Enabling sharing and reuse of scientific data

The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of the current state of scientific data sharing that stakeholders could use to develop and implement effective data sharing strategies and policies. The study developed a conceptual model to describe the process of data sharing, and the drivers, barriers, and enablers that determine stakeholder engagement. The conceptual model was used as a framework to structure discussions and interviews with key members of all stakeholder groups. Analysis of data obtained from interviewees identified a number of themes that highlight key requirements for the development of a mature data sharing culture.

Profiling text comprehension impairments in aphasia

Background: Research in aphasia has focused on acquired dyslexias at the single word level, with a paucity of assessment techniques and rehabilitation approaches for individuals with difficulty at the text level. A rich literature from research with paediatric populations and healthy non-brain damaged, skilled adult readers allows the component processes that are important for text reading to be defined and more appropriate assessments to be devised. Aims: To assess the component processes of text reading in a small group of individuals with aphasia who report difficulties reading at the text level. Do assessments of component processes in reading comprehension reveal distinct profiles of text comprehension? To what extent are text comprehension difficulties caused by underlying linguistic and/or cognitive deficits? Methods & Procedures: Four individuals with mild aphasia who reported difficulties reading at the text level took part in a case-series study. Published assessments were used to confirm the presence of text comprehension impairment. Participants completed a range of assessments to provide a profile of their linguistic and cognitive skills, focusing on processes known to be important for text comprehension. We identified the following areas for assessment: reading speed, language skills (single word and sentence), inferencing, working memory and metacognitive skills (monitoring and strategy use). Outcomes & Results: Performance was compared against age-matched adult control data. One participant presented with a trend for impaired abilities in inferencing, with all other assessed skills being within normal limits. The other three had identified linguistic and working memory difficulties. One presented with a residual deficit in accessing single word meaning that affected text comprehension. The other two showed no clear link between sentence processing difficulties and text comprehension impairments. Across these three, data suggested a link between verbal working memory capacity and specific inferencing skills. Conclusions: Successful text reading relies on a number of component processes. In this paper we have made a start in defining those component processes and devising tasks suitable to assess them. From our results, assessment of verbal working memory and inferencing appears to be critical for understanding text comprehension impairments in aphasia. It is possible that rehabilitation input can capitalize on key meta-cognitive skills (monitoring, strategy use) to support functional reading in the face of existing linguistic, text comprehension and memory impairments.

Case study on the maintenance of a construction monitoring using USN-based data acquisition

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the adoption of emerging ubiquitous sensor network (USN) technologies for instrumentation within a variety of sustainability systems. USN is emerging as a sensing paradigm that is being newly considered by the sustainability management field as an alternative to traditional tethered monitoring systems. Researchers have been discovering that USN is an exciting technology that should not be viewed simply as a substitute for traditional tethered monitoring systems. In this study, we investigate how a movement monitoring measurement system of a complex building is developed as a research environment for USN and related decision-supportive technologies. To address the apparent danger of building movement, agent-mediated communication concepts have been designed to autonomously manage large volumes of exchanged information. In this study, we additionally detail the design of the proposed system, including its principles, data processing algorithms, system architecture, and user interface specifics. Results of the test and case study demonstrate the effectiveness of the USN-based data acquisition system for real-time monitoring of movement operations.

A cross layer protocol for energy aware and critical data delivered applications using Wireless Sensor Networks

Environment monitoring applications using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have had a lot of attention in recent years. In much of this research tasks like sensor data processing, environment states and events decision making and emergency message sending are done by a remote server. A proposed cross layer protocol for two different applications where, reliability for delivered data, delay and life time of the network need to be considered, has been simulated and the results are presented in this paper. A WSN designed for the proposed applications needs efficient MAC and routing protocols to provide a guarantee for the reliability of the data delivered from source nodes to the sink. A cross layer based on the design given in [1] has been extended and simulated for the proposed applications, with new features, such as routes discovery algorithms added. Simulation results show that the proposed cross layer based protocol can conserve energy for nodes and provide the required performance such as life time of the network, delay and reliability.

MAC protocols and mobility management module for healthcare applications using Wireless Sensor Networks

Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in healthcare systems has had a lot of attention in recent years. In much of this research tasks like sensor data processing, health states decision making and emergency message sending are done by a remote server. Many patients with lots of sensor data consume a great deal of communication resources, bring a burden to the remote server and delay the decision time and notification time. A healthcare application for elderly people using WSN has been simulated in this paper. A WSN designed for the proposed healthcare application needs efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) and routing protocols to provide a guarantee for the reliability of the data delivered from the patients to the medical centre. Based on these requirements, the GinMAC protocol including a mobility module has been chosen, to provide the required performance such as reliability for data delivery and energy saving. Simulation results show that this modification to GinMAC can offer the required performance for the proposed healthcare application.

Direct action of aldosterone on bicarbonate reabsorption in in vivo cortical proximal tubule

Pergher PS, Leite-Dellova D, de Mello-Aires M. Direct action of aldosterone on bicarbonate reabsorption in in vivo cortical proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296: F1185-F1193, 2009. First published February 18, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90217.2008.-The direct action of aldosterone (10(-12) M) on net bicarbonate reabsorption (J(HCO3)(-)) was evaluated by stationary microperfusion of an in vivo middle proximal tubule (S2) of rat kidney, using H ion-sensitive microelectrodes. Aldosterone in luminally perfused tubules caused a significant increase in J(HCO3)(-) from a mean control value of 2.84 +/- 0.08 [49/19 (n degrees of measurements/n degrees of tubules)] to 4.20 +/- 0.15 nmol.cm(-2).s(-1) (58/10). Aldosterone perfused into peritubular capillaries also increased J(HCO3)(-), compared with basal levels during intact capillary perfusion with blood. In addition, in isolated perfused tubules aldosterone causes a transient increase of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), monitored fluorometrically. In the presence of ethanol ( in similar concentration used to prepare the hormonal solution), spironolactone (10(-6) M, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist), actinomycin D (10(-6) M, an inhibitor of gene transcription), or cycloheximide (40 mM, an inhibitor of protein synthesis), the J(HCO3)(-) and the [Ca(2+)](i) were not different from the control value; these drugs also did not prevent the stimulatory effect of aldosterone on J(HCO3)(-) and on [Ca(2+)](i). However, in the presence of RU 486 alone [10(-6) M, a classic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist], a significant decrease on J(HCO3)(-) and on [Ca(2+)](i) was observed; this antagonist also inhibited the stimulatory effect of aldosterone on J(HCO3)(-) and on [Ca(2+)](i). These studies indicate that luminal or peritubular aldosterone (10(-12) M) has a direct nongenomic stimulatory effect on J(HCO3)(-) and on [Ca(2+)](i) in proximal tubule and that probably GR participates in this process. The data also indicate that endogenous aldosterone stimulates J(HCO3)(-) in middle proximal tubule.

Control of Two-Photon Absorption in Organic Compounds by Pulse Shaping: Spectral Dependence

In this work, we investigate the control of the two-photon absorption process of a series of organic compounds via spectral phase modulation of the excitation pulse. We analyzed the effect of the pulse central wavelength on the control of the two-photon absorption process for each compound. Depending on the molecules` two-photon absorption position relative to the excitation pulse wavelength, different levels of coherent control were observed. By simulating the two-photon transition probability in molecular systems, taking into account the band structure and its positions, we could explain the experimental results trends. We observed that the intrapulse coherent interference plays an important role in the nonlinear process control besides just the pulse intensity modulation.

