L-infinity norms of holomorphic modular forms in the case of compact quotient

We prove a sub-convex estimate for the sup-norm of L-2-normalized holomorphic modular forms of weight k on the upper half plane, with respect to the unit group of a quaternion division algebra over Q. More precisely we show that when the L-2 norm of an eigenfunction f is one, parallel to f parallel to(infinity) <<(epsilon) k(1/2-1/33+epsilon) for any epsilon > 0 and for all k sufficiently large.

A carboxy terminal domain of the L protein of rinderpest virus possesses RNA triphosphatase activity - The first enzyme in the viral mRNA capping pathway

The large protein L of negative-sense RNA viruses is a multifunctional protein involved in transcription and replication of genomic RNA. It also possesses enzymatic activities involved in capping and methylation of viral mRNAs. The pathway for mRNA capping followed by the L protein of the viruses in the Morbillivirus genus has not been established, although it has been speculated that these viruses may follow the unconventional capping pathway as has been shown for some viruses of Rhabdoviridae family. We had earlier shown that the large protein L of Rinderpest virus expressed as recombinant L-P complex in insect cells as well as the ribonucleoprotein complex from purified virus possesses RNA triphosphatase (RTPase) and guanylyltransferase activities, in addition to RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity. In the present work, we demonstrate that RTPase as well as nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) activities are exhibited by a subdomain of the L protein in the C terminal region (a.a. 1640 1840). The RTPase activity depends absolutely on a divalent cation, either magnesium or manganese. Both the RTPase and NTPase activities of the protein show dual metal specificity. Two mutant proteins having alanine mutations in the glutamic acid residues in motif-A of the RTPase domain did not show RTPase activity, while exhibiting reduced NTPase activity suggesting overlapping active sites for the two enzymatic functions. The RTPase and NTPase activities of the L subdomain resemble those of the Vaccinia capping enzyme D1 and the baculovirus LEF4 proteins. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Alternating l(p) - l(2) Projections Algorithm (ALPA) for Speech Modeling using Sparsity Constraints

We address the problem of separating a speech signal into its excitation and vocal-tract filter components, which falls within the framework of blind deconvolution. Typically, the excitation in case of voiced speech is assumed to be sparse and the vocal-tract filter stable. We develop an alternating l(p) - l(2) projections algorithm (ALPA) to perform deconvolution taking into account these constraints. The algorithm is iterative, and alternates between two solution spaces. The initialization is based on the standard linear prediction decomposition of a speech signal into an autoregressive filter and prediction residue. In every iteration, a sparse excitation is estimated by optimizing an l(p)-norm-based cost and the vocal-tract filter is derived as a solution to a standard least-squares minimization problem. We validate the algorithm on voiced segments of natural speech signals and show applications to epoch estimation. We also present comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques and show that ALPA gives a sparser impulse-like excitation, where the impulses directly denote the epochs or instants of significant excitation.

Simultaneous nonvanishing of Dirichlet L-functions and twists of Hecke-Maass L-functions

We prove that given a Hecke-Maass form f for SL(2, Z) and a sufficiently large prime q, there exists a primitive Dirichlet character chi of conductor q such that the L-values L(1/2, f circle times chi) and L(1/2, chi) do not vanish.

Chronic lung infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is cured by L-Methionine in combination with antibiotic therapy

Bacterial biofilms are associated with 80-90% of infections. Within the biofilm, bacteria are refractile to antibiotics, requiring concentrations >1,000 times the minimum inhibitory concentration. Proteins, carbohydrates and DNA are the major components of biofilm matrix. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) biofilms, which are majorly associated with chronic lung infection, contain extracellular DNA (eDNA) as a major component. Herein, we report for the first time that L-Methionine (L-Met) at 0.5 mu M inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) biofilm formation and disassembles established PA biofilm by inducing DNase expression. Four DNase genes (sbcB, endA, eddB and recJ) were highly up-regulated upon L-Met treatment along with increased DNase activity in the culture supernatant. Since eDNA plays a major role in establishing and maintaining the PA biofilm, DNase activity is effective in disrupting the biofilm. Upon treatment with L-Met, the otherwise recalcitrant PA biofilm now shows susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. This was reflected in vivo, in the murine chronic PA lung infection model. Mice treated with L-Met responded better to antibiotic treatment, leading to enhanced survival as compared to mice treated with ciprofloxacin alone. These results clearly demonstrate that L-Met can be used along with antibiotic as an effective therapeutic against chronic PA biofilm infection.

