O espaço fórum como apoio na formação da rede intersetorial regional em saúde mental: desafios e potencialidades

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Policies and care provision in Latin America: A view of regional experiences

This study identifies the key challenges facing the region in the domain of care provision. To that end it describes, analyses and discusses the concept of care, the rights approach and the public policies implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean on the social organization of care. The document describes care policies in the region generally, and it specifically analyses experiences of the social organization of care provision in four countries. In Chile, it studies the Chile Crece Contigo national child-care programme; in Costa Rica it reviews the National Care Network; in Ecuador, it analyses the recognition of unpaid reproductive work in the 2008 Constitution and the National Plan for Good Living; and in Uruguay it considers the National Care System.

Study on the vulnerability and resilience of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

Caribbean Small Island Developing States are considered to be particularly vulnerable to external shocks that stem from changes in climate and the increase in frequency and magnitude of natural disasters. Quantification of the extent of vulnerability of these islands may be measured by the use of several indices including the Economic Vulnerability Index (EcVI), the Disaster Deficit Index (DDI), the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The capacity to build resilience may be measured by the Economic Resilience Index (ERI). Of importance in the measurement of vulnerability and resilience is the impact on women and children. In order to reduce vulnerability and promote resilience, Caribbean SIDS are urged to develop adaptation strategies. Such strategies include the conduct of indepth studies on natural environmental impacts specifically in terms of biophysical and socio economic impacts. It is also necessary to review best practices in terms of preparedness, resilience building and climate change adaptation in other countries such as Cuba. Addressing vulnerability and building resilience requires appropriate information and data and priority should be given to addressing data gaps. It would also be expedient to classify vulnerability and resilience as regional public goods wherein one country’s benefit does not compromise another country’s ability to benefit. Finally, it is important to acknowledge that vulnerability is, in part, is a function of gender so that indicators need to be disaggregated to reflect the country-specific gendered socioeconomic situation.

A study on energy issues in the Caribbean: potential for mitigating climate change

The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) is seeking to provide support to the Governments of Guyana, Jamaica and Barbados in researching the potential for employing renewable energy technologies to mitigate climate change. This exercise involves the study of different types of renewable technologies and mitigative strategies, with the aim of making recommendations to the governments on the development of their renewable energy sector. The recommendations may also assist in achieving their long-term objectives of reducing poverty and promoting healthy economies and sustainable livelihoods in keeping with the Millennium Development Goals. Guyana, Jamaica and Barbados each face common and specific challenges in their efforts to adequately define and implement their energy and climate policies, in a way that allows them to contribute to the mitigation effort against climate change, while promoting sustainable development within their countries. Each country has demonstrated an understanding of the global and national challenges pertaining to climate change. They have attempted to address these challenges through policies and various programmes implemented by local and international agencies. Documented and undocumented policies have sought to outline the directions to be taken by each territory as they seek to deploy new technologies to address issues related to energy and the environment. While all territories have sought to deploy multiple alternate and renewable technologies simultaneously, it is clear that, given their sizes and resource limitations, no one territory can achieve excellence in all these areas. Guyana has demonstrated the greatest potential for hydro energy and should pursue it as their main area of expertise. The country also has an additional major strategy that includes forest credits and the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) programme. This approach will be brought to the negotiation table in the upcoming climate change meeting in Copenhagen in December 2009. Of the three countries, Jamaica has the only active significant wind farm deployment, while Barbados has a long tradition in solar energy. Each country might then supplement their energy and fuel mix with other energy and fuel sources and draw from the experience of other countries. Given the synergies that might accrue from adopting a regional approach, the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) might be well positioned to play a coordinating role. This focus on renewable energy and biofuels should yield good, long-term results as it relates to mitigation against climate change, and good, short- and medium-term results as it relates to the development of sustainable economies. Each country might also achieve energy security, reduced oil dependence, significant reduction in harmful emissions and better foreign exchange management if they pursue good policies and implementation practices. Human and financial resources are critical to the success of planned interventions, and it will be necessary to successfully mobilize these resources in order to be effective in executing key plans.

The CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA): an assessment of issues relating to market access, safeguards and implications for regional integration

The recent collapse of the Doha round once again underscores the tenuous nature of international trade negotiations. Likewise, the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the CARIFORUM grouping and the European Union (EU) has generated a great deal of discussion and debate over the past several months. What has clearly emerged is the existence of two diametrically opposed views on the impact and usefulness of the agreement. One view has it that the EPA is a major breakthrough in trade relations that will greatly benefit the region. On the other hand, some see it as being detrimental to the region and perhaps a total capitulation to the EU on the part of the CARIFORUM. They assert that it is part of a global EU strategy to impose World Trade Organization (WTO) policies on developing nations and get around the Doha obstacles. Both sides in this debate attempt to back up their views with reference to the text of the agreement. The objective of this review is to shed some light on the issues driving this debate particularly in the areas of market access, the impact on tariff revenues, and the implications for regional integration. This review also attempts to clarify and distill some of the main contentious issues regarding the EPA and to inform further discussion regarding an implementation plan. The approach is based on detailed study of the EPA text and its annexes plus extensive interviews with some of the main negotiators on the CARIFORUM side. Interviews were conducted both in person and via the Internet as many of the regional negotiators live or work outside of the region. The reviewer also attended presentations and discussions with some of the leading regional critics of the agreement.

Socio-demographic analysis of youth in the Caribbean- a three country case study

Many Caribbean youth are doing reasonably well. They live in loving and caring families, attend school and are involved in various social activities in their communities. The health and well-being of the children and youth1 in the Caribbean is, and has been, the centre of attention of many studies, meetings and policy directives set at the regional, subregional and national levels. Programmes have been put in place to address the basic needs of young children in the areas of health and education and to provide guidance and directives to youth and adolescents in the area of professional formation and transition to adulthood. Critical issues such as reproductive health and family planning combined with access to education and information on these topics have been promoted to some extent. And finally, the Caribbean is known for rather high school enrolment rates in primary education that hardly show any gender disparities. While the situation is still good for some, growing numbers of children and youth cannot cope anymore with the challenges experienced quite early in their lives. Absent parents, instable care-taking arrangements, violence and aggression subjected to at home, in schools and among their friends, lack of a perspective in schools and the labour-market, early sexual initiation and teenage pregnancies are some of those issues faced by a rising number of young persons in this part of the world. Emotional instability, psychological stress and increased violence are one of the key triggers for increased violence and involvement in crime exhibited by ever younger youth and children. Further, the region is grappling with rising drop-out rates in secondary education, declining quality schooling in the classrooms and increasing numbers of students who leave school without formal certification. Youth unemployment in the formal labour market is high and improving the quality of professional formation along with the provision of adequate employment opportunities would be critical to enable youth to complete consistently and effectively the transition into adulthood and to take advantage of the opportunities to develop and use their human capital in the process. On a rather general note, the region does not suffer from a shortage of policies and programmes to address the very specific needs of children and youth, but the prominent and severe lack of systematic analysis and monitoring of the situation of children, youth and young families in the Caribbean does not allow for targeted and efficient interventions that promise successful outcomes on the long term. In an effort to assist interested governments to fill this analytical gap, various initiatives are underway to enhance data collection and their systematic analysis2. Population and household censuses are conducted every decade and a variety of household surveys, such as surveys of living conditions, labour force surveys and special surveys focusing on particular sub-groups of the population are conducted, dependent on the resources available, to a varying degree in the countries of the region. One such example is the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)-funded Multi-Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) that assess the situation of children and youth in a country. Over the past years and at present, UNICEF has launched a series of surveys in a number of countries in the Caribbean3. But more needs to be done to ensure that the data available is analyzed to provide the empirical background information for evidence-based policy formulation and monitoring of the efficiency and effectiveness of the efforts undertaken.

Avaliação técnica e socioeconômica da cultura da uva para mesa em pequenas propriedades rurais da Regional de Jales (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Logistics observatories and regional integration indicators: the Mesoamerica project

This FAL Bulletin analyses the development of logistics observatories and the construction of regional integration indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean. To this end, it examines experiences, in the region and worldwide, in relation to the construction of indicators and presents a set of policy recommendations for proper implementation. The Mesoamerica Project is used as a case study to construct a set of indicators for logistics infrastructures.

