El proceso de evaluación y acreditación: funcionalidad y/o disfuncionalidad para las Universidades del Ecuador

La educación superior inició una etapa de expansión y encuentra en los sistemas de aseguramiento y los procesos de evaluación, una herramienta para mejorar la calidad. Las universidades están cambiando, surgen nuevas misiones, modernas estrategias, procesos que demandan una total renovación para determinar la calidad de la gestión educativa y certificar públicamente que la institución hace correctamente lo que declara en su proyecto institucional. El proceso de evaluación en nuestro país está a cargo del Consejo Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación – CONEA, cuya principal responsabilidad, es elaborar los documentos técnicos, capacitar y orientar a las universidades para su aplicación. El modelo sistémico del proceso es claro y sus procedimientos resultan coherentes con los objetivos del mismo y con la misión y propósitos del organismo que lo dirige, sin embargo el escaso avance y la poca atención de las universidades para cumplir con esta responsabilidad social y moral, convoca a revisar el proceso desde su origen, problemática y expectativas en las universidades ecuatorianas, para descifrar con justo criterio, los aspectos funcionales y/o disfuncionales del mismo, que impiden el logro definitivo y sostenido de la excelencia académica en las universidades del Ecuador. Habrá que retomar este proceso desde una raíz que lo sostenga, con el apoyo de todo el Sistema Nacional de Educación, cuya estructura pase de lo lineal y tradicional a lo dinámico y plano, en donde el proceso sea el eje transversal evaluador que cruce todos los niveles del Sistema de Educación del país; este y otros nudos críticos que se presentan en el desarrollo del tema, son los astilleros que impiden el logro definitivo de los frutos esperados.

Naturaleza, paisaje y sociedad en la experiencia viajera. Misioneros y naturalistas en América Andina durante el siglo XVIII

El presente trabajo se acerca a los relatos de viaje de un misionero y un naturalista que recorrieron la América Andina septentrional durante el siglo XVIII: fray Juan de Santa Gertrudis y don Miguel de Santisteban. Para ello, se propone explorar varias de las realidades culturales de los viajes, es decir las prácticas corporales, las ideas, la matrices cognitivas, las formas de escritura y las relaciones con el entorno y con el medio social. El objetivo general es comparar y hacer específicas dichas realidades en relación con la percepción de la naturaleza, la construcción del paisaje y las valoraciones de la sociedad, campos considerados como experiencias mutuamente influyentes. Los relatos de fray Joseph Palacios de la Vega y de Francisco José de Caldas son usados como fuentes complementarias para esta exploración. De esta forma, se logra rescatar la importancia de las herencias de la Antigüedad Clásica, del Judeocristianismo, del saber medieval escolástico y de la semejanza, de la perspectiva moderna de la Ilustración y del proyecto de la Historia Natural, como matrices culturales constitutivas de la experiencia viajera, no sólo en el momento de la escritura, sino en la motivación de los viajes, en el diseño de sus recorridos, en la relación de los viajeros con el entorno geoecológico y cultural, en los usos corporales y sensitivos que esto implica, y en la configuración de los textos que hoy se conocen como parte de la literatura de viajes.

La región amazónica ecuatoriana: naturaleza y derechos colectivos en el ojo del huracán

La Constitución define al estado como plurinacional y el reconoce a la Naturaleza como sujeto de derechos. Pese a ello, durante el año 2009 se violaron los derechos de la naturaleza y los Derechos Colectivos de Pueblos y Nacionalidades en los siguientes casos: el Eje Multimodal Manta Manaos; la iniciativa ITT; la normatividad y políticas para la explotación minera industrial en la Cordillera del Cóndor, concesiones y privilegios para misiones católicas en la Región Amazónica, el cierre de la radio La Voz de Arutam, el ataque de los Pueblos del Yasuní y el caso de Sarayaku. Los casos evidencian que el poder gubernamental continúa atado al modelo preconstituyente, los afanes desarrollistas y extractivistas han llenado de conflictos a los pobladores ancestrales.

La expedición de límites de 1750 en la Guayana española: los logros de una tarea que nunca comenzó (Estudios)

This contribution addresses the implications of the boundary demarcation on basin of Orinoco and Amazon, during the second half of the 18th Century, beginning with the study of the expedition of the boundary between Spain and Portugal. This enterprise ended up in a surprise of games of omission, unfortunate and personal confrontations. The undesired task for the Spanish Guayana, however, marked a radically change in the geostrategic valuing and paved way to a latter colonial modernity thanks to the initiative of its commissioners. In this way, an important part of the territorial integrity was preserved against the geographical desires of lustanas and stopped the trafficking of indigenous salves towards the Amazon region.

Resistencia india, conciliación y estrategia militar en Quixos durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII (Estudios)

During the 18th Century, the northeast of the Amazonian region, especially the jurisdiction of Quixos, was one of the most ignored regions of South America. Its dominions, dependents in part to the Real Audiencia of Quito, did not enjoy sufficient attention from the monarchial administration; therefore, the territorial domination and its natives did not take shape in absolute terms given the difficulties of indigenous resistance against strategies to slowly subordinate and eventually dismantle the Spanish politics of border territories.

Breeding of the Rufous-thighed Hawk (Accipiter erythronemius) in Argentina and Brazil

The Rufous-thighed, Hawk (Accipiter erythronemius) is a poorly-known, small raptor that dwells in forests and wooded savannas in south and eastern Brazil, Taraguay, eastern Bolivia, north and central Argentina, and Uruguay. We studied breeding biology and food habits of the Rufous-thighed Hawk from 1994 to 2007. We documented 14 breeding attempts recorded at nine nest sites in eight localities in Argentina and Brazil. Rufous-thighed Hawks were year-round residents at the study areas. The breeding season was c. 38 weeks long (June through March). Territorial behavior and courtship spanned for 22 weeks starting in mid June. Nest-building started in August. Nestlings were observed throughout December and into early January while fledglings were observed from late December through late March. Most nest sites were conifer plantations averaging 32.2 (SD = 10) years old, 12.6 ha (SD = 11.3) in size with trees averaging d 37.5 cm (SD = 13.5) of diameter at breast height. Nests were placed 20.2 m high (SD = 5.7), near the trunks of non-emergent conifers (Pinus sp. or Araucaria angustifolia). Nests were made of sticks, greater diameter averaging 48.8 cm (SD = 11.4), while nest depth averaged 23.3 cm (SD = 14). Prey items were birds (n = 49) ranging in size from c. 10 g [House Wren (Troglodytes, aedon)] to c. 140 g [White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi)]. Young started to chase birds at the age of 42-45 days in mid January. Adult males were primarily food providers but also aided in nest defense against other raptors. Females incubated, brooded, and fed young, and took leading roles in defense against humans. Rufous-thighed Hawks had unlined nests placed high in trees, and breeding season was markedly protracted.

O controle externo sobre as agências reguladoras de Estado : limites e (im)possibilidades

Com a criação das primeiras entidades reguladoras de infraestrutura, década de 90, surgiu uma nova maneira estratégica de o Estado atuar com intuito de melhorar a governança pública. O Estado brasileiro, que era responsável direto pelo desenvolvimento econômico e social, buscou se redefinir frente ao modelo de entidades reguladoras que emergia. Em decorrência dessa nova fisionomia estatal, a descentralização funcional ganhou ênfase resultando no aparecimento de estruturas mais flexíveis e autônomas sob a natureza de direito público com a finalidade de atuar em setores típicos de Estado. Assim, foram criadas as primeiras agências reguladoras brasileiras com objetivo de normatizar, incentivar e regular setores essenciais à sociedade. Por consequência de tais inovações, diversas áreas administrativas tiveram de serem adaptadas, sobretudo as relacionadas à atividade de controle no âmbito administrativo. Para tanto, tornou-se necessário conciliar, dentro de um escopo sistematizado, mecanismos capazes de atender as demandas oriundas do recente Estado regulador brasileiro. Com efeito, a função controle adquire relevo no sentido de evitar que tais agências reguladoras apartem-se de limites impostos por lei ou de que divirjam de suas missões institucionais. Assim, o presente trabalho investiga a atuação do controle externo exercido pelo Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) no desempenho das agências reguladoras de Estado. Diante de o assunto permear várias áreas epistemológicas, entende-se que abordá-lo sob o enfoque interdisciplinar pode estender em contribuições sobre o objeto investigado. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação visa incorporar, também, outras áreas de conhecimento. Longe de defender um isomorfismo para o arranjo regulatório brasileiro ou de promover uma saída paradigmática, esta pesquisa busca, com amparo na metodologia qualitativa e sob os enfoques exploratórios e descritivos, reunir conhecimentos e constatações no sentido de propiciar maior aproximação acerca do assunto e concorrer para o delineamento de diretrizes futuras do controle externo sobre a regulação brasileira. Destaca-se que tanto a regulação como o controle sobre o ambiente regulatório são assuntos que se encontram em desenvolvimento no contexto brasileiro, o que enseja a pertinência desta pesquisa. Em face do exposto, esta dissertação visa investigar o estado atual do controle exercido pelo TCU sobre o desempenho nas agências reguladoras de Estado – infraestrutura - com intuito de analisar e promover um debate sobre limites e (im)possibilidades dessa atuação.

A GEP-ISFG collaborative study on the optimization of an X-STR decaplex: data on 15 Iberian and Latin American populations

In a collaborative work carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese ISFG Working Group (GEP-ISFG), a polymerase chain reaction multiplex was optimized in order to type ten X-chromosome short tandem repeats (STRs) in a single reaction, including: DXS8378, DXS9902, DXS7132, DXS9898, DXS6809, DXS6789, DXS7133, GATA172D05, GATA31E08, and DXS7423. Using this X-decaplex, each 17 of the participating laboratories typed a population sample of approximately 200 unrelated individuals (100 males and 100 females). In this work, we report the allele frequencies for the ten X-STRs in 15 samples from Argentina (Buenos Aires, CA(3)rdoba, Rio Negro, Entre Rios, and Misiones), Brazil (SA o pound Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Parana, and Mato Grosso do Sul), Colombia (Antioquia), Costa Rica, Portugal (Northern and Central regions), and Spain (Galicia and Cantabria). Gene diversities were calculated for the ten markers in each population and all values were above 56%. The average diversity per locus varied between 66%, for DXS7133, and 82%, for DXS6809. For this set of STRs, a high discrimination power was obtained in all populations, both in males (a parts per thousand yen1 in 5 A- 10(5)) and females (a parts per thousand yen1 in 3 A- 10(9)), as well as high mean exclusion chance in father/daughter duos (a parts per thousand yen99.953%) and in father/mother/daughter trios (a parts per thousand yen99.999%). Genetic distance analysis showed no significant differences between northern and central Portugal or between the two Spanish samples from Galicia and Cantabria. Inside Brazil, significant differences were found between Rio de Janeiro and the other three populations, as well as between SA o pound Paulo and Parana. For the five Argentinean samples, significant distances were only observed when comparing Misiones with Entre Rios and with Rio Negro, the only two samples that do not differ significantly from Costa Rica. Antioquia differed from all other samples, except the one from Rio Negro.

Geo(anthropo)genic factors affecting the radioactivity in groundwaters from Guarani aquifer, Brazil

This investigation was carried out within the Paraná sedimentary basin, involved the sampling of 77 pumped tubular wells, and was realized with the puipose of evaluating the radioactivity in the Brazilian part of Guarani (Botucatu-Pirambóia, Tacuarembó, Misiones) aquifer. The radioactivity due to nuclides belonging to uranium and thorium series decay was investigated in terms of the uranium isotopes 234U and 238U, radon (222Rn), and the radium isotopes 226Ra and 228Ra. The obtained results were compared with the maximum permissible concentration limits in drinking water defined by the Brazilian national standard, as well with the guidelines for drinking water quality established by the World Health Organization. The importance of water-rock/soil interactions was considered in order to explain most of the obtained data.

Redescription of Hypsiboas semiguttatus, with the description of a new species of the Hypsiboas pulchellus group

We redescribe Hypsiboas semiguttatus (Lutz, 1925) and describe its tadpole and vocalization. We also describe a new species, previously confused with H. semiguttatus from Misiones, Argentina, and potentially from Brazil. This new species differs from H. semiguttatus in being more robust, having a tadpole with complete marginal papulation (no anterior gap), and a labial tooth row formula of 3/5. We discuss the status of populations previously assigned to H. semiguttatus and discuss the relationships of the new species within the Hypsiboas pulchellus group. © 2007 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.

Gestión del agua a nivel de cuencas: teoría y práctica

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Las nuevas medidas de seguridad y sus efectos en las exportaciones agroalimentarias

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Las finanzas públicas provinciales: situación actual y perspectivas

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Escenarios hidrológicos de caudales medios del río Paraná y Uruguay

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