811 resultados para Political mobilization


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Slides to introduce political economy, and its relevance to the study of the Web. Brief review of methods and issues.

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A lengthy defense of Cavell on film and politics in response to an article by Joshua Dienstag

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Esta monografía analiza un caso de movilización desde las teorías de acción colectiva a través de entidades internacionales para alcanzar una meta dentro de un sistema político y jurídico interno. Por medio de esta, se observa el desarrollo y análisis de la constitución de la “Red Transnacional de Defensa” en torno a los derechos de personas con orientación sexual diversa a partir de su incidencia política en la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos CIDH en el curso del caso 11.656.

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La Ciencia Política siempre ha buscado profundizar en el fenómeno del poder y sus causas. Las teorías han cambiado conforme a las circunstancias sociales a lo largo de la historia; no obstante, en la actualidad las dinámicas de comunicación facilitadas por elementos tecnológicos han generado coyunturas sin antecedentes como la ocurrida en Colombia el 4 de febrero de 2008 “Un Millón de voces contra las FARC” La generalización en el uso de Internet y –sobre todo- las redes sociales ha producido un acelerado nivel de activismo debido a la facilidad de cooperación y coordinación que se deriva de estructuras en red. Es sano pensar en una reevaluación de la teoría tradicional del poder vertical y traer al campo teórico nuevos elementos que generen herramientas de análisis sobre comunicación, poder horizontal, activismo y oportunidades políticas. El nacimiento de lo que algunos llaman “sociedad informacional” es lo que permitirá describir el concepto de “noopolitik”. Las que otrora eran movilizaciones políticas costosas y exigentes en recursos de coordinación y tiempo han venido siendo reemplazadas por explosiones de activismo catalizadas por un sentimiento común que han sabido servirse de las ventajas tecnológicas para lograr sus objetivos. Bien habla de ello el caso de estudio de esta investigación al ser la movilización más grande registrada, con más de 12 millones de personas alrededor del mundo y con el uso protagónico de redes sociales. El valor de la información –y por supuesto su difusión-, es ahora uno de los principales asuntos de la Ciencia Política moderna.

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Asumiendo que existe una tendencia de la opinión pública y académica por relacionar la idea de revolución con procesos netamente de izquierda, se propone comprender el término como concepto y como metáfora con el fin de alejarlo de la polarización ideológica. En esta investigación se abordan los conceptos políticos y su relación con las metáforas a partir de unos principios teóricos básicos: la idea de Koselleck de que los conceptos tienen historia, y la idea de Blumenberg de que muchos conceptos fundamentales son potentes porque en el fondo son metáforas. Posteriormente se observa cómo las diferentes posturas políticas han adoptado o rechazado la idea de revolución como parte de sus proyectos políticos. Finalmente, el caso del fascismo se presenta como un escenario clave para comprobar la trascendencia del concepto y las implicaciones de su uso en términos discursivos y prácticos

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 On the assumption that any complex Modern Political Theory involves a decision about human rights, this article considers a possible assessment of the broader aspects of the conception of the State in the work of Nozick. Based on one critical point of view originally formulated by H.L.A. Hart, it defends the claim that the libertarian conception is untenable in moral terms. 

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The State-building process must be understood through the study of the agencies in charge of each of its regulatory functions. One such function is the regulation of property rights. During the Liberal Republic, as a reaction to the massive mobilization,new tools to better regulate property rights were promoted: colonization, parceling, the award of public lands and, at the end, a new legal framework. In spite of its purposes, they faced and failed to solve the challenges every organization experiences when growing: resource scarcity, controlling its agents, and keeping technical simplicity.

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The principal objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between the re­sults of the Canadian policies implemented to protect female workers against the impact of globalization on the garment industry and the institutional setting in which this labour market is immersed in Winnipeg. This research paper begins with a brief summary of the institutional theory appro­ach that sheds light on the analysis of the effects of institutions on the policy options to protect female workers of the Winnipeg garment industry. Next, this paper identi­fies the set of beliefs, formal procedures, routines, norms and conventions that cha­racterize the institutional environment of the female workers of Winnipeg’s garment industry. Subsequently, this paper descri­bes the impact of free trade policies on the garment industry of Winnipeg. Afterward, this paper presents an analysis of the ba­rriers that the institutional features of the garment sector in Winnipeg can set to the successful achievement of policy options addressed to protect the female workforce of this sector. Three policy options are considered: ethical purchasing; training/retraining programs and social engage­ment support for garment workers; and protection of migrated workers through promoting and facilitating bonds between Canada’s trade unions and trade unions of the labour sending countries. Finally, this paper concludes that the formation of isolated cultural groups inside of factories; the belief that there is gender and race discrimination on the part of the garment industry management against workers; the powerless social conditions of immi­grant women; the economic rationality of garment factories’ managers; and the lack of political will on the part of Canada and the labour sending countries to set effective bilateral agreements to protect migrate wor­kers, are the principal barriers that divide the actors involved in the garment industry in Winnipeg. This division among the prin­cipal actors of Winnipeg’s garment industry impedes the change toward more efficient institutions and, hence, the successful achievement of policy options addressed to protect women workers. 