Role of cis-cis muconic acid in the catalysis of Pseudomonas putida chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase

Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (1,2-CCD) is a non-heme iron protein involved in the intradiol cleavage of aromatic compounds that are recalcitrant to biodegradation. In particular, 1,2-CCD catalyzes the conversion of catechol and its halogenated derivatives to cis-cis muconic acid. In this study we describe a series of experiments concerning the interaction of chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida (Pp1,2-CCD) with cis-cis muconic acid. We used single-injection ITC to show that the reaction product inhibits enzyme kinetics. DSC and EPR measurements probed whether this was accomplished by a direct binding of the product to the enzyme active site. DSC shows that cis-cis muconic acid affects the thermal unfolding of the protein and allowed us to estimate a binding constant. Furthermore, EPR spectra of the Fe(III) center demonstrate that, upon product binding, a significant decrease in resonance intensity is observed, indicating that cis-cis muconic acid binds directly to the active site. Based on the increasing interest for understanding dioxygenases mechanism of action and, moreover, how to control such process, our data indicate that the product of the reaction does play a relevant role in the catalysis and should therefore be taken into account when one thinks about ways of regulating enzyme activity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

From Smart Meters To Smart Decisions: Web-Based Support For The Water Efficient Household

Smart water metering technologies for residential buildings offer, in principle, great opportunities for sustainable urban water management. However, much of this potential is as yet unrealized. Despite that several ICT solutions have already been deployed aiming at optimum operations on the water utilities side (e.g. real time control for water networks, dynamic pump scheduling etc.), little work has been done to date on the consumer side. This paper presents a web-based platform targeting primarily the household end user. The platform enables consumers to monitor, on a real-time basis, the water demand of their household, providing feedback not only on the total water consumption and relevant costs but also on the efficiency (or otherwise) of specific indoor and outdoor uses. Targeting the reduction of consumption, the provided feedback is combined with notifications about possible leakages\bursts, and customised suggestions to improve the efficiency of existing household uses. It also enables various comparisons, with past consumption or even with that of similar households, aiming to motivate further the householder to become an active player in the water efficiency challenge. The issue of enhancing the platform’s functionality with energy timeseries is also discussed in view of recent advances in smart metering and the concept of “smart cities”. The paper presents a prototype of this web-based application and critically discusses first testing results and insights. It also presents the way in which the platform communicates with central databases, at the water utility level. It is suggested that such developments are closing the gap between technology availability and usefulness to end users and could help both the uptake of smart metering and awareness raising leading, potentially, to significant reductions of urban water consumption. The work has received funding from the European Union FP7 Programme through the iWIDGET Project, under grant agreement no318272.

A Gradient-Type Method For Real-Time State Estimation Of Water Distribution Networks

Drinking water distribution networks risk exposure to malicious or accidental contamination. Several levels of responses are conceivable. One of them consists to install a sensor network to monitor the system on real time. Once a contamination has been detected, this is also important to take appropriate counter-measures. In the SMaRT-OnlineWDN project, this relies on modeling to predict both hydraulics and water quality. An online model use makes identification of the contaminant source and simulation of the contaminated area possible. The objective of this paper is to present SMaRT-OnlineWDN experience and research results for hydraulic state estimation with sampling frequency of few minutes. A least squares problem with bound constraints is formulated to adjust demand class coefficient to best fit the observed values at a given time. The criterion is a Huber function to limit the influence of outliers. A Tikhonov regularization is introduced for consideration of prior information on the parameter vector. Then the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is applied that use derivative information for limiting the number of iterations. Confidence intervals for the state prediction are also given. The results are presented and discussed on real networks in France and Germany.

Adaptive, Decentralized, And Real-Time Sampling Strategies For Resource Constrained Hydraulic And Hydrologic Sensor Networks

We discuss the development and performance of a low-power sensor node (hardware, software and algorithms) that autonomously controls the sampling interval of a suite of sensors based on local state estimates and future predictions of water flow. The problem is motivated by the need to accurately reconstruct abrupt state changes in urban watersheds and stormwater systems. Presently, the detection of these events is limited by the temporal resolution of sensor data. It is often infeasible, however, to increase measurement frequency due to energy and sampling constraints. This is particularly true for real-time water quality measurements, where sampling frequency is limited by reagent availability, sensor power consumption, and, in the case of automated samplers, the number of available sample containers. These constraints pose a significant barrier to the ubiquitous and cost effective instrumentation of large hydraulic and hydrologic systems. Each of our sensor nodes is equipped with a low-power microcontroller and a wireless module to take advantage of urban cellular coverage. The node persistently updates a local, embedded model of flow conditions while IP-connectivity permits each node to continually query public weather servers for hourly precipitation forecasts. The sampling frequency is then adjusted to increase the likelihood of capturing abrupt changes in a sensor signal, such as the rise in the hydrograph – an event that is often difficult to capture through traditional sampling techniques. Our architecture forms an embedded processing chain, leveraging local computational resources to assess uncertainty by analyzing data as it is collected. A network is presently being deployed in an urban watershed in Michigan and initial results indicate that the system accurately reconstructs signals of interest while significantly reducing energy consumption and the use of sampling resources. We also expand our analysis by discussing the role of this approach for the efficient real-time measurement of stormwater systems.

Gestão da informação e sistema de informações policiais em uma delegacia da polícia civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: uma abordagem organizacional

A dissertação apresenta o processo de trabalho do inquérito policial como sendo o processo-chave do sistema de informações policiais de uma delegacia de Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faz considerações quanto à gestão e à análise de sistemas, comparando alguns especialistas, para compreensão da organização. Apresenta, também, uma visão da Polícia Civil no presente e a sua história. Disserta sobre a importância da linguagem em sua cultura organizacional e na sua lógica do trabalho apoiada em discursos, e propõe algumas possibilidades de mudanças organizacionais. A metodologia adotada foi a de pesquisa-ação, participante e etnográfica, com tratamento dos dados apoiado nas teorias da informação, da análise de conteúdo do discurso e de sistemas.

Atendimento operacional em ti: fordismo ou pós-fordismo? Estudo de caso na empresa Dataprev

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se as principais mudanças ocorridas na forma de condução de um processo de gestão operacional de uma empresa pública de TI, quando da implantação de um novo modelo de suporte técnico aos usuários de seus produtos e serviços, proporcionaram uma alteração no paradigma de gestão existente. Em função do proposto, a diretriz adotada para a condução deste trabalho foi a de pesquisar as alterações relativas aos procedimentos de organização e gestão das atividades e não as inerentes à infra-estrutura técnica. Com este fim, foi utilizado como referencial teórico a literatura que aborda a evolução do processo de gestão da produção, notadamente aquele desenvolvido do final do século XIX até os dias atuais, tais como: o taylorismo, o fordismo e o pós-fordismo. Para estruturar a coleta de informações foram definidas as seguintes dimensões de análise: Conhecimento do Processo; Planejamento da Produção; Execução da Produção; Controle do Processo; Divisão do Trabalho; Trabalho em Equipe e Recursos Técnicos, representativas e aplicáveis a qualquer modelo, permitindo a comparação entre estes. Para levantamento dos dados foram utilizadas as documentações existentes na empresa, registros de bancos de dados, observações diretas, observações participantes e questionários, respondidos pelos gerentes responsáveis pela condução do processo. Uma vez concluída esta etapa e com o uso das dimensões de análise, foram identificadas as principais características dos dois paradigmas adotados: fordista e pós-fordista. Fez-se também a descrição destas dimensões de análise tendo por base os dados coletados sobre os modelos em estudo. Finalmente, houve a confrontação das informações para se identificar a qual paradigma cada modelo mais se assemelhava e se houve a mudança prevista. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que o modelo anterior era mais próximo ao paradigma fordista, enquanto o novo modelo apresentava suas características predominantes identificadas com o paradigma pós-fordista. Com isto foi possível concluir que a pesquisa realizada comprovou o proposto neste trabalho, que o modelo adotado promove a mudança do paradigma de gestão existente no modelo anterior.

