685 resultados para Reading (Early childhood)
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo historicizar a infância e políticas para educação infantil a partir de uma análise das práticas do UNICEF, e de outras instâncias da sociedade, que se empenharam em realizar uma objetivação da infância e educação infantil. Esta pesquisa se justifica pela necessidade de se desnaturalizar práticas de objetivação da infância e educação infantil e da livre intervenção de organismos multilaterais no cenário educacional brasileiro, desconfiando do argumento da dita neutralidade que permeia algumas práticas direcionadas a infância. Procurou-se traçar um mapa que demarque a arte de governar crianças, governamentalidade, e seus efeitos nos processos de formulação de políticas para a educação brasileira no período pós LDB. Para tal análise foi utilizado o referencial teórico-metodológico pautado na genealogia histórica de Michel Foucault. Foi feita uma pesquisa da literatura que utilizou autores como Foucault (1970/79), Veyne (1998), Ariès (1981), Kramer (1995/2006), Rosemberg (2002/2003), além de documentos do governo federal brasileiro. Concluiu-se que a educação infantil emergiu como mais um dos elementos que englobam as práticas de governamentalidade do UNICEF.
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Este estudo transversal visou a identificar fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular em uma amostra, estratificada por conglomerados, de 557 escolares (6-19 anos) de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Os fatores de risco investigados foram obesidade, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia, diabetes, tabagismo, sedentarismo e dieta aterogênica. Variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas ao estilo de vida foram testadas no modelo de regressão binária logística. Os fatores de risco prevalentes foram excesso de peso (20,4%), dislipidemia (48,1%) e sedentarismo (66,2%). Constatou-se que os escolares abaixo de dez anos e os provenientes das famílias de maior renda e com maior escolaridade materna apresentaram mais chances de desenvolverem excesso de peso; por sua vez, os escolares com excesso de peso foram os mais propensos a desenvolver hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceredemia. Diante desse quadro, faz-se necessária, ainda na primeira infância, a implantação de estratégias para controle de excesso de peso, por meio da alimentação balanceada e da prática física regular, para que se possa reduzir de forma efetiva a prevalência de fatores de risco em escolares nesta cidade.
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT
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This paper analyzes the Psychology of Play developed by D. Elkonin and his followers through examining the central theses of the cultural-historical theory. The goal is to identify elements that can support the organization of early childhood education practices. The cultural-historical theses represent a solid theory about children's play, featuring an original contribution to understand the historical emergence of play and its social nature in ontogeny. Based on Cultural-historical theory of play, we conclude that early childhood education which considers play as the leading activity must relate to the experience of various spheres of social life and the content of human activities. It is understood that the goal of educational intervention in children play is the development of the social role represented in the game. It is argued that play should neither oppose nor prevail over other activities.
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PURPOSE: to characterize and compare the tympanometric findings in a group of preschoolers. METHOD: 112 preschoolers were evaluated, both genders, aged from four years old to five years and eleven months old who attended a Municipal School of Early Childhood Education in the suburbs of Marilia city- SP. Tympanometry was used as triage procedure. It was considered that the child PASSED in the triage when it presented an A type tympanometric curve, bilaterally, being reevaluated in case of failure. RESULTS: it was observed a high failure index (63.4%) in the studied population. The older female preschoolers presented a higher index of A type tympanograms, in both ears. There was a higher incidence of failure in male preschoolers aged from four years to four years and eleven months. CONCLUSION: in this sample, there was a high index of tympanometric alteration. There was a tendency among younger male students to present a higher index of tympanometric alteration when compared to older female preschoolers, this difference was not statistically significant.
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The relationship between mother and child in the context of oral health has traditionally been exposed by the scientific literature in microbiology, which lacks a broad and necessary discussion of health and illness seen as processes, both biological and social. Objective: Investigate the family social determinants associated with the caries history of children and the need for dental treatment (NDT) among their mothers was the objective of this study. Material and Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional study of mother-child pairs living in southern Brazil. Data collection occurred in public institutions of early childhood education. The instruments included a structured questionnaire administered to mothers and clinical oral examinations of the mothers and children. The social variables considered were marital status, maternal education, number of children, income, employment status, and frequency of visits to a dental professional. The measured outcomes were the maternal NDT and child caries history. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test (chi 2) and by discriminant analysis. Results: The final sample consisted of 272 mother-child pairs and it was found that the greatest need for treatment was among mothers with low educational level and low family income who rarely or never visited a dentist. Tooth decay was less frequent in only child, and most frequent in children of mothers with low educational attainment, and in children in lower income households who rarely or never visited the dentist. The social determinants of caries in children and of the maternal NDT were similar. It follows that the maternal NDT and caries history among children were strongly associated with maternal education (p<0.0001), household income (p<0.0001), and frequency of visits to a dental professional (0.0018). Caries history among children was also associated with number of children in the household (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The results suggest that the caries experience in children depended less on the family social variables than on the maternal NDT.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT