Hezbollah and Taliban - hybrid adversaries in contemporary conflicts? : views on an adversary from the United States Armed Forces perspective

The experiences of the United States Armed Forces of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and Israel Defense Forces in the Second Lebanon War resulted a new term to surface called “hybrid warfare”. It was to describe the complexity of today’s battlefield. The term “hy-brid warfare” was never officially defined nor is it today. The updated version of the US ARMY Field Manual 3-0: Operations (Change 1) from February 22, 2011, introduced and defined “hybrid threat” and thus opened the discussion for hybrid adversary. In this thesis a model is introduced according to which any organization, group or an ad-versary can be examined and evaluated to see whether it qualifies as a hybrid adversary. It is demonstrated by the example of Hezbollah, which is recognized as the best example of an organization utilizing “hybrid warfare” and subsequently categorizing as a hybrid adver-sary. The model will be tested with Afghan Taliban to see whether both the model works and Taliban qualifies as a hybrid adversary or not. According to the model used in this thesis, it is concluded that Taliban does not meet the standards of a hybrid adversary, but with acquisition of standoff weapons it would quickly qualify as one. The model proved to work, and it could be used as a tool by intelligence of-ficers for estimating the threat levels of any group or identifying those groups that are al-ready or are about to develop into a hybrid adversary.

A Test Bed Applied Mobile Robot Navigation

It is presented a test bed applied to studies on dynamics, control, and navigation of mobile robots. A cargo ship scale model was chosen, which can be radio-controlled or operated autonomously through an embedded control system. A control program, which manages on board mission execution, is implemented on a microcontroller. Navigation is based on an electronic compass, which includes automatic compensation for pitch and roll motions. Heading control loop is based on this sensor, and on a rudder positioning system. A propulsion control system is also implemented. Typical manoeuvres as the turning test and "zig-zag", were implemented and tested. They are included on a manoeuvre library, and can be accessed independently or in combined modes. The embedded system is also in charge of signal acquisition and storing during the missions. It is possible to analyse experiments on identification of ship dynamics, control, and navigation, through the data transferred to a PC by serial communication. Navigation is going to be improved by including inertial sensors on board, and a DGPS. Preliminary tests are aimed to ship identification, and manoeuvrability, using free model tests. Future steps include extending this system for developing other mobile robots as, ROVs, AUVs, and aerial vehicles.

Saksa protestanttisen lähetystyön synnyinmaana ja islamilaisen muuttoliikkeen kohdemaana

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Extraits de comptes royaux, du XVe et du XVIe s. principalement relatifs aux chanceliers et aux secrétaires du roi, par Galland.

Missions étrangères.

Extraits pour l'hist d'Aragon par Galand.

Missions étrangères.

Shi wei.

Double.Impression plus nette.

綸音特典Lun yin te dian.Édit solennel.

Relatif à un voyage fait par l'Empereur (1705).

Chinois 4935

Contient : I太平萬年書Tai ping wan nian shu.Traités sur le système du monde ; II南京羅主教神道碑記Nan jing luo zhu jiao shen dao bei ji.Épitaphe du R. P. Alexandre Ciceri, évêque de Nanking

妄推吉凶辯Wang zhui ji xiong bian.Réfutation de Yang Guang xian et des devins.

Par le P. Verbiest (1669) ; texte avec annotations dans la marge supérieure. Gravé de nouveau à Canton, au Da yuan tang.

天工開物Tian gong kai wu.Traités des industries diverses.

Par Song Ying xing, de Feng xin ; préface de l'auteur (1637). Texte avec figures nombreuses : nourriture, vêtement, condiments, terre cuite, fer, voitures et bateaux, métaux, armes, pierres précieuses, etc.18 livres en 3 sections.

Chinois 5639

Contient : I馬吊譜Ma diao pu.Règles d'un jeu ; II精選名家十番清曲譜Jing xuan ming jia shi fan qing qu pu.Recueil de chansons

聖母行實Sheng mu xing shi.

Vie de la Sainte Vierge.Par le P. Vagnoni ; avec une introduction du P. Giacomo Rho, Jésuite (1590-1638 ; noms Chinois Luo Ya gu Wei shao). Réédition de l'église Da yuan à Canton (1680).3 livres.

Chinois 6842

Double.

超性學要Chao xing xue yao.

Même ouvrage, impression différente ; sans la préface de Gao Zeng yun ; on y trouve une préface du P. Buglio (1654) et un avertissement.Livres 1 à 6 seulement.

聖教簡要Sheng jiao jian yao.

Abrégé de la religion.Par le P. Buglio.8 feuillets.