649 resultados para Palmar nerves


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Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.

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Background: Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in response to chronic biobehavioral stress results in high levels of catecholamines and persistent activation of adrenergic signaling, which promotes tumor growth and progression. However it is unknown how catecholamine levels within the tumor exceed systemic levels in circulation. I hypothesized that neo-innervation of tumors is required for stress-mediated effects on tumor growth. Results: First, I examined whether sympathetic nerves are present in human ovarian cancer samples as well as orthotopic ovarian cancer models. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for neurofilament revealed that catecholaminergic neurons are present within tumor tissue. In order to determine whether chronic stress affects the density of nerves in the tumor, I utilized an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer that was exposed to daily restraint stress. IHC analysis revealed that nerve density in tumors increased by more than three-fold in stressed animals versus non-stressed controls. IHC analysis suggested that this results from both recruitment of existing neurons (axonogenesis) as well as new neuron formation (neurogenesis) within the tumor. To determine how tumors are recruiting nerve growth, I utilized a PCR array analysis of 84 nerve growth related genes and their receptors, which showed that stimulation of the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line with norepinephrine (NE) leads to increased expression of several neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neurite extension assays showed that media conditioned by ovarian cancer cell lines is capable of inducing neurite outgrowth in differentiated neuron-like PC12 cells, and NE treatment of cancer cells potentiates this effect. Norepinephrine-induced neurite extension was abolished after BDNF silencing by siRNA, suggesting that BDNF is critical to tumor cell-induced nerve growth. in vivo BDNF inhibition resulted in complete abrogation of stress-induced increases in tumor weight and nerve density, as well as downstream markers of stress. Discussion: These studies indicate that adrenergic signalling induced by chronic stress promotes neo-innervation in the tumor microenvironment. This results in a mutually beneficial relationship between the tumor cells and neurons. This work is crucial for providing a link between chronic stress and its effects on the tumor and its microenvironment. The data shown here aims to open new venues that can be used in development of therapies designed to block the stress effects on tumor growth.

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Part 1: 1907-1908 The Royal Medical Society of Edinburg, 1907 On the Library of a Medical School, 1907 On Telangiectasis Circumscripta Universalis, 1907 A Clinical Lecture on Abdominal Tumours Associated with Disease of the Testicle, 1907 A Clinical Lecture on Erythraemia, 1908 Vienna after Thirty-Four Years, 1908 Endocardites Infectieuses Chroniques, 1908 Part 2: 1909 Chronic Infectious Endocarditis, 1909 What the Public Can Do in the Fight Against Tuberculosis, 1909 Annual Oration on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Building of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland, May 13, 1909 The Medical Library in Post-Graduate Work, 1909 The Treatment of Disease, 1909 Part 3: 1910-1911 The Pupil Symptoms in Thoracic Aneurysm, 1910 The Lumleian Lectures on Angina Pectoris, 1910 Certain Vasomotor, Sensory, and Muscular Phenomena Associated with Cervical Rib, 1910 An Address on the Hospital Unit in University Work, 1911 Sulle Telangiectasie Emorragiche Ereditarie, 1911 Transient Attacks of Aphasia and Paralyses in States of High Blood Pressure and Arterio-Sclerosis, 1911 The Pathological Institute of a General Hospital, 1911 Part 4: 1912-1914 An Address on High Blood Pressure: its Associations, Advantages, and Disadvantages, 1912 Specialism in the General Hospital, 1913 Syphilis of the Liver with the Picture of Banti’s Disease, 1913 An Introductory Address on Examinations, Examiners, and Examinees, 1913 The Medical Clinic: a retrospect and a Forecast, 1914 Part 5: 1915-1919 Remarks on the Diagnosis of Polycystic Kidney, 1915 The War and Typhoid Fever, 1914/15 The Cerebro-Spinal Fever in Camps and Barracks, 1915 Remarks on Arterio-Venous Aneurysm, 1915 Nerve & “Nerves”, 1915 Intensive Work in Science at the Public Schools in Relation to the Curriculum, 1916 Creators, Transmuters, and Transmitters, 1916 Annual Oration on the Campaign Against Syphilis, 1917 The First Printed Documents relating to Modern Surgical Anaesthesia, 1918 Observations on the Severe Anaemias of Pregnancy and the Post-Partum State, 1919 Typhoid Spine, 1919

