Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, February 18, 2014; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, January 22, 2014; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Some of the early events underlying Th2 cell maturation and susceptibility to Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice.

The first experimental evidence for the development of polarized CD4+ Th1 and Th2 responses in vivo has been obtained using the murine model of infection with Leishmania major, an intracellular parasite of macrophages in their vertebrate host. Genetically determined resistance and susceptibility to infection with this parasite have been clearly demonstrated to result from the development of polarized Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively. Using this model system, the dominant role of cytokines in the induction of polarized CD4+ responses has been validated in vivo. The requisite role of IL-4 in mediating both Th2 differentiation and susceptibility to infection in BALB/c mice has directed interest towards the search for evidence of IL-4 production early after infection and identification of its cellular source. We have been able to demonstrate a burst of IL-4 production in susceptible BALB/c mice within the first day of infection with L. major and could establish that this rapidly produced IL-4 instructed Th2 lineage commitment of subsequently activated CD4+ T cells and stabilized this commitment by downregulating IL-12 Rbeta2 chain expression, resulting in susceptibility to infection. Strikingly, this early IL-4 response to infection resulted from the cognate recognition of a single epitope in a distinctive antigen, LACK, from this complex microorganism by a restricted population of CD4+ T cells that express Vbeta4-Valpha8 T cell receptors.

Clear detection of ADIPOQ locus as the major gene for plasma adiponectin: results of genome-wide association analyses including 4659 European individuals.

OBJECTIVE: Plasma adiponectin is strongly associated with various components of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes. Concentrations are highly heritable and differ between men and women. We therefore aimed to investigate the genetics of plasma adiponectin in men and women. METHODS: We combined genome-wide association scans of three population-based studies including 4659 persons. For the replication stage in 13795 subjects, we selected the 20 top signals of the combined analysis, as well as the 10 top signals with p-values less than 1.0 x 10(-4) for each the men- and the women-specific analyses. We further selected 73 SNPs that were consistently associated with metabolic syndrome parameters in previous genome-wide association studies to check for their association with plasma adiponectin. RESULTS: The ADIPOQ locus showed genome-wide significant p-values in the combined (p=4.3 x 10(-24)) as well as in both women- and men-specific analyses (p=8.7 x 10(-17) and p=2.5 x 10(-11), respectively). None of the other 39 top signal SNPs showed evidence for association in the replication analysis. None of 73 SNPs from metabolic syndrome loci exhibited association with plasma adiponectin (p>0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the ADIPOQ gene as the only major gene for plasma adiponectin, which explains 6.7% of the phenotypic variance. We further found that neither this gene nor any of the metabolic syndrome loci explained the sex differences observed for plasma adiponectin. Larger studies are needed to identify more moderate genetic determinants of plasma adiponectin.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, January 22, 2014; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

PC Concrete Texturing, R-246, 1975

Skid resistance is a major concern of the safety engineer since wet pavement conditions are present for approximately 18% of the total accidents in Iowa according to studies by the Traffic and Safety Department. Many of these accidents may be influenced by the low skid resistant quality of the pavement. The size, shape, type, and arrangement of the concrete's particles interrelate with each other in a complex manner to give us frictional resistance. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which method of texturing provides the best skid resistance properties on portland cement concrete pavement.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, March 18, 2014; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Hypercalcaemia and acute renal failure after major burns: An under-diagnosed condition.

BACKGROUND: Hypercalcaemia has been shown to occur in about 20% of patients with major burns requiring prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, and it may be associated with renal failure. Having observed the early onset of hypercalcaemia, the study aimed to determine the frequency and timing of this condition in a European patient cohort. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on a prospectively collected, computerised database of the 225 burn-injury ICU admissions between 2001 and 2007 was undertaken. The inclusion criteria included: burns >20% of the body surface area (BSA) or in-hospital stay >20 days. Hypercalcaemia was defined as an ionised plasma calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration >1.32 mmol l(-1) (or total corrected calcium=[Ca]c>2.55 mmol l(-1)). Four emblematic cases are reported in this article. RESULTS: A total of 73 patients met the inclusion criteria (age: 13-88 years, burns: 12-85% BSA): of these, 22 (30%) developed hypercalcaemia. The median time to the first hypercalcaemia value was 21 days. Only 11 patients had both high Ca(2+) and elevated [Ca]c (which remained normal in others). The risk factors of the disorder were burned surface (p=0.017) and immobilisation (fluidised bed use: p<0.05, duration: p=0.02) followed by burned BSA. Acute renal failure tended to be more frequent in hypercalcaemic patients (five (23%) vs. three (6%): p=0.11), while mortality was not increased. The disorder resolved with hydration and mobilisation in most cases: pamidronate was successful in three cases that were most severe. CONCLUSION: Hypercalcaemia and associated acute renal failure occur more frequently and earlier than previously reported. Determining the ionised Ca rather than the total Ca with albumin correction enables earlier detection of hypercalcaemia. Bisphosphonates are an effective treatment option in controlling severe hypercalcaemia and preventing bone loss.

