Efetividade de dispersão de sementes de palmito (Euterpe edulis) em um gradiente de defaunação

Diversos estudos têm evidenciado os efeitos da defaunação e fragmentação sobre processos mutualísticos chaves, como polinização e dispersão de sementes. Áreas fragmentadas ou defaunadas possuem um desequilíbrio nas populações resilientes, sendo que algumas populações aumentam drasticamente sua abundância, um fenômeno chamado de “density compensation”. Se por um lado é bem conhecido esse fenômeno, por outro lado, existe uma lacuna em nosso conhecimento sobre as mudanças comportamentais dos dispersores de sementes em áreas com baixa competição intra-específica e alta específica. Na Mata Atlântica, o palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis) produz frutos carnosos consumidos por diversas aves e mamíferos. Nesse projeto, pretendemos entender como a defaunação (perda de grandes dispersores de sementes como Ramphastídeos) pode alterar a efetividade de dispersão de sementes. Para o registro de frugivoria, foi utilizado o método de observação focal que se consiste da observação direta da planta com frutificação madura, no caso o indivíduo palmito-juçara (Euterpe edulis), identificando as espécies visitantes e anotando seus comportamentos pertinentes. Nossa hipótese a ser testada, é que áreas com baixa riqueza de frugívoros e alta abundância de algumas espécies como sabiás (Turdus spp.) acarretará maior competição e menor efetividade de dispersão dessa palmeira

Predação de sementes do palmito juçara Euterpe edulis Martius em fragmentos florestais - testando o modelo Janzen-Connell

A extensa fragmentação das florestas tropicais e conseguinte perda da fauna de dispersores e predadores de sementes trazem importantes consequências às interações planta-animal. A predação de sementes, que representa uma etapa crítica no recrutamento de plantas tropicais, é um dos processos que sofrem com este impacto. A falta dos agentes dispersores e predadores de sementes pode alterar a dinâmica natural dessa interação trófica ao ponto de não corresponder mais ao modelo de Janzen-Connell, que prediz que quanto mais próximo da planta parental, maior a probabilidade de predação e, por conseqüência, menor será a dispersão. Esse estudo avaliou em três fragmentos com níveis diferenciado de defaunação (Mata São José, Reserva Municipal Santa Genebra e Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus) a predação (e/ou dispersão) de sementes de palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) abaixo e longe da planta-mãe, buscando testar o modelo Janzen-Connell. Em cada área cinco sementes foram dispostas em tratamento aberto e cinco em tratamento fechado, abaixo e distante 10 metros do parental em 15 palmeiras e avaliado o destino das sementes após 30 dias. Os resultados não oferecem suporte ao modelo, uma vez que apenas em um dos fragmentos pequenos e defaunados a predação abaixo do parental foi maior que distante, ou seja, nos demais fragmentos a distância da planta mãe não aumentou a sobrevivência das sementes. Nas áreas defaunadas a predação ocorreu principalmente por invertebrados e patógenos, enquanto que na área menos defaunada a predação foi feita principalmente por vertebrados. Diferenças significativas na predação de sementes entre os tratamentos só foram obtidas na área menos defaunada, o que mostra a importância dos predadores vertebrados de médio e grande porte na predação e/ou dispersão de sementes de E. edulis neste fragmento.

Plantas medicinais do SUS: espécies comuns da região de Bauru-SP

This work deals with present and discuss mainly the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of each species of the National List of Medicinal plants of interest to SUS (RENISUS) contained in scientific articles that are found in the Bauru-SP region. Such information compiled in this study may help in the advancement of scientific research, promoting the speed in bibliographic queries these species. In the present work was carried out consultation papers and described in the form of literature review, published information of the species listed in Renisus specific to the Bauru-SP region are: Aloe spp* (A. vera or A. barbadensis), Schinus terebinthifolius = mastic Schinus, trimera Baccharis, Mikania spp* (M. glomerata and M. laevigata), Vernonia condensata, Tabebuia avellanedeae, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Momordica charantia, Phyllanthus spp* (P. amarus, P. niruri, P. tenellus and P. urinaria), Stryphnodendron adstringens = Stryphnodendron barbatimam, pulegium Mentha, Mentha spp* (M. crispa, M. piperita or M. villosa), Plectranthus barbatus = Coleus barbatus, Persea spp* (gratissima or P. americana P.), Bauhinia spp* (B. affinis, B. forficata or B. variegata), Copaifera spp*, Morus sp*, Eugenia uniflora or brasiliana Myrtus*, Psidium guajava, Syzygium spp* (S. jambolanum or S. cumini), Passiflora spp* (P. alata, P. edulis or P. incarnata), Punica granatum and Casearia sylvestris. Studies have shown that the use of plants as alternatives treatment and sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity has a breakthrough in research regarding the chemical composition of each species of RENISUS relationship. Many phytochemical studies are reported compiled with possible pharmacological indications of each species. Thus enabling the use and production of herbal medicines in SUS

