon 399 was statistically less pronounced in the case subjects (21.4%) than in controls (38.5%); individuals with the variant XRCC1 genotype had a 2.3-fold increased risk for coronary atherosclerosis than individuals with the wild-type genotype (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.13-4.69). Conversely, no association between GSTM1, GSTT1, and CYP2E1gene polymorphisms and coronary atherosclerosis was detected. The results provide evidence of the role of DNA damage and repair in cardiovascular disease. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemometric analysis of Hymenoptera toxins and defensins: A model for predicting the biological activity of novel peptides from venoms and hemolymph

When searching for prospective novel peptides, it is difficult to determine the biological activity of a peptide based only on its sequence. The trial and error approach is generally laborious, expensive and time consuming due to the large number of different experimental setups required to cover a reasonable number of biological assays. To simulate a virtual model for Hymenoptera insects, 166 peptides were selected from the venoms and hemolymphs of wasps, bees and ants and applied to a mathematical model of multivariate analysis, with nine different chemometric components: GRAVY, aliphaticity index, number of disulfide bonds, total residues, net charge, pI value, Boman index, percentage of alpha helix, and flexibility prediction. Principal component analysis (PCA) with non-linear iterative projections by alternating least-squares (NIPALS) algorithm was performed, without including any information about the biological activity of the peptides. This analysis permitted the grouping of peptides in a way that strongly correlated to the biological function of the peptides. Six different groupings were observed, which seemed to correspond to the following groups: chemotactic peptides, mastoparans, tachykinins, kinins, antibiotic peptides, and a group of long peptides with one or two disulfide bonds and with biological activities that are not yet clearly defined. The partial overlap between the mastoparans group and the chemotactic peptides, tachykinins, kinins and antibiotic peptides in the PCA score plot may be used to explain the frequent reports in the literature about the multifunctionality of some of these peptides. The mathematical model used in the present investigation can be used to predict the biological activities of novel peptides in this system, and it may also be easily applied to other biological systems. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Integration of Genomics in Cancer Care

Purpose: The article aims to introduce nurses to how genetics-genomics is currently integrated into cancer care from prevention to treatment and influencing oncology nursing practice. Organizing Construct: An overview of genetics-genomics is described as it relates to cancer etiology, hereditary cancer syndromes, epigenetics factors, and management of care considerations. Methods: Peer-reviewed literature and expert professional guidelines were reviewed to address concepts of genetics-genomics in cancer care. Findings: Cancer is now known to be heterogeneous at the molecular level, with genetic and genomic factors underlying the etiology of all cancers. Understanding how these factors contribute to the development and treatment of both sporadic and hereditary cancers is important in cancer risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management and surveillance. Conclusions: Rapidly developing advances in genetics-genomics are changing all aspects of cancer care, with implications for nursing practice. Clinical Relevance: Nurses can educate cancer patients and their families about genetic-genomic advances and advocate for use of evidence-based genetic-genomic practice guidelines to reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes in cancer management. © 2013 Sigma Theta Tau International.

The Vampirome: Transcriptome and proteome analysis of the principal and accessory submaxillary glands of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, a vector of human rabies

Vampire bats are notorious for being the sole mammals that strictly feed on fresh blood for their survival. While their saliva has been historically associated with anticoagulants, only one antihemostatic (plasminogen activator) has been molecularly and functionally characterized. Here, RNAs from both principal and accessory submaxillary (submandibular) salivary glands of Desmodus rotundus were extracted, and ~. 200. million reads were sequenced by Illumina. The principal gland was enriched with plasminogen activators with fibrinolytic properties, members of lipocalin and secretoglobin families, which bind prohemostatic prostaglandins, and endonucleases, which cleave neutrophil-derived procoagulant NETs. Anticoagulant (tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI), vasodilators (PACAP and C-natriuretic peptide), and metalloproteases (ADAMTS-1) were also abundantly expressed. Members of the TSG-6 (anti-inflammatory), antigen 5/CRISP, and CCL28-like (antimicrobial) protein families were also sequenced. Apyrases (which remove platelet agonist ADP), phosphatases (which degrade procoagulant polyphosphates), and sphingomyelinase were found at lower transcriptional levels. Accessory glands were enriched with antimicrobials (lysozyme, defensin, lactotransferrin) and protease inhibitors (TIL-domain, cystatin, Kazal). Mucins, heme-oxygenase, and IgG chains were present in both glands. Proteome analysis by nano LC-MS/MS confirmed that several transcripts are expressed in the glands. The database presented herein is accessible online at http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/D_rotundus/Supplemental-web.xlsx. These results reveal that bat saliva emerges as a novel source of modulators of vascular biology. Biological significance: Vampire bat saliva emerges as a novel source of antihemostatics which modulate several aspects of vascular biology. © 2013.