Distribuição regional de gás e tecido na síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda: consequências do efeito da pressão expiratória final positiva

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comparação entre as concentrações de tetraciclina no plasma, líquido sinovial e leite de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa, submetidas à administração intravenosa regional

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Avaliação da atratividade do sorriso em função de enquadramento fotográfico, diferença regional, nível de conhecimento dos avaliadores e variações das normas estéticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nova Alta Paulista, 1930-2006: entre memórias e sonhos. Do desenvolvimento contido ao projeto político de desenvolvimento regional

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Indústria e desenvolvimento regional: a trajetória da perfumarias Phebo em Belém

O atual trabalho é a construção de um estudo cuja área de conhecimento se encontra nos fundamentos da história de empresas, tendo como estudo de caso a Perfumarias Phebo, uma empresa paraense, que se destacou no mercado de perfumaria nacional. O método da pesquisa consistiu no levantamento de informações arquivística referentes a implantação, trajetória histórica e evolução administrativa-financeira da Phebo, no período de 1936 a 1988, realizada a partir de informações disponibilizadas pela empresa, entrevistas e coleta de material. A empresa utilizou o pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Durke), uma matéria-prima oriunda da Amazônia, para criar o seu produto de maior aceitação no mercado, o Sabonete Phebo Odor de Rosas. No contexto de desenvolvimento regional, a perfumaria internalizou o conhecimento baseada no aproveitamento das matérias-primas locais e tornou-se líder no mercado de perfumaria brasileiro com a expansão da sua fábrica para as cidades de São Paulo e Feira de Santana-Ba. Em 1988 a empresa foi vendida para o grupo Procter & Gamble Company, multinacional americana, que por sua vez, em 1998, revendeu a empresa para as Casa Granado, empresa carioca, que atualmente exerce o controle sobre a Phebo.

Incidência de malária no Estado do Pará e suas relações com a variabilidade climática regional

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em realizar um estudo diagnóstico sobre a incidência de malária em quatro diferentes regiões do Pará (Anajás, Itaituba, Santana do Araguaia e Viseu) na Amazônia oriental, buscando suas relações com a variabilidade climática regional, com o crescimento populacional e taxas de desmatamento. Utilizou-se uma série de 35 anos de dados anuais (1970-2005) e 14 anos de dados mensais (1992-2005). Aplicou-se a técnica dos percentis para se estabelecer cinco categorias ou classes da taxa de incidência da malária e precipitação para cada município. Os resultados das análises com os dados anuais mostraram que os municípios apresentam fatores diferenciados que contribuem para o perfil da endemia. O crescimento da população tem relação direta com o aumento da incidência de malária em Anajás, Itaituba e Santana do Araguaia. Em Anajás, o fator precipitação não é determinante na ocorrência da parasitose. Em Santana do Araguaia e Viseu os maiores índices de incidência de malária ocorreram em anos de déficit hídrico. Para Viseu o padrão normal de precipitação também categorizou altas incidências de malária. Em relação ao desmatamento, de 1988 até 1995, as curvas de incidência de malária acompanham as taxas de desmatamento. A partir de 1995, evidenciaram-se anos consecutivos com altos índices de incidência logo após os anos de altas taxas de desmatamento, como registrado em 1995, 2000 e 2004. Análises de composições observacionais montadas com base na seleção objetiva dos índices de ocorrência da malária categorizados pelos percentis, permitiram definir a caracterização anual da variabilidade climática regional em cada um dos quatro municípios. Em geral, anos com altos índices de malaria relacionam-se com a presença de El Niño no Pacífico e Atlântico norte mais quente do que o normal, enquanto que anos com baixos índices de malária associa-se com a ocorrência de La Niña sobre o Pacífico e nenhum sinal significativo no Oceano Atlântico. Os resultados das análises com os dados mensais, usando a técnica de composições de canários montados com base nos eventos climáticos observados nos Oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico, possibilitaram a investigação da resposta destes mecanismos na evolução mensal da incidência de malária no Pará. A composição dos eventos El Niño demonstrou a ocorrência de impactos "negativos" (aumento significativo e sistemático dos casos de malária) ocorrendo numa seqüência de meses nas regiões de Itaituba e Santana do Araguaia. Para as regiões de Anajás e Viseu, o cenário de El Niño associa-se com impactos "positivos" (incidência de malária nas categorias média e baixa). Para o cenário La Niña , a resposta ocorreu de forma mais generalizada ao longo do Pará, com o predomínio de alta incidência de malária nos quatro municípios e se processando persistentemente durante os meses consecutivos de dezembro a maio. Nas composições para os eventos de dipolo positivo no Atlântico intertropical, o comportamento dos índices de malária no Pará ocorreu de forma diferenciada intra-regionalmente, com Anajás e Itaituba apresentando o predomínio de aumento nos casos da doença, enquanto que em Santana do Araguaia e Viseu verificaram-se vários meses com índices médios e abaixo do normal. Com exceção de Itaituba, as composições para os eventos de dipolo negativo sobre o Atlântico intertropical, mostraram um sinal dominante na incidência de malária nas categorias média e baixa, evoluindo em praticamente todos os meses de novembro a maio.