Evidence for N-7 guanine methyl transferase activity encoded within the modular domain of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase L of a Morbillivirus

Post-transcriptional modification of viral mRNA is essential for the translation of viral proteins by cellular translation machinery. Due to the cytoplasmic replication of Paramyxoviruses, the viral-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) is thought to possess all activities required for mRNA capping and methylation. In the present work, using partially purified recombinant RNA polymerase complex of rinderpest virus expressed in insect cells, we demonstrate the in vitro methylation of capped mRNA. Further, we show that a recombinant C-terminal fragment (1717-2183 aa) of L protein is capable of methylating capped mRNA, suggesting that the various post-transcriptional activities of the L protein are located in independently folding domains.

Fingerprinting environmental conditions and related stress using stable isotopic composition of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain organic matter

Sea level rise (SLR) is a primary factor responsible for inundation of low-lying coastal regions across the world, which in turn governs the agricultural productivity. In this study, rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated seasonally in the Kuttanad Wetland, a SLR prone region on the southwest coast of India, were analysed for oxygen, hydrogen and carbon isotopic ratios (delta O-18, delta H-2 and delta C-13) to distinguish the seasonal environmental conditions prevalent during rice cultivation. The region receives high rainfall during the wet season which promotes large supply of fresh water to the local water bodies via the rivers. In contrast, during the dry season reduced river discharge favours sea water incursion which adversely affects the rice cultivation. The water for rice cultivation is derived from regional water bodies that are characterised by seasonal salinity variation which co-varies with the delta O-18 and delta H-2 values. Rice cultivated during the wet and the dry season bears the isotopic imprints of this water. We explored the utility of a mechanistic model to quantify the contribution of two prominent factors, namely relative humidity and source water composition in governing the seasonal variation in oxygen isotopic composition of rice grain OM. delta C-13 values of rice grain OM were used to deduce the stress level by estimating the intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of the crop during the two seasons. 1.3 times higher WUE, was exhibited by the same genotype during the dry season. The approach can be extended to other low lying coastal agro-ecosystems to infer the growth conditions of cultivated crops and can further be utilised for retrieving paleo-environmental information from well preserved archaeological plant remains. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Folding of Protein L with Implications for Collapse in the Denatured State Ensemble

A fundamental question in protein folding is whether the coil to globule collapse transition occurs during the initial stages of folding (burst phase) or simultaneously with the protein folding transition. Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments disagree on whether Protein L collapse transition occurs during the burst phase of folding. We study Protein L folding using a coarse-grained model and molecular dynamics simulations. The collapse transition in Protein L is found to be concomitant with the folding transition. In the burst phase of folding, we find that FRET experiments overestimate radius of gyration, R-g, of the protein due to the application of Gaussian polymer chain end-to-end distribution to extract R-g from the FRET efficiency. FRET experiments estimate approximate to 6 angstrom decrease in R-g when the actual decrease is approximate to 3 angstrom on guanidinium chloride denaturant dilution from 7.5 to 1 M, thereby suggesting pronounced compaction in the protein dimensions in the burst phase. The approximate to 3 angstrom decrease is close to the statistical uncertainties of the R-g data measured from SAXS experiments, which suggest no compaction, leading to a disagreement with the FRET experiments. The transition-state ensemble (TSE) structures in Protein L folding are globular and extensive in agreement with the Psi-analysis experiments. The results support the hypothesis that the TSE of single domain proteins depends on protein topology and is not stabilized by local interactions alone.

l(1)-K-SVD: A robust dictionary learning algorithm with simultaneous update

We develop a new dictionary learning algorithm called the l(1)-K-svp, by minimizing the l(1) distortion on the data term. The proposed formulation corresponds to maximum a posteriori estimation assuming a Laplacian prior on the coefficient matrix and additive noise, and is, in general, robust to non-Gaussian noise. The l(1) distortion is minimized by employing the iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm. The dictionary atoms and the corresponding sparse coefficients are simultaneously estimated in the dictionary update step. Experimental results show that l(1)-K-SVD results in noise-robustness, faster convergence, and higher atom recovery rate than the method of optimal directions, K-SVD, and the robust dictionary learning algorithm (RDL), in Gaussian as well as non-Gaussian noise. For a fixed value of sparsity, number of dictionary atoms, and data dimension, l(1)-K-SVD outperforms K-SVD and RDL on small training sets. We also consider the generalized l(p), 0 < p < 1, data metric to tackle heavy-tailed/impulsive noise. In an image denoising application, l(1)-K-SVD was found to result in higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) over K-SVD for Laplacian noise. The structural similarity index increases by 0.1 for low input PSNR, which is significant and demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Adlayer Structures of DL-Homocysteine and L-Homocysteine Thiolactone on Au(111) Surface: an in situ STM Study