Efeito da adubação orgânica na produção de fitomassa e nos compostos bioativos de Passiflora incarnata L

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Classification of intact açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and jucara (Euterpe edulis Mart) fruits based on dry matter content by means of near infrared spectroscopy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phytomass and flavonoid production in different organs and phenological stages of Passiflora alata Dryander

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Henry Radcliffe Sims Papers - Accession 9

The Henry Radcliffe Sims Papers consist primarily of personal and business correspondence and offers a good source of information on the Sims family's varied interests in South Carolina, especially their businesses in Orangeburg, South Carolina. The correspondence generally deals with Henry Sims' brief military career; his presidency at Winthrop; his efforts along with his brothers' help to establish a radio station at Orangeburg; his constant concern in the Sims Publishing Company; his interest in the political and educational welfare of his nephews; his devotion to his family; and his association with various South Carolina legislators. Areas of research would perhaps include, among others, biographical information on Sims and his family; their contributions to South Carolina, especially in the area of publications (ex. Times and Democrat’s historical development). There is also material relating to Sims��� nephew, Hugo Sims Jr., and the latter’s 1946 campaign for a seat in the South Carolina House of Representatives. Correspondents include Olin Johnston, Burnet Rhett Maybank, John T. Riley and Strom Thurmond.

Soil-mediated effects on potential Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) fruit and palm heart sustainable management in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Euterpe edulis is an endangered species due to palm heart overharvesting, the most important non-timber forest product of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and fruit exploitation has been introduced as a low impacting alternative. However, E. edulis is a keystone species for frugivores birds, and even the impact of fruit exploitation needs to be better investigated. Since this species occurs over contrasting habitats, the establishment of site-specific standards and limits for exploitation may also be essential to achieve truly sustainable management. In this context, we sought to investigate how soil chemical composition would potentially affect E. edulis (Arecaceae) palm heart and fruit exploitation considering current standards of management. We studied natural populations found in Restinga Forest and Atlantic Rainforest remnants established within Natural Reserves of Sao Paulo State, SE Brazil, where 10.24 ha permanent plots, composed of a grid of 256 subplots (20 m x 20 m), were located. In each of these subplots, we evaluated soil chemical composition and diameter at breast height of E. edulis individuals. Additionally, we evaluated fruit yield in 2008 and 2009 in 20 individuals per year. The Atlantic Rainforest population had a much higher proportion of larger diameter individuals than the population from the Restinga Forest, as a result of habitat-mediated effects, especially those related to soil. Sodium and potassium concentration in Restinga Forest soils, which have strong negative and positive effect on palm growth, respectively, played a key role in determining those differences. Overall, the number of fruits that could be exploited in the Atlantic Rainforest was four times higher than in Restinga Forest. If current rules for palm heart and fruit harvesting were followed without any restriction to different habitats, Restinga Forest populations are under severe threat, as this study shows that they are not suitable for sustainable management of both fruits and palm heart. Hence, a habitat-specific approach of sustainable management is needed for this species in order to respect the demographic and ecological dynamics of each population to be managed. These findings suggest that any effort to create general management standards of low impacting harvesting may be unsuccessful if the species of interest occur over a wide range of ecosystems. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Differential seed germination of a keystone palm (Euterpe edulis) dispersed by avian frugivores

FAPESP (BIOTA Program) [2007/03392-6, 2010/04927-3]

Somatic embryogenesis of a wild passion fruit species Passiflora cincinnata Masters: histocytological and histochemical evidences

