901 resultados para Learned family (William Learned, d. 1646)
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Starting with the premise that extended family members often have great influence on family functioning, this article describes social work practice techniques for helping families utilize resources available in the extended family network. Two key concepts are presented: "parenting pioneers," who, while attempting newly learned parenting skills, may struggle with resistance from extended family members; and "parenting teams," in which the focal family is giving to or receiving from extended family members substantial family support. The article presents these practice techniques in the context of family support services, which are characterized as voluntary, preventive, developmental, and based in the concept of empowerment and the ecological perspective.
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After 5 years of conceptualizing, investigating, and writing about corrective experiences (CEs), we (the authors of this chapter) met to talk about what we learned. In this chapter, we summarize our joint understanding of (a) the definition of CEs; (b) the contexts in which CEs occur; (c) client, therapist, and external factors that facilitate CEs; (d) the consequences of CEs; and (e) ideas for future theoretical, clinical, empirical, and training directions. As will become evident, the authors of this chapter, who represent a range of theoretical orientations, reached consensus on some CE-related topics but encountered controversy and lively debate about other topics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
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Fragestellung/Einleitung: Bisher existieren kaum Daten für den deutschsprachigen Raum, welche Fehler häufig bei der Erstellung von schriftlichen Prüfungsfragen gemacht werden. Diese Erkenntnisse könnten hilfreich sein, um Autoren in Schulungsworkshops mit dem Fokus auf die häufigsten Fehler zu schulen. Im vorliegenden Projekt wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Fehler am häufigsten bei der Erstellung von schriftlichen Prüfungsfragen gemacht werden, und welche Schlussfolgerungen daraus für Autorenschulungen gezogen werden können. Methoden: Am Institut für Medizinische Lehre Bern werden die mit der inhaltlichen und/oder formalen Fragenrevision befassten MitarbeiterInnen (N=14) anhand von semi-strukturierten Interviews befragt, mit welcher Art von Mängeln sie bei den Fragen der von ihnen betreuten schriftlichen Prüfungen am häufigsten umgehen. Weiter wird erhoben, wie dem Revisionsbedarf aus ihrer Sicht in Schulungen am besten begegnet werden kann. Ergebnisse: Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass in folgenden Bereichen am häufigsten Revisionsbedarf besteht: eindeutiger Focus auf ein konkretes Lernziel authentische und relevante Vignette für den Ausbildungsstand angemessener Schwierigkeitsgrad eindeutige Lösung formale und sprachliche Korrektheit Dementsprechend sollte auf diese Themenbereiche ein besonderer Schwerpunkt bei Schulungen gelegt werden. Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung: Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Mängel von schriftlichen Prüfungsfragen häufig in den Bereichen Focus, Vignette, Schwierigkeitsgrad, Eindeutigkeit und formal-sprachlichen Aspekten liegen. Autorenschulungen sollten diese Aspekte in den Vordergrund stellen. Unsere zum Zeitpunkt der GMA-Tagung vorliegenden definitiven Ergebnisse können dazu beitragen, Workshops zur Fragenerstellung noch besser am Schulungsbedarf auszurichten.
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The paper provides a fairly comprehensive examination of recent empirical work on discrimination within economics. The three major analytical approaches considered are traditional regression analysis of outcomes, paired testing or audits, and finally analysis of performance where higher group performance suggests that a group has been treated disfavorably. The review covers research in the labor, credit, and consumption markets, as well as recent studies of discrimination within the legal system. The review suggests that the validity of interpreting observed racial differences as discrimination depends heavily on whether the analysis is based on a sample that is representative of a population of individuals or households or based on a sample of market transactions, as well as the analyst?s ability to control for heterogeneity within that sample. Heterogeneous firm behavior and differentiated products, such as those found in labor and housing markets, also can confound empirical analyses of discrimination by confusing the allocation of individuals across firms or products with disparate treatment or by ignoring disparate impacts that might arise based on that allocation.
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Signatur des Originals: S 36/G03990
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This assessment compares the human papillomavirus (HPV) nationwide vaccine to the poliomyelitis vaccine and the swine flu vaccine with the purpose of finding parallels and lessons in the controversies faced by the development and use of the vaccines. There are a number of great barriers that are facing the HPV vaccine to date. These controversies lie in dealing with the risk involved in taking the vaccine, how much control the government should have in administering the vaccine, how to communicate the risk to the public, and the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine versus treatment for cervical cancer. The lessons for the HPV vaccine that were learned after comparison and assessment of the controversies were: (1) plan ahead of time on how to inform the public if a risk develops from taking the HPV vaccination and it may be better to provide some information while the event is occurring, always being as truthful as possible, and later dispensing more information once all of the facts are known, (2) the human papillomavirus is not something that will become a pandemic in a short amount of time because the virus takes a long time to develop into cervical cancer, so if a major risk begins to show after continuing to develop and administer the vaccine for an amount of time, it may be better to take it off the market for a while and possibly reconfigure it to help eliminate some of the risks, (3) if side reactions and risks do develop and the government assumes liability for these reactions, the cost-effectiveness can be greatly affected, so it is important to be constantly checking to see if all the monetary and health benefits of the vaccine are outweighing any of the negative costs of the vaccine, and lastly, (4) the public must feel that every aspect of the vaccine, both good and bad, has been thought over and the benefits of taking the vaccine prevail over the negatives and that politics and commercial interests have nothing to do with the production and administration of the vaccine. ^
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This study describes the style of management of Dr. William Gorgas as he led the public health effort to reduce diseases to a level that permitted the completion of the Panama Canal construction. Initially, Gorgas was skeptical of the mosquito vector theory. He fully accepted this theory after participating in Walter Reeds massive cleanup of Havana, Cuba during the Spanish American War of 1898. During 1905 to 1914, Gorgas was selected to lead the sanitary effort during the construction of the Panama Canal. The lessons learned from this historical case study provide public health administrators with guidance to effectively lead current and future infectious diseases threats. Understanding styles of management within the context of disease control is essential in tackling epidemics like yellow fever and other infectious diseases. ^
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Dr. Moloney kept a personal journal, with photographs, for much of his two years with the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Japan. Along with other scientists, he studied the biological and medical effects of ionized radiation on the survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings. In January of 1986, Dr. Moloney donated his journal, correspondence and diary pages to the Harris County Medical Archive, whose collections were later incorporated into the Texas Medical Center Library. Dr. Moloney's journal is in relatively good shape containing a mix of handwritten notes and comments, news-clippings, photos, and ephemera. The journal is an important record of personal impressions, thoughts and details of events during a pivotal time in Japan. This 192-pagee journal gives new insights into the work of the ABCC and into the people who participated in that work. The journal covers the period from April 1952 to February 1954. In these documents, Moloney records his struggles with understanding the Japanese culture, his frustration at not being allowed to treat the survivors he studied, and his concerns, fears, hopes and revelations as he dealt with the bombing survivors and their children. The original papers are open for research at the John P. McGovern Historical Collections and Research Center in the TMC Library in Houston.
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Over the years, federal child welfare policy has supported parent engagement and family support strategies through various Children’s Bureau funded state formula grant programs, research and demonstration discretionary grants, and technical assistance. This article highlights programs funded by two federal laws, Promoting Safe and Stable Families and the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, and Children’s Bureau’s efforts to test innovations and disseminate knowledge about promising and evidence-based practices regarding parent engagement and family support. The article begins with a brief legislative history and then describes several grant programs that are supported by the legislation. The article concludes with lessons learned and a discussion of the new opportunities for system changes through the Title IV-E Waiver Demonstration projects.