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nerve system and Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory neuropathy involving the peripheral nerves. Anti-myelin immunoglobins may play a role in the demyelination processes of the both diseases. Sulfatide is an abundant glycolipid on myelin and is a candidate target antigen for disease related autoantibodies. The objective of this study was to characterize anti-sulfatide antibodies and compare antibodies from GBS and MS patients with fetal antibodies. Our hypothesis is that some B cells producing disease-associated autoantibodies are derived from or related to B cells of the fetal repertoire. Here we report that reactivity of plasma IgM against sulfatide was elevated in twelve MS patients compared with twelve normal subjects. This result implies that anti-sulfatide antibodies are disease-related. A total of sixteen human B lymphocyte clones producing anti-sulfatide autoantibodies were isolated from MS patients, GBS patients and a human fetus. Seven of the clones were from three MS patients, four of the clones were from three GBS patients and five were from the spleen of a twenty-week human fetus. Sequences have been obtained for the heavy and light chain variable regions (VDJ and VJ regions) of all of the anti-sulfatide immunoglobulins. Seven of the sixteen antibodies used VH3 for the variable region gene of the heavy chain consistent with the rate of VH3 usage in randomly selected B cells. Somatic mutations were significantly more frequent in the patient antibodies than in the fetus and somatic mutations in CDR's (Complementarity Determining Region) were significantly more frequent than in framework regions. No significant difference was found between patients and fetus in length of VH CDRIII. However, it is reported that antibodies from randomly selected normal adult B cells have longer CDRIII lengths than those of the fetus (Sanz I, 1991 Journal of Immunology Sep 1;147(5):1720-9). Our results are consistent with derivation of the precursors of B cells producing these autoantibodies from B cells related to those of the fetal repertoire. These findings are consistent with a model in which quiescent B cells from clones produced early in development undergo proliferation in dysregulated disease states, accumulating somatic mutations and increasing in reactivity toward self-antigens. ^ Epitope mapping and molecular modeling were done to elucidate the relationships between antibody structure and binding characteristics. The autoantibodies were tested for binding activity to three different antigens: sulfatide, galactoceramide and ceramide. Molecular modeling suggests that antibodies with positive charge surrounded by or adjacent to hydrophobic groups in the binding pocket bind to the head of sulfatide via the sulfate group through electrostatic interactions. However, the antibodies with hydrophobic groups separated from positive charges appear to bind to the hydrophobic tail of sulfatide. This observation was supported by a study of the effect of NaCl concentration on antigen binding. The result suggested that electrostatic interactions played a major role in sulfate group binding and that hydrophobic interactions were of greater importance for binding to the ceramide group. Our three-dimensional structure data indicated that epitope specificity of these antibodies is more predictable at the level of tertiary than primary structure and suggested positive selection based on structure occurred in the. formation of those autoantibodies. ^

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La realización de viajes de campaña constituye un aporte fundamental para los estudios de grado de algunas carreras. Específicamente para alumnos del área biológica es la oportunidad de aprender en ambientes informales, realizar actividades que no podrían ser desarrolladas en el laboratorio y permite construir conocimiento a través de interacciones con el ambiente que invitan a observar, identificar, medir y comparar. En esta presentación se describen las características del viaje de campaña al Palmar de Colón del curso de Fisiología Vegetal de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, con el propósito de evaluar la experiencia piloto que el equipo docente viene desarrollando y definir algunas orientaciones para mejorar su aprovechamiento. El propósito de la actividad es que los alumnos integren contenidos previos de su carrera con los específicos del curso de Fisiología Vegetal para analizar, interpretar y explicar el comportamiento adaptativo de especies en ambientes naturales. Los alumnos deben completar una guía de actividades, en la registran parámetros descriptivos de cada ambiente, rasgos morfo-fisiológicos de las especies, miden procesos vinculados con el balance de agua y carbono y discuten su posible importancia en cada ambiente. Se realiza una puesta en común sobre cada ítem fomentando la discusión e intercambio de ideas. Con el fin de que los estudiantes tengan acceso a algunos equipos utilizados en la disciplina, la cátedra aporta aquellos que permitan efectuar mediciones morfológicas y fisiológicas de caracteres y procesos vinculados con los balances de agua y carbono. Se evalúa la experiencia a través de una encuesta.

