Freedom is everybody's job! : the crime of the government against the negro people; summation in the trial of the 11 communist leaders /

Cover title.

Measures of overlap of income distributions of white and Negro families in the United States /

"A United States Department of Commerce publication."

The claims of the Negro, ethnologically considered. : An address before the literary societies of Western Reserve College, at commencement, July 12, 1854. /

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Volcanic setting of the Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Farallon Negro Volcanics, Northwest Argentina

The late Miocene Farallon Negro volcanics, comprising basaltic to rhyodacitic volcano-sedimentary rocks, host the Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry copper-gold deposit in northwest Argentina. Early studies of the geology of the district have underpinned the general model for porphyry ore deposits where hydrothermal alteration and mineralization develop in and around porphyritic intrusions emplaced at shallow depths (2.5-3.5 km) into stratovolcanic assemblages. The Farallon Negro succession is dominated by thick sequences of volcano-sedimentary breccias, with lavas forming a minor component volumetrically. These volcaniclastic rocks conformably overlie crystalline basement-derived sedimentary rocks deposited in a developing foreland basin southeast of the Puna-Altiplano plateau. Within the Farallon Negro volcanics, volcanogenic accumulations evolved from early mafic to intermediate and silicic compositions. The younger and more silicic rocks are demonstrably coeval and comagmatic with the earliest group of mineralized porphyritic intrusions at Bajo de la Alumbrera. Our analysis of the volcanic stratigraphy and facies architecture of the Farallon Negro volcanics indicates that volcanic eruptions evolved from effusive to mixed effusive and explosive styles, as magma compositions changed to more intermediate and silicic compositions. Air early phase of mafic to intermediate voleanism was characterized by small synsedimentary intrusions with peperitic contacts, and lesser lava units scattered widely throughout the district, and interbedded with thick and extensive successions of coarse-grained sedimentary breccias. These sedimentary breccias formed from numerous debris- and hyperconcentrated flow events. A later phase of silicic volcanism included both effusive eruptions, forming several areally restricted lavas, and explosive eruptions, producing more widely dispersed (up to 5 kin) tuff units, some tip to 30-m thickness in proximal sections. Four key features of the volcanic stratigraphy suggest that the Farallon Negro volcanics need not simply record the construction of a large steep-sided polygenetic stratovolcano: (1) sheetlike, laterally continuous debris-flow and other coarse-grained sedimentary deposits are dominant, particularly in the lower sections; (2) mafic-intermediate composition lavas are volumetrically minor; (3) peperites are present throughout the sequence; and (4) fine-grained lacustrine sandstone-siltstone sequences occur in areas previously thought to be proximal to the summit region of the stratovolcano. Instead, the nature, distribution, and geometry of volcanic and volcaniclastic facies suggest that volcanism occurred as a relatively low relief, multiple-vent volcanic complex at the eastern edge of a broad, > 200-km-wide late Miocene volcanic belt and oil ail active foreland sedimentary basin to the Puna-Altiplano. Volcanism that occurred synchronously with the earliest stages of porphyry-related mineralization at Bajo de la Alumbrera apparently developed in an alluvial to ring plain setting that was distal to larger volcanic edifices.

Poder simbólico alternativo e identidade étnica no Brasil: estudo do Instituto do Negro Padre Batista na sua luta pelos direitos de igualdade racial

Esse trabalho faz parte dos estudos das Ciências Sociais que procuram analisar as relações existentes entre o campo religioso afro-católico e o campo político brasileiro na recomposição das identidades étnicas. É um estudo de um caso . Investiga o Instituto do Negro Padre Batista (INPB). Este é uma Organização Não Governamental (ONG) negra de São Paulo que faz parte do movimento eclesial afro-católico da década de 1980, foi fundado pelo falecido Padre Batista em 1987 para atender às demandas dos afro-descendentes...(AU)

Aplicação da perlita expandida modificada com ortofenantrolina na remoção do negro de eriocromo T em águas residuais geradas em laboratórios de ensino de química

In this study, we carried out the study of Eriochrome black T removal using expanded perlite modified orthophenanthroline by adsorption technique. The study of the adsorption process was performed by investigating the effect of the initial dye concentration, contact time and pH range of the solution (acidic and alkaline) in the adsorption process, for a so-called synthetic effluent (aqueous solution of black eriochrome T) and a real effluent (generated from the test for determining the water hardness, by complexation titration). The materials were characterized by Thermogravimetry / Differential Thermal Analysis (TG / DTA), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared (IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By analysis of XRD observed thinking on orthophenanthroline the modified expanded perlite. And by IR analysis showed an increase in intensity and a detailed enlargement of the absorption band related to the axial deformation of the OH bond of silanol groups of perlite (Si-OH). In the equilibration time of the study, in the evaluated time range (5-230 min) was not possible to observe the existence of a balance of time, probably attributed to the type of interaction between the Eriochrome black-T and the expanded perlite modified orthophenanthroline, being an interaction of surface origin. In the study effect of the initial concentration of the adsorbate in the case 2,0x10-4 mol / L natural pH (pH 5) gave the highest removal percentage value of eriochrome T black color with 63.74 % removal in 20 minutes of contact. In evaluating the effect of varying the pH of Eriochrome black T solution in the adsorption process, it was found that the more acidic the environment, the greater the percentage stain removal, being a result of acid-base interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent. In T Eriochrome black removal study in real effluent we used the optimized conditions by studying with synthetic sewage. The dye removal at pH 10, natural pH of the effluent was no significant reaching the maximum amount of color removal percentage of 8.12%, obtained already at pH 3 with maximum color removal 100.00% of color, once more proving that eriochrome black T and effectively interact better with the adsorbent at acid pH values (pH 5 or 3), and most efficiently at pH 3. thus one can mention that the perlite expanded (an amorphous aluminosilicate naturally acid) modified with orthophenanthroline (one Bronsted base) consists of a master and effective removal of coloring material in the acid-type aqueous solution, the conditions expressed in this study, can be applied as an adsorbent of this dye also mums real effluent.