The characterization of cellular changes that occur during somatic embryogenesis is essential for understanding the factors involved in the transition of somatic cells into embryogenically competent cells and determination of cells and/or tissues involved. The present study describes the anatomical and ultrastructural events that lead to the formation of somatic embryos in the model system of the wild passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata). Mature zygotic embryos were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog induction media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine. Zygotic embryo explants at different development stages were collected and processed by conventional methods for studies using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histochemical tests were used to examine the mobilization of reserves. The differentiation of the somatic embryos began in the abaxial side of the cotyledon region. Protuberances were formed from the meristematic proliferation of the epidermal and mesophyll cells. These cells had large nuclei, dense cytoplasm with a predominance of mitochondria, and a few reserve compounds. The protuberances extended throughout the abaxial surface of the cotyledons. The ongoing differentiation of peripheral cells of these structures led to the formation of proembryogenic zones, which, in turn, dedifferentiated into somatic embryos of multicellular origin. In the initial stages of embryogenesis, the epidermal and mesophyll cells showed starch grains and less lipids and protein reserves than the starting explant. These results provide detailed information on anatomical and ultrastructural changes involved in the acquisition of embryogenic competence and embryo differentiation that has been lacking so far in Passiflora.

Charakterisierung von plasmafunktionalisierten Oberflächen mittels ToF-SIMS und multivariaten Analysemethoden

Die grundlegenden Prinzipien und Möglichkeiten der Oberflächencharakterisierung mittels ToF-SIMS (Flugzeit-Sekundärionen Massenspektrometrie) werden an ausgewählten Beispielen aus einem aktuell laufenden und vom BMBF geförderten Verbundforschungsprojekt (Fkz: 03N8022A) zum Thema Nanofunktionalisierung von Grenzflächen vorgestellt. Ein Schwerpunkt innerhalb des Projekts stellen die nichtgeschlossenen Schichtsysteme dar, die entweder über Domänenstrukturen oder einer definierten Einzelfunktionalisierung neuartige funktionelle Oberflächen bereitstellen. Mithilfe der sehr oberflächensensitiven ToF-SIMS Methode sowie der Möglichkeit einer graphischen Darstellung lateraler Molekülionenverteilungen auf funktionalisierten Oberflächen können Informationen über Struktur und Belegungsdichte der Funktionsschicht gewonnen werden. Die Kombination des ToF-SIMS Experimentes und eines multivariaten Algorithmus (partial least squares, PLS) liefert eine interessante Möglichkeit zur quantitativen und simultanen Bestimmung von Oberflächeneigenschaften (Element- und molekulare Konzentrationen sowie Kontaktwinkelwerte). Da das ToF-SIMS Spektrum einer plasmafunktionalisierten Oberfläche im Allgemeinen eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Fragmentsignale enthält, lässt eine einfache eindimensionale Korrelation (z.B. CF3 - Fragmentintensität ßà CF3-Konzentration) den größten Teil der im Spektrum prinzipiell enthaltenen Information unberücksichtigt. Aufgrund der großen Anzahl von atomaren und molekularen Signalen, die repräsentativ für die chemische Struktur der analysierten Oberflächen sind, ist es sinnvoll, diese Fülle von Informationen zur Quantifizierung der Oberflächeneigenschaften (Elementkonzentrationen, Kontaktwinkel etc.) zu verwenden. Zusätzlich ermöglicht diese Methode eine quantitative Bestimmung der Oberflächeneigenschaften auf nur µm-großen Bereichen. Das ist vorteilhaft für Untersuchungen chemisch strukturierter Oberflächen, da die Größe der Strukturierung für viele Anwendungen in einem Bereich von mehreren µm liegt. Anhand eines Beispieles aus dem biologisch-medizinischen Fachgebiet, soll der erfolgreiche Einsatz multivariater Modelle aufgezeigt werden. In diesem Experiment wurden menschlichen Bindegewebs- (Fibroblasten) und Pankreaszellen auf plasmafunktionalisiserten Oberflächen kultiviert, um die Beeinflussung der Funktionalisierung auf das Zellwachstum zu untersuchen. Die plasmabehandelten Oberflächen wurden durch die Verwendung von TEM-Gittern mit µm-großen Öffnungen chemisch strukturiert und das Wachstumsverhalten der Zellen beobachtet. Jedem dieser µm-großen Bereiche können mithilfe der multivariaten Modelle quantitative Größen zugeordnet werden (Konzentrationen und Kontaktwinkelwerte), die zur Interpretation des Wachstumsverhaltens der Zellen beitragen.