New delay-dependent stability criteria for uncertain neutral systems with mixed time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations

The problem of stability analysis for a class of neutral systems with mixed time-varying neutral, discrete and distributed delays and nonlinear parameter perturbations is addressed. By introducing a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and combining the descriptor model transformation, the Leibniz-Newton formula, some free-weighting matrices, and a suitable change of variables, new sufficient conditions are established for the stability of the considered system, which are neutral-delay-dependent, discrete-delay-range dependent, and distributeddelay-dependent. The conditions are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and can be efficiently solved using convex programming techniques. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method

Estudio de la albúmina sérica y del índice de masa corporal como marcadores nutricionales en pacientes en hemodiálisis.

Background: Protein calorie malnutrition as well as systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders are common among patients with chronic renal failure undergoing renal replacement therapy (haemodialysis), which contributes to its morbidity and mortality. Aims: The aims of this work was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients in a hemodialysis treatment through the assessment of biochemical parameters nutritional as albumin, and anthropometric parameters of body mass index during ten years of follow up. Methods: In this work has been followed 90 patients of both sexes with chronic kidney disease who were treated with hemodialysis regularly on our unit for ten years. All patients were conducted quarterly measurements of plasma albumin (Alb), and other biochemical determinations, and anthropometric measurements of height, weight and body mass index calculated by the formula weight/height², grouped n BMI < 23 kg/m2 and albumin levels <3.8 g/dl according to the consensus of the panel of experts of the International Society for renal Nutrition and metabolism. Results: During the 10 years all patients showed a significant decline in the biochemical parameters and the albumin, change in BMI does not presented significant changes in relation to malnutrition. Conclusions: Malnutrition in patients on dialysis is a fact patent, BMI does not correspond with the biochemical parameters were observed, for what nutritional impairment in these patients is mainly expressed by serum albumin.

Estimation de la fonction rénale par l'equation MDRD: intérêt et limites pour l'adaptation des doses de médicaments [Renal function estimation by MDRD equation: interest and limitations for drug dosing].

The MDRD (Modification of diet in renal disease) equation enables glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation from serum creatinine only. Thus, the laboratory can report an estimated GFR (eGFR) with each serum creatinine assessment, increasing therefore the recognition of renal failure. Predictive performance of MDRD equation is better for GFR < 60 ml/min/1,73 m2. A normal or near-normal renal function is often underestimated by this equation. Overall, MDRD provides more reliable estimations of renal function than the Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) formula, but both lack precision. MDRD is not superior to C-G for drug dosing. Being adjusted to 1,73 m2, MDRD eGFR has to be back adjusted to the patient's body surface area for drug dosing. Besides, C-G has the advantage of a greater simplicity and a longer use.

An alternative approach to fundamental general physics concepts

An alternative approach to the fundamental general physics concepts has been proposed. We demonstrate that the electrostatic potential energy of a discrete or a continuous system of charges should be stored by the charges and not the field. It is found that there is a possibility that any electric field has no energy density, as well as magnetic field. It is found that there is no direct relation between the electric or magnetic energy and photons. An alternative derivation of the blackbody radiation formula is proposed. It is also found that the zero-point of energy of electromagnetic radiation may not exist.

Power and selection of contract terms: The case from the Brazilian orange juice sector

ABSTRACT We propose a model to explain how contract terms are selected in the presence of a form of economic power: contract power. The orange juice sector is used to illustrate an analysis that demonstrates the effects of contract power on the economic organization of the sector. We define contract power as the ability to exploit contractual gaps or failures of contractual provisions, which are strategically left incomplete. Empirical evidence from content analysis of antitrust documents supports the logic of contract power in the orange juice sector in three forms: avoiding changes to payment methods from weight to solid contents (quality); using information asymmetries to manipulate indexes that calculate the formula of orange prices; and deliberately harvesting oranges late in order to dehydrate the fruit, which consequently reduces weight and price. The paper contributes to understanding the selection of contract terms and the debate about how antitrust offices can deal with this issue.

