Microstructure of the crystals generated in borate glass irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses

In this study, we examined the microstructure of crystals generated in borate glass by femtosecond laser irradiation (FSLI). The distribution of the high-temperature and low-temperature phases of barium metaborate crystals produced in the borate glass is analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. We then propose the possible mechanism for the generation of crystals in glass by FSLI.

Genome-wide analysis of restriction-modification system in unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of gram-negative bacteria with strong genome size variation ranging from 1.6 to 9.1 Mb. Here, we first retrieved all the putative restriction-modification (RM) genes in the draft genome of Spirulina and then performed a range of comparative and bioinformatic analyses on RM genes from unicellular and filamentous cyanobacterial genomes. We have identified 6 gene clusters containing putative Type I RMs and 11 putative Type II RMs or the solitary methyltransferases (MTases). RT-PCR analysis reveals that 6 of 18 MTases are not expressed in Spirulina, whereas one hsdM gene, with a mutated cognate hsdS, was detected to be expressed. Our results indicate that the number of RM genes in filamentous cyanobacteria is significantly higher than in unicellular species, and this expansion of RM systems in filamentous cyanobacteria may be related to their wide range of ecological tolerance. Furthermore, a coevolutionary pattern is found between hsdM and hsdR, with a large number of site pairs positively or negatively correlated, indicating the functional importance of these pairing interactions between their tertiary structures. No evidence for positive selection is found for the majority of RMs, e. g., hsdM, hsdS, hsdR, and Type II restriction endonuclease gene families, while a group of MTases exhibit a remarkable signature of adaptive evolution. Sites and genes identified here to have been under positive selection would provide targets for further research on their structural and functional evaluations.

Genome-wide analysis of restriction-modification system in unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of gram-negative bacteria with strong genome size variation ranging from 1.6 to 9.1 Mb. Here, we first retrieved all the putative restriction-modification (RM) genes in the draft genome of Spirulina and then performed a range of comparative and bioinformatic analyses on RM genes from unicellular and filamentous cyanobacterial genomes. We have identified 6 gene clusters containing putative Type I RMs and 11 putative Type II RMs or the solitary methyltransferases (MTases). RT-PCR analysis reveals that 6 of 18 MTases are not expressed in Spirulina, whereas one hsdM gene, with a mutated cognate hsdS, was detected to be expressed. Our results indicate that the number of RM genes in filamentous cyanobacteria is significantly higher than in unicellular species, and this expansion of RM systems in filamentous cyanobacteria may be related to their wide range of ecological tolerance. Furthermore, a coevolutionary pattern is found between hsdM and hsdR, with a large number of site pairs positively or negatively correlated, indicating the functional importance of these pairing interactions between their tertiary structures. No evidence for positive selection is found for the majority of RMs, e. g., hsdM, hsdS, hsdR, and Type II restriction endonuclease gene families, while a group of MTases exhibit a remarkable signature of adaptive evolution. Sites and genes identified here to have been under positive selection would provide targets for further research on their structural and functional evaluations.

海洋中天然高分子有机物来源、结构物片以及碎屑小生境非平衡态现象的研究

海洋高分子有机物在水生态系统中具有很重要的作用。以生化稳定性为特征的腐植质能促进生物细胞的呼吸和营养盐吸收；腐化过程使生化反应的中部分生物转化为相对的物质从而增加生态系统中有机物的稳定性；腐植质还参与液－液、液－固和气－液界面过程对许多微量元素的生物地球化学循环有很大的影响。论文首次用GDX－102树脂从硅藻代谢产物和分解产物中分离提取腐植质（EHS、DHS）以及乙醇可溶物（EES、DES）。用~1H-NMR、IR和紫外光进行结构分析并同海水腐蚀植质（HS）和乙醇可溶物（ES）进行比较。在测定~3H-NMR谱时，样品先在加有NaOD和D_2O溶液中溶解50天，结果得到结构信息十分丰富的谱图。HSEHS和DHS经碱水解后，许多小分子（如甲酸、甲醇、醋酸等）从大分子网络中释放出来，在~1H-NMR谱中出现许多离散尖峰，反映了它们前体物质的相似性。HS、EHS、和DHS都含有较多的高支链烷烃、碳水化合物和氨基酸结构及少量的芳烃和杂环化合物。另外，EHS和DHS中含有许多活性基团如腈基（可能是蛋白质、核本和卟啉的分解产物）、参键等，说明其仍处于腐植化过程中。结果表明，浮游植物分解产物和代谢产物是海水植质的重要来源。~1-NMR和IR谱表明，ES、EES和DES结构差别较大。ES和DES含有大量高支链烷烃（可能来源于藻类中的类脂化合物），而在EES中烷烃含量相对很少。ES、EES和DES具有不同类型的羰基（IR谱上的吸收峰分另为1720cm~(-1)、1750cm~(-1)、1680cm~(-1)）；另外，三者与氧、氮相连的α－碳上的质子类型也有很大不同。EES的低含量高支链烷烃（高支链烷结构不易被细菌降解）以及DES中含有复杂的降解产物组份表明它们潜在的不稳定性。海洋环境中广泛存在着松散的絮状聚合物－－海洋雪。海洋雪是光合作用过程和营养盐循环的重要场所，作为大洋中特殊微环境－－碎屑小生境具有和周围水体明显不同的生化性质，如有很高的新陈代谢活性，在海洋的物质、能量流动中起着重要作用。实验研究了碎小生境演分过程中特殊营养盐迁移过程和脱氢酶活性的变化，认为碎聚合物表面不仅有微生物群落的演替，而且存在非平衡过程的连续变化。当碎表面有机物氧化，O_2被消耗碳出现氧化还原电位梯度时，在时间分布上NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、CO_3~(2-) 可分别成为缺微区代谢过程的最终电子受体。而碎小生境氧化还原电位梯度的存在使一些要求不同氧化还原势的过程紧靠在一起进行，即在碎屑表面分布上存在不同的电子最终受体。具有特殊性质的碎屑小生境允许一些在周围水体中不能进行或受抑制的特殊营养盐迁移过程（如固氮、硝化、反硝化、氨化甚至发酵）在碎屑表面进行。对于碎屑小生境非平衡态过程的改变，作为一种适应，微生群落重新调节新陈代谢，在分叉点附近，脱氢酶活性增大。因此，碎屑小生境是一个时空有序的半封闭结构。论文还对碎屑小生境的涨落和稳定性机制作了探讨。

