The Implied Book and the Narrative Text. On a Blind Spot in Narratological Theory - from a Media Studies Perspective

The article is concerned with the formal definition of a largely unnoticed factor in narrative structure. Based on the assumptions that (1) the semantics of a written text depend, among other factors, directly on its visual alignment in space, that (2) the formal structure of a text has to meet that of its spatial presentation and that (3) these assumptions hold true also for narrative texts (which, however, in modern times typically conceal their spatial dimensions by a low-key linear layout), it is argued that, how ever low-key, the expected material shape of a given narrative determines the configuration of its plot by its author. The ,implied book' thus denotes an author's historically assumable, not necessarily conscious idea of how his text, which is still in the process of creation, will be dimensionally presented and under these circumstances visually absorbed. Assuming that an author's knowledge of this later (potentially) substantiated material form influences the composition, the implied book is to be understood as a text-genetically determined, structuring moment of the text. Historically reconstructed, it thus serves the methodical analysis of structural characteristics of a completed text.

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , S. Pietro à Ripoli : [vue perspective] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 488

Combined approaches in large vestibular schwannomas: surgical and radiosurgical perspective

Purpose: The management of vestibular schwanommas (VS) is challenging, with microsurgery remaining the main treatment option. Planned subtotal resection is now being increasingly considered to reduce the risk of neurological deficits following complete resection. The residual part of the tumor can then be treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) to achieve long-term growth control. Methods: This case series of 11 patients documents early results with planned subtotal resection followed by GKS in Lausanne University Hospital, between July 2010 and March 2012. We analyzed clinical symptoms and signs for all cases, as well as MRI and audiograms. Results: Mean age in this series was 50.3 years (range 24.1-73.4). Two patients (18.2%) had a stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy, which had failed to ensure tumor control, before the microsurgical intervention. The lesions were solid in 9 cases (81.8%), and mixed (solid and cystic) in 2 patients (18.2%). Presurgical tumor volume was of a mean of 18.5 cm3 (range 9.7-34.9 cm3). The mean duration between microsurgery and GKS was 10.5 months (range 4-22.8). The mean tumor volume at the time of GKS treatment was 4.9 cm3 (range 0.5- 12.8). A mean number of 20.7 isocenters was used (range 8-31). Nine patients received 12 Gy and 2 patients with 11 Gy at the periphery (at the 50% prescription isodose). We did not have any major complications in our series. Postoperative status showed no facial nerve deficits. Four patients with useful pre-operative hearing underwent surgery aiming to preserve the cochlear nerve function. Of these patients, the patient who had Gardner-Robertson (GR) class 1 before surgery, remained in GR class 1. Two patients improved after surgery, one changing from GR 5 to GR 3 and the other with slight improvement, remaining in the same GR 3 class. Mean follow-up after surgery was 15.4 months (range 4-31.2). One patient, who presented with secondary trigeminal neuralgia before surgery, had transitory facial hypoesthesia following surgery. No other neurological deficits were encountered. Following GKS, the patients had a mean follow-up of 5.33 months (range 1-13). No new neurological deficits were encountered. Conclusions: Our data suggest that planned subtotal resection followed by GKS has an excellent clinical outcome with respect to preservation of cranial nerves, and other neurological functions, and a good possibility of recovery of many of the pre-operative cranial nerve dysfunctions

Results of a consensus meeting on the use of argatroban in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia requiring antithrombotic therapy - a European Perspective.

Argatroban has been introduced as an alternative parenteral anticoagulant for HIT-patients in several European countries in 2005. In 2009 a panel of experts discussed their clinical experience with argatroban balancing risks and benefits of argatroban treatment in managing the highly procoagulant status of HIT-patients. This article summarizes the main conclusions of this round table discussion. An ongoing issue is the appropriate dosing of argatroban in special patient groups. Therefore, dosing recommendations for different HIT-patient groups (ICU patients; non-ICU patients, paediatric patients, and for patients undergoing renal replacement therapies) are summarized in this consensus statement. Because of the strong correlation between argatroban dosing requirements and scores used to characterize the severity of illness (APACHE; SAPS, SOFA) suitable dosing nomograms are given. This consensus statement contributes to clinically relevant information on the appropriate use and monitoring of argatroban based on the current literature, and provides additional information from clinical experience. As the two other approved drugs for HIT, danaparoid and lepirudin are either currently not available due to manufacturing problems (danaparoid) or will be withdrawn from the market in 2012 (lepirudin), this report should guide physicians who have limited experience with argatroban how to use this drug safely in patients with HIT.