The adsorption Of DL-homocysteine (Hcy) and L-homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) on Au(1 1 1) electrode was investigated in 0.1 M HClO4 by cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Hcy and HTL molecules formed highly ordered adlayers on Au(1 1 1) surface. High-resolution STM images revealed the orientation and packing arrangement in the ordered adlayers. Hcy molecules formed (2root3 x 3root3)R30degrees adlayer structure and H-bonds between carboxyl groups were assumed to be responsible for the origin of tail-to-tail or head-to-head molecular arrangement, while HTL molecules formed (4 x 6) adlayer structure, and two different orientations and appearances in the ordered adlayer were found. Structural models were proposed for the two adlayers.

Evaluación de la influencia de cuatro niveles de fertilización completa (12-30-10) en la producción de semillas de Canavalia ensiformis L.

El trabajo se desarrolló de octubre a marzo (1997-1998) en la hacienda Santa Rosa propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA) en el departamento de Managua. Se evaluó el efecto de cuatro niveles de fertilización completa (12-30-10) y el testigo (sin fertilización) sobre la producción de semillas de Canavalia ensiformis L. Para esto se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloque completo al azar (BCA) y se estudió el efecto de un sólo factor (niveles de fertilización): Con tres repeticiones, formándose un total de 15 parcelas. El ensayo se realizó en un área total de 229.5 m2. Para evaluar las variables: rendimiento de semillas. cantidad promedio de semillas por vainas, largo promedio de vainas, número promedio de vainas por planta y altura de plantas (cm). Teniendo como parcela útil 3 m2. El estudio estadístico contempló el uso de análisis de varianza: El resultado del análisis no mostró diferencia significativa entre bloques ni tratamientos, sin descartar la existencia de diferencias reales. Al realizar el análisis de presupuestos parciales determinamos que el tratamiento de mayor utilidad con respecto al testigo es T2 (24.00 kg/ha) de fertilización 12-30-10. Debemos señalar que este incremento no justifica la aplicación de fertilizante en las condiciones en que se realizó el ensayo ya que la diferencia que se presenta es mínima. La no significancia entre tratamiento se atribuye probablemente al momento de aplicación del fertilizante (al momento de la siembra), que nos hace suponer no fue utilizado por las plantas para la producción de semillas, si no para otras actividades fisiológicas de las mismas.

Producción y calidad de la materia seca del pasto estrella (Cynodon niemfuensis L. pers), durante la época de verano, en el departamento de Boaco, Nicaragua

El presente ensayo se realizó en la finca "La Camorra" propiedad del Señor Rodolfo Blandón Luquez. Entre octubre/97 abril/98, en el departamento de Boaco. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar, se evaluaron los efectos de tres frecuencias de corte (21, 24, 27 días) sobre la producción y calidad de la materia seca del pasto Estrella (Cynodon nlemfuensis), durante la época de verano, sin fertilizar, como una forma de generar información a los ganaderos que manejan sus pasturas en todo el pais. Los resultados de los análisis de varianza y prueba de rangos múltiples (Duncan) determinaron que las frecuencias de cortes tuvieron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) sobre la producción de materia seca y materia verde. El mayor rendimiento de materia seca/corte se obtuvo en la frecuencia de 27 días con 1569.47 kg/ha y, la menor producción correspondió a 21 días (869.27 kg/ha). Los resultados del análisis realizados determinaron que existe diferencias significativa (p<0.05) de las frecuencias de corte sobre los porcentajes de proteína bruta. y fibra cruda encontrándose el mejor porcentaje de proteína a los 24 días con 10.8 y, el menor valor a los 27 días con 9.6. Con respecto a fibra cruda el mayor valor porcentual fue a los 27 días con 37.1 y, el menor a los 21 días con 32.7 El análisis económico determino que, para los tratamientos avaluados se obtuvieron ganancias, alcanzando mayor relación B/C para el tratamiento de 27 días de C$1.56.