Classical and quantum aspects of the extended antifield formalism

Agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur, Orientation sciences

Photophysique et photochimie de complexes mono- et bifonctionnels du ruthénium (II), photosondes de l'adn et agents inhibiteurs de la transcription

Doctorat en Sciences

Getrocknete Stimmen. Menschen mit Behinderung benutzen Kassettenrekorder

Der Autor stellt drei Thesen zu der Fragestellung „Wie gehen Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene alltagstauglich mit dem Kassettenrekorder um?“ auf, die er in drei Anläufen begründet: „Es geht zunächst um Alltag und wie sich Menschen mit Benachteiligungen und Behinderung darin bewegen. In einem zweiten Anlauf [skizziert er] kurz die gegenwärtigen sonderpädagogische Fragestellungen und deren Aufmerksamkeit für das Hören und Zuhören … [Daraus] soll deutlich werden, wie man mit O-Tönen Sollbruchstellen herstellen kann, und wie sich eine solche Praxis begründen lässt.“ Indem junge Menschen mit Behinderung mit Audiorekordern ihren Alltag erkunden, kehrt sich durch die Erkundungsform Interview die bisher erlebte asymmetrische Kommunikationssituation um, weil selbst über Inhalt, Anfang und Ende einer Kommunikation bestimmt werden kann. Somit begründen Audioclips Erfahrung von Kommunikationssouveränität. (Orig./Autor)

Validations of high-rank syntaxa in Potamogetonetea and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae

This paper presents the validation of five syntaxonomic concepts –two orders (Callitricho hamulatae-Ranunculetalia aquatilis, Zannichellietalia pedicellatae) and three alliances (Ranunculion aquatilis, Nelumbion nuciferae and Caricion viridulo-trinervis).

Alien gosd in the new epics: Noah remythologised through the ancient astronaut hypothesis in Abel's Montagut's "La gesta d'Utnoa"

Modern scientific world-view has undermined traditional myths, the functional survival of which seems to depend today in the West on a positivist justification. This would place them in the field of real History, through their study and revitalization by pseudoscientific disciplines such as the Atlantis and the ancient astronaut hypotheses. These have inspired new epic poems in (regular) verse that combine classic and/or biblical myths with a (pseudo)scientific modern world-view. For example, the critical rewriting of Noah’s myth by using the ancient astronaut hypothesis as a fictional device to produce a contemporary kind of plausibility allowed Abel Montagut to renew epic poetry, updating it also by adopting science fiction chronotopes in order to structure his fictional construction and to generate a high ethical sense for our time. Thus, his Poemo de Utnoa (1993) / La gesta d’Utnoa (1996), which has become a major classic of the literature in Esperanto thanks to its original version in this language, is a landmark of both science fiction and neo-biblical epics. This poem is written from a secular and purely literary perspective.

Constructing Cultural Policies in Romania. A possible model for communicating the national value system

The premise of this paper is that a model for communicating the national value system must start from a strategy aimed at the identification, the cultivation and communication of values that give consistency to the value system. The analysis concentrates on the elements of such strategies and on the implications of applying a value communication program on the identity architecture of the community. The paper will also discuss the role of the national value system in the context of the emerging global culture, where the individual has the power to create his/her own hybrid cultural model.

An atypical 7q11.23 deletion in a normal IQ Williams-Beuren syndrome patient.

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS; OMIM no. 194050) is a multisystemic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a hemizygous deletion of 1.55 Mb on chromosome 7q11.23 spanning 28 genes. Haploinsufficiency of the ELN gene was shown to be responsible for supravalvular aortic stenosis and generalized arteriopathy, whereas LIMK1, CLIP2, GTF2IRD1 and GTF2I genes were suggested to be linked to the specific cognitive profile and craniofacial features. These insights for genotype-phenotype correlations came from the molecular and clinical analysis of patients with atypical deletions and mice models. Here we report a patient showing mild WBS physical phenotype and normal IQ, who carries a shorter 1 Mb atypical deletion. This rearrangement does not include the GTF2IRD1 and GTF2I genes and only partially the BAZ1B gene. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that hemizygosity of the GTF2IRD1 and GTF2I genes might be involved in the facial dysmorphisms and in the specific motor and cognitive deficits observed in WBS patients.

Les dîners artistiques et littéraires de Paris (2e éd.) / Auguste Lepage

Collection : Bibliothèque des Deux mondes

Breviarium Silvanectense, pars aestivalis.

F. 3 Calendrier de Senlis. Cf. Morel, dans Bull. Soc. hist. Compiègne, XIV (1911), 353-399. F. 9 Psautier, litanies de Senlis et « preces ». F. 102 Bénédictions pour les leçons de matines. F. 103-173 Temporal : — De Trinitate (170). F. 173-307v Sanctoral : — s. Frambourg (234v) ; — s. Vigor (286) ; — ss. Agricole et Vital (307). F. 307v Commun des saints. F. 1-2v et 335-336v Fragments d'offices notés des XIe, XIIe et XVe dim. après la Pentecôte (début XIIIe s.).