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La realización de viajes de campaña constituye un aporte fundamental para los estudios de grado de algunas carreras. Específicamente para alumnos del área biológica es la oportunidad de aprender en ambientes informales, realizar actividades que no podrían ser desarrolladas en el laboratorio y permite construir conocimiento a través de interacciones con el ambiente que invitan a observar, identificar, medir y comparar. En esta presentación se describen las características del viaje de campaña al Palmar de Colón del curso de Fisiología Vegetal de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, con el propósito de evaluar la experiencia piloto que el equipo docente viene desarrollando y definir algunas orientaciones para mejorar su aprovechamiento. El propósito de la actividad es que los alumnos integren contenidos previos de su carrera con los específicos del curso de Fisiología Vegetal para analizar, interpretar y explicar el comportamiento adaptativo de especies en ambientes naturales. Los alumnos deben completar una guía de actividades, en la registran parámetros descriptivos de cada ambiente, rasgos morfo-fisiológicos de las especies, miden procesos vinculados con el balance de agua y carbono y discuten su posible importancia en cada ambiente. Se realiza una puesta en común sobre cada ítem fomentando la discusión e intercambio de ideas. Con el fin de que los estudiantes tengan acceso a algunos equipos utilizados en la disciplina, la cátedra aporta aquellos que permitan efectuar mediciones morfológicas y fisiológicas de caracteres y procesos vinculados con los balances de agua y carbono. Se evalúa la experiencia a través de una encuesta.

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La realización de viajes de campaña constituye un aporte fundamental para los estudios de grado de algunas carreras. Específicamente para alumnos del área biológica es la oportunidad de aprender en ambientes informales, realizar actividades que no podrían ser desarrolladas en el laboratorio y permite construir conocimiento a través de interacciones con el ambiente que invitan a observar, identificar, medir y comparar. En esta presentación se describen las características del viaje de campaña al Palmar de Colón del curso de Fisiología Vegetal de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, con el propósito de evaluar la experiencia piloto que el equipo docente viene desarrollando y definir algunas orientaciones para mejorar su aprovechamiento. El propósito de la actividad es que los alumnos integren contenidos previos de su carrera con los específicos del curso de Fisiología Vegetal para analizar, interpretar y explicar el comportamiento adaptativo de especies en ambientes naturales. Los alumnos deben completar una guía de actividades, en la registran parámetros descriptivos de cada ambiente, rasgos morfo-fisiológicos de las especies, miden procesos vinculados con el balance de agua y carbono y discuten su posible importancia en cada ambiente. Se realiza una puesta en común sobre cada ítem fomentando la discusión e intercambio de ideas. Con el fin de que los estudiantes tengan acceso a algunos equipos utilizados en la disciplina, la cátedra aporta aquellos que permitan efectuar mediciones morfológicas y fisiológicas de caracteres y procesos vinculados con los balances de agua y carbono. Se evalúa la experiencia a través de una encuesta.