Role of estrogen receptor signaling in mammary gland development

Abstract : Breast cancer incidence rates have increased over the past hundred years, in particular, in Western industrial countries and they continue to rise worldwide. Breast cancer risk has been linked to life exposure to endogenous and exogenous estrogens, and there is increasing concern that exposure to endocrine disruptors which are increasingly accumulating in our environment may also have a role. Using the mouse as model, I have analyzed the physiological role of estrogen signaling in mammary gland development. I have shown that estrogen signaling through the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the mammary epithelium is required for ductal morphogenesis during puberty. Moreover, I have demonstrated that estrogens induce proliferation of mammary epithelial cells through a paracrine mechanism. The presence of estrogen signaling is essential cell intrinsically via ERα or ERβ for the terminal differentiation into milk secreting cells during pregnancy. Furthermore, I have examined how perinatal exposure to the estrogenic plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) found ubiquitously in consumer goods such as baby bottles formula and beverage containers affects the normal mammary gland development and possibly predispose the mammary gland to tumorigenesis. I have found that C57b16 mice that were exposed, via their drinking water, to several BPA doses ranging from 0.025µg/kg/day to 250µg/kg/day exhibits delayed terminal end bud formation and consequently the ductal outgrowth. Later in life, the mice that were exposed in utero to BPA displayed an increased number of mammary epithelial cells. Acute exposure of 3-week-old mice to BPA can alter gene expression levels of an important estrogen target gene, amphiregulin. Taken together these data are compatible with a scenario in which perinatal BPA exposure may alter mammary gland development by affecting developmental signaling pathways. Résumé : Les taux d'incidence des cancers du sein ont augmenté au cours des cent dernières années en particulier dans les pays industriels occidentaux et ils continuent d'augmenter dans le monde entier. Le risque du cancer du sein a été corrélé à l'exposition au cours de la vie aux oestrogènes endogènes et exogènes. Il y a une préoccupation croissante concernant l'exposition aux perturbateurs endocriniens qui ne cessent de s'accumulent dans notre environnement et qui peuvent également avoir un rôle dans l'augmentation des cancers du sein. En utilisant le modèle de souris, j'ai analysé le rôle physiologique de la voie de signalisation à l'oestrogène dans le développement mammaire. J'ai prouvé que l'oestrogène par l'intermédiaire de son récepteur alpha (ERα) est indispensable dans l'épithélium pour la morphogénèse du système canalaire pendant la puberté. De plus, j'ai démontré que les oestrogènes induisent la prolifération des cellules épithéliales mammaires par un mécanisme paracrine. La présence de la voie de signalisation à l'oestrogène est essentielle de manière intrinsèque à la cellule par l'intermédiaire d'ERα ou ERβ pour la différentiation terminale des cellules épithéliales en cellules sécrétrices de lait pendant la grossesse. En outre, j'ai examiné comment l'exposition périnatale au bisphénol A (BPA), un plastifiant présentant des propriétés ostrogéniques et omniprésent dans divers produits d'usage courant tels que les biberons des bébés et les récipients en plastique, affecte le développement de la glande mammaire et prédispose probablement celle-ci à la tumorigénèse. J'ai constaté que l'exposition périnatale à BPA retarde la formation des bourgeons terminaux et par conséquent la croissance du système canalaire. Plus tard dans la vie, les souris qui ont été exposées dans l'utérus au BPA ont montré un plus grand nombre de cellules épithéliales mammaires. L'exposition aiguë de souris âgées de 3 semaines au BPA perturbe le niveau d'expression d'un gène cible important de l'oestrogène, l'amphiregulin. Ces données sont compatibles avec un scénario dans lequel l'exposition périnatale au BPA peut changer le développement de la glande mammaire en affectant des voies de signalisation développementales.

Study of chemical modification of alkaline lignin by the glyoxalation reaction

In this study, glyoxalated alkaline lignins with a non-volatile and non-toxic aldehyde, which can be obtained from several natural resources, namely glyoxal, were prepared and characterized for its use in wood adhesives. The preparation method consisted of the reaction of lignin with glyoxal under an alkaline medium. The influence of reaction conditions such as the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide-to-lignin and reaction time were studied relative to the properties of the prepared adducts. The analytical techniques used were FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results from both the FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies showed that the amount of introduced aliphatic hydroxyl groups onto the lignin molecule increased with increasing reaction time and reached a maximum value at 10 h, and after they began to decrease. The molecular weights remained unchanged until 10 h of reaction time, and then started to increase, possibly due to the repolymerization reactions. DSC analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased with the introduction of glyoxal onto the lignin molecule due to the increase in free volume of the lignin molecules. TGA analysis showed that the thermal stability of glyoxalated lignin is not influenced and remained suitable for wood adhesives. Compared to the original lignin, the improved lignin is reactive and a suitable raw material for adhesive formula

Support for Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Requirements among US Healthcare Personnel.