Cuaderno de hule negro

El poeta nicaragüense Rubén Darío fue uno de los principales representantes del modernismo y uno de los escritores que han tenido mayor influencia en la literatura en lengua española de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Su archivo personal, formado por más de 5.000 documentos, reúne materiales producidos entre los años 1893-1923 relativos a su actividad diplomática, a la literaria y a su vida personal. La tipología documental es muy variada: borradores, fotografías, cartas, notas manuscritas, postales, tarjetas de visita, testamentos, telegramas, recortes de prensa, oficios, facturas, menús, etc. Entre todos ellos podemos destacar el "cuaderno de hule negro" que contiene poemas autógrafos de Darío, dibujos infantiles y otros escritos relativos a su ámbito familiar más íntimo. Está inventariado dentro del Archivo con el nº 540, carpeta 6. Se trata de un cuaderno escolar, con tapas de hule, que llevó consigo Rubén Darío durante su viaje a Nicaragua de 1907 a 1908 y que trajo de regreso a España. Tanto las tapas de hule como las páginas acusan la acción del tiempo, así como la huella de otros usos, como el de servir de cuaderno de dibujo para su hijo Rubén Darío Sánchez "Güicho", ya de vuelta en el hogar, apreciándose dibujos infantiles, rayas y garabatos a lápiz en casi todas las páginas, incluso en la que contienen autógrafos de Darío. Faltan cuatro hojas al principio y las páginas han sido numeradas a posteriori. Las primeras 38 contienen una serie de composiciones poéticas autógrafas, completas e incompletas de Rubén, varios poemas editados, algunos de ellos con variantes entre las versiones autógrafas y las versiones impresas, tratándose de los primeros originales, y varios poemas y cinco estrofas de un poema inéditos. Destacan el "Poema de otoño" (páginas 1-11), incompleto, y el manuscrito original del poema "Canción otoñal" (páginas 13-14). Abriendo el cuaderno por el final (páginas 41-59) se observan páginas copiadas por Francisca Sánchez, en letra irregular, probablemente de un capítulo de la novela inédita de Darío "La isla del oro". Francisca fue la compañera del poeta desde 1899 y a ella la enseñaron a escribir el propio Darío y Amado Nervo. En la página 40 del cuaderno se observa una curiosa anotación de puño y letra de Darío con claves telegráficas para comunicarse Rubén y Francisca. Tras el fallecimiento de Rubén en 1916, Francisca Sánchez custodió el conjunto documental en un baúl en su hogar de Navalsaúz (Ávila) hasta 1956, cuando decidió donarlo al Ministerio Español de Educación Nacional. El archivo permaneció en la Facultad de Filología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid hasta 2008. En esta fecha ingresó en la Biblioteca Histórica de la UCM, institución que alberga y da servicio público del Archivo actualmente

O negro na construção da identidade nacional: auto e heteroimagens no romance abolicionista cubano e brasileiro

Die vorliegende Arbeit nahm sich vor, das Bild des Afroamerikaners in jeweils zwei kubanischen und brasilianischen Romanen des 19. Jahrhunderts zu analysieren: El negro Francisco, Cecilia Valdés, A escrava Isaura und O mulato. Das Hauptziel war es, zu untersuchen, wie das Bild des Afroabstammenden von den Autoren angeeignet und instrumentalisiert wurde, um Veränderungen in ihren Gesellschaften zu erzielen. Darüber hinaus, versuchte man darzustellen, wie der Afroamerikaner und seine Kultur aus dem kubanischen und brasilianischen nationalen Projekt ausgeschlossen wurden. Zunächst wurden die Haupttheorien über die Konstruktion von Auto- und Heterostereotypen vorgestellt und auf die Relevanz der Stereotypenbildung im kolonialen Kontext hingewiesen. Daraufhin wurde der historische Kontext der Sklaverei und der Abolition in Kuba und in Brasilien dargelegt. Auf diese Basis wurden die Werke analysiert. Im letzten Kapitel wurde auf die Resultate der Fragestellungen eingegangen, die die vorliegende Arbeit geleitet haben. Solche wie: Welche Bilder der Weißen und der Schwarzen wurden in den Werken kreiert? Wie positioniert sich der Autor bezüglich der Abolition und der Vermischung der Ethnien? Welche Bedeutung hatten die ethnischen Diskurse im kubanischen und brasilianischen kollektiven Gedächtnis des 19. Jahrhunderts? Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Bild des Afroamerikaners in den Romanen verwendet wurde, um die Zukunft der eigenen Nation zu projizieren, von der der Schwarze nur ein Teil werden könnte, wenn er die weiße Kultur und Hautfarbe annehmen würde, das heißt, wenn er sich dem Prozess eines physischen und kulturellen „branqueamento“ unterziehen würde. Die abolitionistische Narrative, auch wenn sie nach außen hin dem Schwarzen zu verteidigen scheint, trug in Wahrheit zur Fixierung und Perpetuierung der ethnischen Stereotype bei, die die Schwarzen in den marginalen Sphären der Gesellschaft verewigten und die Macht in den Händen der Weißen konsolidierten.