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La realización de viajes de campaña constituye un aporte fundamental para los estudios de grado de algunas carreras. Específicamente para alumnos del área biológica es la oportunidad de aprender en ambientes informales, realizar actividades que no podrían ser desarrolladas en el laboratorio y permite construir conocimiento a través de interacciones con el ambiente que invitan a observar, identificar, medir y comparar. En esta presentación se describen las características del viaje de campaña al Palmar de Colón del curso de Fisiología Vegetal de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, con el propósito de evaluar la experiencia piloto que el equipo docente viene desarrollando y definir algunas orientaciones para mejorar su aprovechamiento. El propósito de la actividad es que los alumnos integren contenidos previos de su carrera con los específicos del curso de Fisiología Vegetal para analizar, interpretar y explicar el comportamiento adaptativo de especies en ambientes naturales. Los alumnos deben completar una guía de actividades, en la registran parámetros descriptivos de cada ambiente, rasgos morfo-fisiológicos de las especies, miden procesos vinculados con el balance de agua y carbono y discuten su posible importancia en cada ambiente. Se realiza una puesta en común sobre cada ítem fomentando la discusión e intercambio de ideas. Con el fin de que los estudiantes tengan acceso a algunos equipos utilizados en la disciplina, la cátedra aporta aquellos que permitan efectuar mediciones morfológicas y fisiológicas de caracteres y procesos vinculados con los balances de agua y carbono. Se evalúa la experiencia a través de una encuesta.

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The tissue distribution and ontogeny of Na+/K+-ATPase has been examined as an indicator for ion-regulatory epithelia in whole animal sections of embryos and hatchlings of two cephalopod species: the squid Loligo vulgaris and the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. This is the first report of the immunohistochemical localization of cephalopod Na+/K+-ATPase with the polyclonal antibody alpha (H-300) raised against the human alpha1-subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase. Na+/K+-ATPase immunoreactivity was observed in several tissues (gills, pancreatic appendages, nerves), exclusively located in baso-lateral membranes lining blood sinuses. Furthermore, large single cells in the gill of adult L. vulgaris specimens closely resembled Na+/K+-ATPase-rich cells described in fish. Immunohistochemical observations indicated that the amount and distribution of Na+/K+-ATPase in late cuttlefish embryos was similar to that found in juvenile and adult stages. The ion-regulatory epithelia (e.g., gills, excretory organs) of the squid embryos and paralarvae exhibited less differentiation than adults. Na+/K+-ATPase activities for whole animals were higher in hatchlings of S. officinalis (157.0 ± 32.4 µmol/g FM/h) than in those of L. vulgaris (31.8 ± 3.3 µmol/g FM/h). S. officinalis gills and pancreatic appendages achieved activities of 94.8 ± 18.5 and 421.8 ± 102.3 µmol ATP/g FM/h, respectively. High concentrations of Na+/K+-ATPase in late cephalopod embryos might be important in coping with the challenging abiotic conditions (low pH, high pCO2) that these organisms encounter inside their eggs. Our results also suggest a higher sensitivity of squid vs. cuttlefish embryos to environmental acid-base disturbances.

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— In 2000, according to the World Health Organization, at least 171 million people, 2.8% of the population worldwide, suffered from diabetes. The Centres for Disease Control has defined it as an epidemic disease. Its incidence is increasing rapidly, and it is estimated that by 2030 this number will almost double. Diabetes mellitus occurs throughout the world, but is more common (especially type 2) in the more developed countries. Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when pancreas does not assure enough insulin secretion or when the body does not consume the insulin produced. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. The effect of uncontrolled diabetes is the hyperglycaemia (blood sugar), which eventually seriously damage many organs and systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. Diabetes type 2 (most common type of diabetes) is highly correlated with elderly people, obesity or overweight. Promoting a healthy lifestyle helps patients to improve their quality of life and in many cases to avoid complications related to the disease. This paper is intended to describe an iPhone-based application for self-management of type 2 diabetic patients, which allow them improving their lifestyle through healthy diet, physical activity and education