Objective. To measure support for seasonal influenza vaccination requirements among US healthcare personnel (HCP) and its associations with attitudes regarding influenza and influenza vaccination and self-reported coverage by existing vaccination requirements. Design. Between June 1 and June 30, 2010, we surveyed a sample of US HCP ([Formula: see text]) recruited using an existing probability-based online research panel of participants representing the US general population as a sampling frame. Setting. General community. Participants. Eligible HCP who (1) reported having worked as medical doctors, health technologists, healthcare support staff, or other health practitioners or who (2) reported having worked in hospitals, ambulatory care facilities, long-term care facilities, or other health-related settings. Methods. We analyzed support for seasonal influenza vaccination requirements for HCP using proportion estimation and multivariable probit models. Results. A total of 57.4% (95% confidence interval, 53.3%-61.5%) of US HCP agreed that HCP should be required to be vaccinated for seasonal influenza. Support for mandatory vaccination was statistically significantly higher among HCP who were subject to employer-based influenza vaccination requirements, who considered influenza to be a serious disease, and who agreed that influenza vaccine was safe and effective. Conclusions. A majority of HCP support influenza vaccination requirements. Moreover, providing HCP with information about the safety of influenza vaccination and communicating that immunization of HCP is a patient safety issue may be important for generating staff support for influenza vaccination requirements.

Vibration and two-photon absorption

The rigorous and transparent treatment of the effects of nuclear vibrational motion in two-photon absorption (TPA) was discussed. Perturbation formula for diatomic molecules were developed and applied to the X¹Σ+–A¹Π transition in CO. The analysis showed that the vibrations played an important role in TPA, just as their role in the calculation of conventional nonlinear optical (NLO) hyperpolarizabilities

Selected configuration interaction with truncation energy error and application to the Ne atom

Selected configuration interaction (SCI) for atomic and molecular electronic structure calculations is reformulated in a general framework encompassing all CI methods. The linked cluster expansion is used as an intermediate device to approximate CI coefficients BK of disconnected configurations (those that can be expressed as products of combinations of singly and doubly excited ones) in terms of CI coefficients of lower-excited configurations where each K is a linear combination of configuration-state-functions (CSFs) over all degenerate elements of K. Disconnected configurations up to sextuply excited ones are selected by Brown's energy formula, ΔEK=(E-HKK)BK2/(1-BK2), with BK determined from coefficients of singly and doubly excited configurations. The truncation energy error from disconnected configurations, Δdis, is approximated by the sum of ΔEKS of all discarded Ks. The remaining (connected) configurations are selected by thresholds based on natural orbital concepts. Given a model CI space M, a usual upper bound ES is computed by CI in a selected space S, and EM=E S+ΔEdis+δE, where δE is a residual error which can be calculated by well-defined sensitivity analyses. An SCI calculation on Ne ground state featuring 1077 orbitals is presented. Convergence to within near spectroscopic accuracy (0.5 cm-1) is achieved in a model space M of 1.4× 109 CSFs (1.1 × 1012 determinants) containing up to quadruply excited CSFs. Accurate energy contributions of quintuples and sextuples in a model space of 6.5 × 1012 CSFs are obtained. The impact of SCI on various orbital methods is discussed. Since ΔEdis can readily be calculated for very large basis sets without the need of a CI calculation, it can be used to estimate the orbital basis incompleteness error. A method for precise and efficient evaluation of ES is taken up in a companion paper

Estimation of electronic coupling in π -stacked donor-bridge-acceptor systems: correction of the two-state model

Comparison of donor-acceptor electronic couplings calculated within two-state and three-state models suggests that the two-state treatment can provide unreliable estimates of Vda because of neglecting the multistate effects. We show that in most cases accurate values of the electronic coupling in a π stack, where donor and acceptor are separated by a bridging unit, can be obtained as Ṽ da = (E2 - E1) μ12 Rda + (2 E3 - E1 - E2) 2 μ13 μ23 Rda2, where E1, E2, and E3 are adiabatic energies of the ground, charge-transfer, and bridge states, respectively, μij is the transition dipole moments between the states i and j, and Rda is the distance between the planes of donor and acceptor. In this expression based on the generalized Mulliken-Hush approach, the first term corresponds to the coupling derived within a two-state model, whereas the second term is the superexchange correction accounting for the bridge effect. The formula is extended to bridges consisting of several subunits. The influence of the donor-acceptor energy mismatch on the excess charge distribution, adiabatic dipole and transition moments, and electronic couplings is examined. A diagnostic is developed to determine whether the two-state approach can be applied. Based on numerical results, we showed that the superexchange correction considerably improves estimates of the donor-acceptor coupling derived within a two-state approach. In most cases when the two-state scheme fails, the formula gives reliable results which are in good agreement (within 5%) with the data of the three-state generalized Mulliken-Hush model

Temporary and circular labour migration : reassessing established public policies

Today, Temporary Labour Migration is a fundamental course of action promoted by relevant economic and political agents, such as EC, the GCIM, or the OECD. Based on a specific empirical case study of Temporary and Circular Labour Migration in the Catalonian agrarian sector, which has been distinguished as a particularly successful formula, we identify a new area of interest: the emergence of a new empirical migrant category, the Circular Labour Migrant, which remains theoretically unnamed and lacks public recognition. We argue that, until now, there have been two historical phases regarding temporary labour migration: one of total deregulation and another of partial regulation, led by private actors with support from public institutions, and featuring circularity. IN a developed Welfare State context, it would be normatively pertinent to except a step towards a third phase, one involving the institutionalization of this new mobility category through the elaboration of a public policy.