The meaning of evidence-based management to brazilian senior nurse leaders

Purpose: The study objective was to understand the meaning of evidence-based management for senior nurse leaders in accredited, public hospitals in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Design and Method: A phenomenological approach was used to analyze interviews conducted with 10 senior nurse leaders between August 2011 and March 2012. The analytic method was developed by the Brazilian phenomenologist, Martins. Findings: Senior nurse leaders described how they critically appraise many sources of evidence when making managerial decisions. They emphasized the importance of working with their teams to locally adapt and evaluate best evidence associated with managerial decision making and organizational innovations. Their statements also demonstrated how they use evidence-based management to support the adoption of evidence-based practices. They did not, however, provide specific strategies for seeking out and obtaining evidence. Notable challenges were traditional cultures and rigid bureaucracies, while major facilitators included accreditation, teamwork, and shared decision making. Conclusions: Evidence-based management necessitates a continuous process of locating, implementing, and evaluating evidence. In this study leaders provided multiple, concrete examples of all these processes except seeking out and locating evidence. They also gave examples of other leadership skills associated with successful adoption of evidence-based practice and management, particularly interdisciplinary teamwork and shared decision making. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates senior nurse leaders' awareness and utilization of evidence-based management. The study also suggests what aspects of evidence-based management need further development, such as more active identification of potential, new organizational innovations. © 2013 Sigma Theta Tau International.

Reticulados modulares em espaços euclidianos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise de polimorfismo de marcadores microssatélites do cromossomo 6 em raças bubalinas comerciais do Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de apitoxina por abelhas Apis mellifera L. e seu efeito na expressão de genes relacionados ao estresse

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mindware semiótico-comunicativo: campos conceituais no ensino de física para deficientes visuais utilizando uma interface cérebro-computador

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Contagem de células somáticas no leite de búfalas e sua aplicação na seleção para resistência à mastite

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eficácia clínica da vacina tetravalente (RRV-TV) contra rotavírus em Belém, Pará

Acumulam-se evidências presentemente, indicando que o efetivo controle das gastroenterites por rotavírus só poderá ser alcançado com o advento de um imunizante eficaz para uso nos primeiros meses de vida. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia da vacina geneticamente rearranjada, rhesus-humana, tetravalente (RRV-TV, 4 X 10(4) pfu/dose) frente aos parâmetros clínicos mais relevantes das gastroenterites por rotavírus, procedeu-se ao reexame de 91 episódios diarréicos em crianças no âmbito de uma investigação prévia conduzida em Belém, Pará, Brasil. As informações para o estudo foram obtidas a partir de dados contidos em fichas utilizadas na rotina de vigilância dos episódios diarréicos, bem como daqueles com registro clínico diário enquanto persistisse a diarréia. A eficácia relativa foi especificamente avaliada frente aos seguintes indicadores clínicos de gravidade: a) duração da diarréia; b) número máximo de evacuações líquidas/semilíquidas por dia; c) duração dos vômitos; d) número máximo de vômitos/24h; e) febre (temperatura retal); f) desidratação; e g) necessidade de tratamento. A gravidade clínica global das gastroenterites por rotavírus foi determinada por um sistema de escores (somatória máxima de 20 pontos) que permitiu classificar os episódios diarréicos em: leves (0-8), moderados a severos (9-14) e muito graves (>14). Uma significativa (p<0,05) proteção conferida pela RRV-TV foi observada em cinco das sete condições clínicas avaliadas, quais sejam: a) duração da diarréia (episódios puros, eficácia de 52%); b) número máximo de evacuações líquidas/semilíquidas por dia (todos os episódios, 42% e os puros, 53%); c) número máximo de vômitos (todos, 56% e os puros, 62%); d) desidratação (todos, 46%) Elevados índices de proteção foram obtidos frente aos episódios associados ao sorotipo G2, durante o segundo ano de acompanhamento, se considerados o número máximo e a duração de vômitos: 90% e 100% respectivamente. Ainda em relação ao tipo G2, a eficácia cumulativa foi de 100% contra os episódios com escore clínico >14. Taxas similares de eficácia frente às infecções mistas (35%) e puras (37%) foram registradas nos dois anos de estudo. Embora não se tenha registrado proteção quanto aos casos leves (escores de 0 a 8), a RRV0TV foi 75% (p=0,02) eficaz contra os episódios mais graves de gastroenterites por rotavírus; houve tendência à proteção contra todos os quadros diarréicos e os puros, com escores clínicos de 9 a 14: 44% (p=0,06) e 45% (p=0,08), respectivamente. Os resultados do estudo sustentam o conceito vigente de que a RRV-TV parece proteger seletivamente contra os quadros diarréicos revestidos de maior gravidade clínica.

Efeito do inseticida fipronil em abelhas africanizadas e na expressão de gene relacionado ao sistema imunológico

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