Catalogue des tableaux... ayant formé le cabinet du major Merighi... / [expert] Ferdinand Laneuville

[Vente. Art. 1858-05-15. Paris]

Impacts on Safety of Left-Turn Treatment at High Speed Signalized Intersections, HR-347, 1994

Left-turning traffic is a major source of conflicts at intersections. Though an average of only 10% to 15% of all approach traffic turns left, these vehicles are involved in approximately 45% of all accidents. This report presents the results of research conducted to develop models which estimate approach accident rates at high speed signalized intersections. The objective of the research was to quantify the relationship between traffic and intersection characteristics, and accident potential of different left turn treatments. Geometric, turning movement counts, and traffic signal phasing data were collected at 100 intersections in Iowa using a questionnaire sent to municipalities. Not all questionnaires resulted in complete data and ultimately complete data were derived for 63 intersections providing a database of 248 approaches. Accident data for the same approaches were obtained from the Iowa Department of Transportation Accident Location and Analysis System (ALAS). Regression models were developed for two different dependent variables: 1) the ratio of the number of left turn accidents per approach to million left turning vehicles per approach, and 2) the ratio of accidents per approach to million traffic movements per approach. A number of regression models were developed for both dependent variables. One model using each dependent variable was developed for intersections with low, medium, and high left turning traffic volumes. As expected, the research indicates that protected left turn phasing has a lower accident potential than protected/permitted or permitted phasing. Left turn lanes and multiple lane approaches are beneficial for reducing accident rates, while raised medians increase the likelihood of accidents. Signals that are part of a signal system tend to have lower accident rates than isolated signals. The resulting regression models may be used to determine the likely impact of various left turn treatments on intersection accident rates. When designing an intersection approach, a traffic engineer may use the models to estimate the accident rate reduction as a result of improved lane configurations and left turn treatments. The safety benefits may then be compared to any costs associated with operational effects to the intersection (i.e., increased delay) to determine the benefits and costs of making intersection safety improvements.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, April 15, 2014; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.

Solar Powered Highway Delineator System, HR-367, 1993

Currently, many drivers experience some difficulty in viewing the road ahead of them during times of reduced visibility, such as rain, snow, fog, or the darkness of night- Recent studies done by the National Safety Council provide a detailed contrast between fatal accidents occurring during the day and night. Revealed was that the motor vehicle night death rate (4.41 deaths per 100 million miles driven) was sharply higher than the corresponding death rate during daylight hours (1.21). By providing a delineating system powered by the natural resource of solar power, a constant source of visibility may be maintained throughout the evening. Along with providing enough light to trace the outline of the road, other major goals defined in producing this delineator system are as follows: 1. A strong and durable design that would protect the internal components and survive extreme weather conditions. 2. A low maintenance system where components need few repairs or replacements. 3. A design which makes all components accessible in the event that maintenance is needed, but also prevents vandalism. 4. A design that provides greater visibility to drivers and will not harm a vehicle or its passengers in the event of a collision. This solar powered highway delineator consists of an adjustable solar array, a light fixture, and a standard delineator pole. The solar array houses and protects the solar panels, and can be easily adjusted to obtain a maximum amount of sunlight. The light fixture primarily houses the battery, the circuit and the light assembly. Both components allow for easy accessibility and reduce vandalism using internal connections for bolts and wires. The delineator mounting pole is designed to extensively deform in the event of a collision, therefore reducing any harm caused to the vehicle and/or the passengers. The cost of a single prototype to be produced is approximately $70.00 excluding labor costs. However, these material and labor costs will be greatly reduced if a large number of delineators are produced. It is recommended that the Iowa Department of Transportation take full advantage of the research and development put into this delineator design. The principles used in creating this delineator can be used to provide an outline for drivers to follow, or on a larger scale, provide actual roadway lighting in areas where it was never before possible or economically feasible. In either event, the number of fatal accidents will be decreased due to the improved driver visibility in the evening.

Rapid IL-4 production by Leishmania homolog of mammalian RACK1-reactive CD4(+) T cells in resistant mice treated once with anti-IL-12 or -IFN-gamma antibodies at the onset of infection with Leishmania major instructs Th2 cell development, resulting in nonhealing lesions.

Rapid production of IL-4 by Leishmania homolog of mammalian RACK1 (LACK)-reactive CD4(+) T cells expressing the V beta 4-V alpha 8 TCR chains has been shown to drive aberrant Th2 cell development and susceptibility to Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. In contrast, mice from resistant strains fail to express this early IL-4 response. However, administration of either anti-IL-12 or -IFN-gamma at the initiation of infection allows the expression of this early IL-4 response in resistant mice. In this work we show that Leishmania homolog of mammalian RACK1-reactive CD4(+) T cells also expressing the V beta 4-V alpha 8 TCR chains are the source of the early IL-4 response to L. major in resistant mice given anti-IL-12 or -IFN-gamma Abs only at the onset of infection. Strikingly, these cells were found to be required for the reversal of the natural resistance of C57BL/6 mice following a single administration of anti-IL-12 or -IFN-gamma Abs. Together these results suggest that a deficiency in mechanisms capable of down-regulating the early IL-4 response to L. major contributes to the exquisite susceptibility of BALB/c mice to L. major.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, May 20, 2014; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.