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Objective: To determine the effect of ankle joint mobilization on the H reflex amplitude of thesoleus muscle in people with spasticity. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study withcrossover design and simple masking was conducted in 24 randomized subjects to initiate thecontrol or experimental group. Traction and rhythmic oscillation were applied for five minutesto the ankle joint. H wave amplitude changes of Hoffmann reflex (electrical equivalent of themonosynaptic spinal reflex) was assessed, stimulating the tibial nerve at the level of the poplitealfossa and recording in the soleus muscle. In each subject 12 measurements were taken: basalrate, during and after mobilization. Changes in H reflex amplitude were calculated in relationto basal measurement. For each measurement a hypothesis test was performed (Student t test).Results: In groups of patients with brain injury and incomplete spinal cord injury, a significantdifference was found between measurements of both studies, concerning variation in H reflexamplitude during the application of joint mobilization techniques, with a decrease in the experimentalgroup and an increase in the control group. In contrast, no significant differences werefound after mobilization therapy. Patients with complete spinal cord injury showed no significantdifferences in any measurements. Conclusion: We demonstrate the effectiveness of jointmobilization in the decrease of H reflex amplitude in patients with brain injury or incompletespinal cord injury during the mobilization maneuver, but no residual effect after completion ofthe trial. This research showed no evidence regarding excitability reduction in complete spinalcord injury. We suggest that therapeutic interventions to decrease muscle tone based on the jointmobilization should be reconsidered.

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Este artículo analiza la construcción de significados compartidos al interior de una emergente movilización social por el agua en la Cuenca de México (CM). Este texto se deriva de una investigación doctoral sobre el desarrollo reciente de esta movilización (2005-2009) y su potencial aporte  reflexivo a la sociedad. El análisis de los significados compartidos realizado permite, de una parte, identificar y jerarquizar las principales ideas y propuestas que esta movilización ofrece al sistema  político y social, y, de otra parte, evaluar su aporte crítico y propositivo frente al actual orden social del agua en la región. El desarrollo de esta movilización es, en efecto, un indicador del aumento y  la cualificación de la acción y la organización social por el agua, así como de la agudización de los  conflictos y el malestar social frente a sus definiciones y usos dominantes. El contenido de este artículo se divide en tres secciones: primero, la contextualización del caso de  estudio y sus principales elementos te ricos y metodológicos; segundo, el análisis de los significados  compartidos en la movilización, y tercero, las consideraciones finales y conclusiones sobre los principales retos que la movilización enfrenta y su potencial aporte reflexivo, político y cultural.

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A year away from leaving the presidency, this article analyses Lula government in light of the many corruption scandals that erupted afterwards. These events showed that despite the almost unanimous conclusion of its balance sheet, Lula government leaves a big task ahead: the political reform. Priority of the Workers’ Party during the years 1980 and 1990, and subject of many academic studies, this issue has been abandoned in the 2000s, with the accession to power of Lula Da Silva. This paper evaluates the state-of-the-art on this matter and defends the need for further consideration in light of current events, and in a broader theoretical perspective than the institutional engineering one that prevailed earlier. 

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This study traces the origins of Mexican paramilitary groups and argues that, contrary to what most of the literature on the subject implies, they do not represent a state strategy to thwart leftist groups seeking social change. Rather, they represent battles between groups of national and local-level elites with different visions of democracy and of what constitutes good governance. The polarization inherent in this type of conflict leads local actors to have to side with one faction of elites or the other. The presence of radical leftist groups in recently colonized indigenous areas with scant state presence gives rise to a process of radicalization among local elites. There are multiple factors that explain the emergence of paramilitary groups. Aside from the post Cold War international context, there were national factors like a shift in its focus away from security matters between 1989 and 1993, and presidential policies between 1968 and 1993, that planted the seeds of leftist radicalism in a context of id modernization

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This article attempts to assess the implications and the own character of the crisis of representation in Mexico. Once the topic framed and the long-term dynamics of Mexican political elites presented, this paper will attempt to understand why, despite the pluralization of the party system, there remain many questions about the truly democratic nature of the Mexican political system.

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El presente Estudio de Caso, tiene como propósito de hacer un estudio sobre el papel articulador de la Marcha Patriótica y el Congreso de los Pueblos, teniendo en cuenta las distintas acciones colectivas que han desarrollado desde sus orígenes en la búsqueda de la paz. Dichas acciones han tenido cobertura nacional y que por ende, están jugando un rol muy importante en la movilización social por la paz en Colombia. En este sentido se hace necesario identificar a partir de la teoría de los movimientos sociales y las conceptualizaciones sobre la paz el carácter de estos actores, sus acciones y las perspectivas y limitaciones para consolidarse como referentes políticos en la lucha por la paz.