The Coverage of the European independence movements from a Canadian perspective: Comparisons of the francophone online press in Quebec with the English Canadian press on the independence movements in Scotland and Catalonia

This research paper provides the basis of a future doctoral thesison the construction of foreign news. We aim to highlight similarities and differences in the online news coverage of the nationalist movments in Scotland and Catalonia in the Canadian Anglophone and Francophone press. Through a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of The Montreal Gazette, The National Post, The Globe and Mail, Le Devoir and La Presse, we attempt to show the frames used in the coverage of the political developments in both “stateless regions” from January 2011 to September 2014, when a referendum on the constitutional status of Scotland has beenagreed on. In parallel to the analysis of daily online newspapers, we will use semi-structured interviews of journalists from each news organization to obtain more in-depth knowledge of the factors influencing the construction of news. Lastly, we want to find out to the extent to which the coverage on the nationalist movements in Scotland and Catalonia serve to revive the debate on the independence question of Québec

A Different Perspective for Investigation of PCC Pavement Deterioration, HR-2074, Interim Report, 1996

Many early Iowa Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavements provided good performance without deterioration for more than 50 years. In the late 1950's, Iowa was faced with severe PCC pavement deterioration called D cracking due to crushed limestone containing a bad pore system. Selective quarrying solved the problem. In 1990, cracking deterioration was identified on a three year old US 20 pavement in central Iowa. The coarse aggregate was a crushed limestone with an excellent history of performance in PCC pavement. Examination of cores showed very few cracks through the coarse aggregate particles. The cracks were predominately confined to the matrix. A high resolution, low vacuum Hitachi Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersion detector was used to investigate the deterioration. Subsequent evaluation identified very little concentration of silica gel (silicon-Si), but did identify substantial amounts of sulfur-s and aluminum-Al (assumed to be ettringite) in the air voids. Some of these voids have cracks radiating from them leading us to conclude that the ettringite filled voids were a center of pressure causing the crack. The ettringite in the voids, after being subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl) brine, initially swells and then dissolves. The research has led to the conclusion that the premature deterioration may be due to ettringite and may have been mistakenly identified as Alkali-Silica reactivity (ASR).

Penser un modèle de complémentarité de trois épreuves projectives (Hand-Test, Rorschach et TAT) dans une perspective psychodynamique : un défi méthodologique et épistémologique

L'idée de complémentarité de certaines épreuves projectives s'est dessinée dès les années 1960, telles que Rorschach - test du Village, Rorschach - CAT et enfin Rorschach - TAT. L'essentiel des dispositifs projectifs mobilise les épreuves de Rorschach et de TAT dont la complémentarité a été largement pointée, notamment, par Anzieu et Chabert (1983), Chabert (1998), Roman (2006, 2007, 2009) et Emmanuelli et Azoulay (2001, 2008, 2009). Les épreuves de Hand-Test, Rorschach et TAT opèrent selon des dynamiques différentes à partir de consignes, sorte d'« injonction à imaginer » (Roman, 2008). Le défi méthodologique et épistémologique est d'envisager une complémentarité entre ces trois épreuves projectives, complémentarité qui ne va pas de soi dans la mesure où le Hand-Test a été pensé à partir du modèle de l'Analyse Structurale, le Rorschach et le TAT dans une perspective psychodynamique. L'enjeu du défi est de parvenir à se dégager du modèle de l'Analyse Structurale, d'une dimension déterministe et inscrire le Hand-Test dans une dimension processuelle d'une part, et de croiser ces trois épreuves afin de parvenir à mettre en avant les ressources du sujet quant à l'émergence de potentialités de transformations bien souvent, trop souvent, reléguées au second plan, voire négligées, lors de la prise en charge institutionnelle d'autre part. Ainsi, l'approche de la complémentarité des épreuves se trouve au service d'une compréhension de l'évolution du rapport à l'agir chez les adolescents. L'écart qui se donne à voir entre la conception des épreuves projectives envisagées dans une perspective psychodynamique et la manière d'appréhender le Hand-Test constitue le défi méthodologique et épistémologique que nous proposons de discuter.