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El trabajo se desarrolló en tres etapas de investigación, las dos primeras fueron realizadas en la Unidad Básica de Producción Cooperativa “El Palmar” perteneciente a la Empresa de Cultivos Varios "Paquito Rosales Benítez" del municipio de Yara, provincia de Granma, Cuba, el cual se llevó a cabo en el período de abril de 2005 a enero de 2008; y de noviembre de 2012 a febrero de 2013 respectivamente; la tercera se ejecutó de mayo a junio de 2013 en un canal de suelo ubicado en la nave de maquinaria del Departamento de Ingeniería Rural de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. En la primera etapa se evaluaron los conjuntos tractor-apero que intervienen en la realización de cuatro sistemas de labranza para el cultivo de la yuca, variedad Enana Rosada. Los sistemas de laboreo fueron: T1, labor de aradura (alzado) con un arado de discos seguidas de un pase de grada de discos un pase cruzado de un escarificador y un pase con una grada de discos (5 labores); T2, laboreo mínimo que comprende una labor profunda con un escarificador con saetas seguido por una labor de grada de discos (2 labores); T3, laboreo mínimo en el que se realizaron dos pases cruzados con escarificador y una labor de fresado con una fresadora de eje horizontal (3 labores) y; T4, dos labores cruzadas con la grada de discos seguidas por otras dos pases cruzados con el escarificador y una última labor con la grada de discos (5 labores). Se realizaron cinco observaciones de la jornada laboral para cada uno de los conjuntos tractorapero de cada sistema de laboreo en tres campañas, evaluando el consumo de combustible, las diferentes productividades, los índices y coeficientes tecnológicos y de explotación, el rendimiento del cultivo el balance energético del mismo, y la emisión de CO2 equivalente. En la segunda etapa se determinó la fuerza de tiro requerida por un órgano de trabajo de un escarificador con saetas en condiciones de campo, en tres profundidades (15, 25 y 35 cm) y a cuatro velocidades de trabajo (1,30; 1,49; 1,65 y 2,32 m s-1). En la tercera etapa se determinaron las fuerzas horizontales y verticales en una maqueta experimental de un órgano de trabajo de un escarificador con saetas (1:5 del tamaño real del apero) en cuatro contenidos de humedad (60, 90, 120 y 150 g kg-1), tres densidades del suelo (1,1; 1,2 y 1,3 Mg m-3) y una velocidad de 40 mm s-1. Se comparan los resultados del apero a tamaño real y la maqueta experimental. Los mejores resultados relacionados con los indicadores evaluados a la maquinaria correspondieron al sistema de laboreo mínimo T2, el cual presenta la mejor productividad por hora de tiempo limpio (1,34 ha h-1) y de tiempo operativo (1,27 ha h-1), con diferencias significativas respecto al resto de los sistemas de labranza evaluados; así como el menor consumo de combustible (32,4 L ha-1) y el mejor comportamiento energético, con diferencias significativas respecto a las demás, resultando inferior en un 63, 30 y 58 % con relación a T1, T3 y T4. La fuerza de tiro del órgano de trabajo del escarificador con saetas se incrementa con la densidad del suelo y con la profundidad, y velocidad de trabajo. Las fuerzas horizontales y verticales de la maqueta se incrementan linealmente con la densidad y humedad del suelo. Existe una relación lineal entre las fuerzas de tiro y horizontales medidas en el apero real y en el apero a escala con el contenido de humedad del suelo. ABSTRACT The work was developed in three stages of research, the first two were conducted in the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production "El Palmar" belonging to the agricultural farm "Paquito Rosales Benitez" in the municipality of Yara, Granma Province, Cuba, the which was conducted in the period from April 2005 to January 2008 and November 2012 and February 2013 respectively, the third from May to June 2013 on a soilbin located in the ship's machinery of Rural Engineering Department of the Technical University of Madrid. In the first stage were evaluated tractor-implement sets involved in the completion of four tillage systems for cassava, Pink Dwarf variety. Tillage systems were: T1, plowing (elevation) with a disk plow followed by a pass of disc harrow, a cross of scarifier and a pass with a disc harrow (5 labours), T2, minimum tillage comprising a deep work with a scarifier with a bolt followed by a disc harrow work (two labours); T3, minimum tillage which two crossed passes performed with scarifier and milling labour with a horizontal axis milling machine (three labours) and, T4, two crossed labours with disc harrow followed by two crossed passes with the scarifier and a final labour with disc harrow (5 labours). Five observations of the working day for each tractor-implement sets of each tillage system in three seasons were performed, evaluating fuel consumption, different productivities, indexes and technological and operational factors, the crop yield energy balance and the emission of CO2 equivalent. In the second stage we determined the draft force required by a working body of a scarifier with bolt under field conditions at three depths (15, 25 and 35 cm) and four operating speeds (1.30, 1.49 , 1.65 and 2.32 m s-1). In the third stage were determined horizontal and vertical forces on an experimental model of a working body of a scarifier with bolt (1:5 real scale of the implement) in four moisture contents (60, 90, 120 and 150 g kg -1), three soil densities (1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 Mg m-3) and a speed of 40 mm s-1.The results of real scale implement the experimental model were compared. The best results related to evaluated machinery indicators corresponded to T2 minimum tillage system, which presents the best productivity per hour clean time (1.34 ha h-1) and operating time (1.27 ha h-1), with significant differences compared to other tillage systems evaluated; as well as lower fuel consumption (32.4 L ha-1) and the best energy performance, with significant differences from the other, resulting lower by 63, 30 and 58% compared to T1, T3 and T4. The draft force of the working body of the scarifier with bolt increases with soil density and depth, and speed of work. The horizontal and vertical forces of the model increase linearly with density and soil moisture. A linear relationship exists between the shot and horizontal forces measured at the real implement and scale implement with the soil moisture content.