Participação de instituições locais em projetos de revitalização urbana : o caso do Projeto Porto Maravilha na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Dentro do contexto do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável, diversas metrópoles estão revitalizando áreas centrais degradadas. Regiões portuárias são exemplos de áreas degradadas que têm passado por processos de revitalização. O envolvimento de diferentes atores locais (Poder Público, mercado e sociedade civil) no processo de decisão e também durante a implementação das obras de revitalização deve ser visto como ponto chave na garantia de um processo transparente e particular para cada revitalização executada. Para subsidiar tal abordagem, este trabalho utiliza como referencial teórico a gestão social e seus critérios do processo de discussão, pluralismo e bem-comum para a implementação de políticas públicas, onde a multiplicidade de atores deve participar em igualdade de direitos nos processos decisórios deliberativos na busca do bem-estar social. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 2009, a instituição por lei da Operação Urbana Consorciada da Área de Especial Interesse Urbanístico da Região Portuária do Rio de Janeiro garante que o projeto de revitalização chamado Porto Maravilha possa ser implementado. Por ser fruto de uma Operação Urbana Consorciada, o projeto deve contar com a participação de proprietários, moradores, usuários e dos investidores para revitalizar uma área de aproximadamente cinco milhões de metros quadrados. Assim, considerada a importância de diferentes atores para garantir um processo decisório legítimo e considerada a obrigatoriedade da participação de diferentes atores na implementação do projeto Porto Maravilha, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar como as instituições locais participam no Projeto Porto Maravilha. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa de campo por meio da participação em reuniões das instâncias participativas na região portuária, da aplicação de questionários às instituições locais e da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes das instituições locais e outros atores envolvidos com o projeto. Para o tratamento dos dados obtidos utilizou-se o método da análise de conteúdo com grade mista, cujas categorias definidas foram relacionadas com os critérios do processo de discussão, pluralismo e bem-comum da gestão social e um tratamento estatístico para a elaboração de uma matriz que permitiu relacionar o grau de participação e a posição das instituições locais frente ao projeto. Para o tratamento final, a triangulação metodológica foi utilizada e os resultados foram confrontados com o referencial teórico. Os resultados mostraram que a revitalização da região portuária despertou interesse para que instâncias participativas que já existiam na região se reestruturassem e que novas instâncias fossem criadas. Independente de serem a favor ou contra o projeto, há uma mobilização por parte das instituições locais em se envolverem no projeto, embora este não possa se caracterizar como um processo deliberativo de construção conjunta definido a partir de um consenso, pois, as diretrizes gerais do projeto Porto Maravilha foram instituídas por lei. A maioria das instituições locais concorda e participa do acompanhamento e da implementação do projeto por meio do compartilhamento com o Estado da responsabilidade de criar espaços educativos e investir em programas sociais que possam garantir a melhoria das condições de vida da população local.

Gestão de risco em cadeia de suprimentos global: um estudo multicasos entre os membros da cadeia da manga

O propósito deste estudo é compreender como os diferentes membros gerenciam o risco na cadeia de suprimentos global. Por meio de um estudo multicaso na cadeia de exportação da manga brasileira para os Estados Unidos foram investigados os elos fornecedor, exportador, operador logístico e importador. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo de pesquisa conforme sugestão de Yin (2010) e adaptação de instrumento de coleta de dados semi-estruturado de Christopher, et al. (2011). A partir de entrevistas com organizações de apoio ao objeto da pesquisa, foi selecionado a amostra de empresas nas quais o fenômeno de gestão do risco poderia ser melhor observado. Baseado nas classificações de tipo de risco elaboradas por Christopher et al. (2011), é sugerida uma nova organização das categorias de risco (demanda, suprimentos, processo e controle, ambiental e sustentabilidade). Este trabalho apresenta uma descrição da cadeia de exportação de manga, bem como os principais riscos e as estratégias mitigadoras de risco empregadas pelos quatro membros da cadeia estudados. Conforme regra de Sousa (2001), foram realizadas comparações entre os tipos de risco e estratégias mitigadoras observadas na cadeia de suprimentos. Por fim, o estudo mostrou que a gestão do risco é heterogenia entre os membros da cadeia, o exportador é o mais penalizado pela consequência de risco à cadeia e a colaboração é a principal forma observada de mitigação.