Teaching Literature in EFL through the Story Grammar and Reader Response Approach

La Literatura ha de ser implementada a les aules com a eina per a l’ensenyament i aprenentatge de la llengua anglesa, i hauria de complementar els llibres de text d’ensenyament d’aquesta llengua. D’aquesta manera els alumnes seran exposats encara més a una varietat de registres, expressions i vocabulari d’aquesta llengua. La metodologia d’ensenyar la gramàtica dels contes o històries coneguda en anglès com “Story Grammar Approach” (SGA) i la metodologia sobre la comprensió i reacció lectora o “Reader Response Approach” (RRA) són excel•lent vehicles per a implementar la Literatura com a eina a les aules per a ensenyar anglès.La metodologia sobre la gramàtica de contes o “SGA” només es pot posar en pràctica quan els textos són narratius perquè aquests posseeixen tots els següents elements:• Personatges• Ambient• Trama• Conflicte• Resolució• Tema La metodologia de la reacció lectiva o “RRA” es centra principalment en la comprensió subjectiva i reacció del lector sobre un text, en la qual el lector formula una hipòtesis i aporta les seves idees sobre el text a una conversa grupal. Els estudiants han de poder aportar les seves reaccions, idees i respostes sobre els textos. La metodologia “RRA” també enfoca les habilitats cognitives superiors i empenya a l’alumne a millorar la seva expressió oral.Aquestes dues metodologies aporten incomptable avantatges. Treballen totes les intel•ligències múltiples i totes les competències acadèmiques (menys la matemàtica), els alumnes aprenen a treballar i a escolar als altres (i valorar altres opinions), poden aprendre sobre diferents cultures, la història, geografia, són exposats a diferents gèneres, i fomenten i estimulen la lectura i escriptura, com també treballen les habilitats productives i receptives en l’aprenentatge del anglès.

Les fabricacions periodístiques del segle XX: contribució a la definició del concepte de veracitat de la informació

El concepte de veracitat és un terme que genera consens entre els estudiosos del’ètica periodística, entre els mateixos periodistes i entre l’audiència perquè hi ha una càrrega simbòlica molt important. En aquest sentit, la veracitat està molt vinculada amb la praxis periodística. El seu discurs es formula des de l’ètica i es posiciona com una valor absolut. No hiha periodisme sense veritat. Tot i amb això, aquest principi es transgredit per periodistes que s’inventen o fabriquen una història i la presenten com a verídica. Coneguts són els casos de Janet Cooke, Stephen Glass o Jayson Blair. La descoberta d’aquestes invencions ha provocatun intens debat entre els professionals de la comunicació, però quina ha estat la sevacontribució en la definició del concepte de veracitat?

Cardiac function assessed by transesophageal echocardiography during pectus excavatum repair.

BACKGROUND: We assessed end-diastolic right ventricular (RV) dimensions and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction by use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography before and after surgical correction of pectus excavatum in adults. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted including 17 patients undergoing surgical correction of pectus excavatum according to the technique of Ravitch-Shamberger between 1999 and 2004. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed under general anesthesia before and after surgery to assess end-diastolic RV dimensions and LV ejection fraction. The end-diastolic RV diameter and area were measured in four-chamber and RV inflow-outflow view, and the RV volume was calculated from these data. The LV was assessed by transgastric short-axis view, and its ejection fraction was calculated by use of the Teichholz formula. RESULTS: The end-diastolic RV diameter, area, and volume all significantly increased after surgery (mean values +/- SD, respectively: 2.4 +/- 0.8 cm versus 3.0 +/- 0.9 cm, p < 0.001; 12.5 +/- 5.2 cm(2) versus 18.4 +/- 7.5 cm(2), p < 0.001; and 21.7 +/- 11.7 mL versus 40.8 +/- 23 mL, p < 0.001). The LV ejection fraction also significantly increased after surgery (58.4% +/- 15% versus 66.2% +/- 6%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical correction of pectus excavatum according to Ravitch-Shamberger technique results in a significant increase in end-diastolic RV dimensions and a significantly increased LV ejection fraction.