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The aim of this work is an approach using multisensor remote sensing techniques to recognize the potential remains and recreate the original landscape of three archaeological sites. We investigate the spectral characteristics of the reflectance parameter and emissivity in the pattern recognition of archaeological materials in several hyperspectral scenes of the prehispanic site in Palmar Sur (Costa Rica), the Jarama Valley site and the celtiberian city of Segeda in Spain. Spectral ranges of the visible-near infrared (VNIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) from hyperspectral data cubes of HyMAP, AHS, MASTER and ATM have been used. Several experiments on natural scenarios of Costa Rica and Spain of different complexity, have been designed. Spectral patterns and thermal anomalies have been calculated as evidences of buried remains and change detection. First results, land cover change analyses and their consequences in the digital heritage registration are discussed.

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En los países en desarrollo una de las prioridades que deben abordarse es la correcta gestión de los recursos hídricos que se ve amenazada por muchos factores, incluyendo el cambio rápido del uso del suelo, el cambio climático y, a menudo, la mala gestión. En este contexto se analiza la Cuenca Grande del rio Térraba en Costa Rica evaluando el cambio de uso del suelo desde 1986 a 2014 y, en particular, la evolución del conflicto de uso del suelo con respecto a su capacidad. Los cambios de uso del suelo pueden generar impactos relevantes tanto en la calidad del agua, como en los regíme-nes de caudales afectando a procesos esenciales, como la capacidad de retención de agua en el sue-lo, la escorrentía y la erosión. Para hacer frente a estos y otros impactos, el Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica está desarrollando Planes de Seguridad del Agua (PSA) con una metodología propuesta por la OMS, promoviendo su adopción por todas las instituciones gestoras de agua para el consumo humano. A partir de las conclusiones del primer bloque, se elabora un PSA aplicado a un acueducto local que tiene problemas comunes a muchos de los sistemas de distribución rurales del Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. En el marco de esta formulación se fortalece la institución gestora comunitaria (ASADA de Uvita y Bahía) y se evalúan las deficiencias que identificadas en este proceso, propo-niendo medidas correctivas. En el tercer bloque, profundizando en las medidas adoptadas para la seguridad del agua, se apoya a un segundo ente de distribución de agua (ASADA de Palmar Sur) con el diseño y proyecto de un sistema de desinfección para garantizar la seguridad contra la con-taminación bacteriana. Se evalúan diferentes alternativas y se selecciona la mejor tecnología adap-tada a las necesidades específicas de la ASADA mediante la evaluación de los recursos económicos y humanos potenciales del mismo ente.