Estudio descriptivo de la carcasa de cerdos alimentados con diferentes niveles de inclusión de marango (Moringa oleifera L.)

El presente estudio se realizo en la granja porcina de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA), ubicada en el kilometro 13 carretera Norte desvío a Sabana Grande, Managua, Nicaragua. Este estudio duró 28 semanas comprendidas entre el 15 de Agosto del año 2000 al 8 de Marzo del año 2001. El objetivo general de estudio fue: contribuir a definir la calidad de la canal de cerdos a través de procesos de engorda utilizando dietas no convencionales para establecer las potencialidades o viabilidad de éstas en producción, utilizando diferentes raciones: (T1) Concentrado 100%, (T2) Marango 30% + 70% Concentrado, (T3) Marango 48% + 52% de Concentrado. Se utilizaron 36 cerdos híbridos, formándose grupos de 12 cerdos por tratamiento. los cerdos se pesaron al inicio y luego cada 15 días hasta el momento de su sacrificio: 1er sacrificio y 2do sacrificio. En el primer sacrificio el T1 presento el mayor rendimiento en canal con un 71.28%, superando en un 9.32% al T2 y en un 17.53% al T3. En el segundo sacrificio el T2 presento el mayor rendimiento en canal con un 75.79%, superando en un 4.19% al T3 y en un 4.51% al T1. En el primer sacrificio se obtuvo una distribución similar entre los puntos de grasa dorsal de cada tratamiento, sin embargo el T1 alcanzo el mayor espesor de grasa dorsal con un promedio de 32.6 mm con una diferencia respecto al T2 de 10 mm y de 17 mm respecto al T3. En el segundo sacrificio se obtuvo una distribución variada entre los diferentes puntos de grasa dorsal de cada tratamiento, aquí el T1 siempre mantuvo el mayor espesor de grasa dorsal con promedio entre puntos de 32,6 mm con una diferencia respecto al T2 de 9.4 mm y de 12.2 mm respecto al T3. Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo, siendo las variables principales: rendimiento en canal (RC), peso vivo (PV), peso canal (PC), composición de la canal (CC), composición de la grasa (CG) y espesor de la grasa dorsal (EGD). los cerdos del T2 en el 1er sacrificio obtuvieron un mayor porcentaje de carne en comparación con los otros tratamientos, mientras que los cerdos del T3 obtuvieron el mayor porcentaje de costilla y hueso en comparación con los otros tratamientos. los cerdos del 2do sacrificio del T3 obtuvieron el mayor porcentaje de carne en comparación con los otros tratamientos, mientras que los cerdos del T1 obtuvieron el mayor porcentaje de costilla y el T2 obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de hueso y el menor porcentaje de grasa. El análisis estadístico demostró que para el primer sacrificio existieron diferencias altamente significativas con respecto al peso final, peso canal, rendimiento y significativo en el hueso. En el segundo sacrificio existieron diferencias significativas en grasa, costilla y en el porcentaje de carne. Se realizo un análisis de separación de medias según Tukey al 5% para los casos en que se encontraron diferencias significativas. Esta prueba se realizó con el fin de categorízar los tratamientos.

Evaluación de la producción de granos del gandul (Cajanus cajan) L. Millsp en suelos francos, en la zona del Pacífico de Managua

El presente trabajo se realizó en la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA), ubicada en el municipio de Managua, durante el período de agosto a marzo (1999-2000). Se evaluó el efecto de tres densidades de siembra del gandul (Cajanus cajan) (L). (Millsp) sobre la producción de granos. Para esto se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar , con tres bloques y tres tratamientos . Las variables estudiadas fueron: Altura promedio de la planta (cm), Diámetro del tallo (cm), Número de vainas por planta, Número de granos por vainas, y Producción de granos en kg/ha. El análisis estadístico consistió, en análisis de varianza y separación de medias usando Duncan. En el cual se determinó que hubo efecto significativo al (P< 0.001) entre tratamiento para las variables Altura de la planta y Número de vainas por plantas y producción de granos, y significativo al (P< 0.05) entre bloques. La mayor producción de granos se obtuvo del (T3) con 3183.8 kg/ha, el que también resulto el de mejor rentabilidad económica.