First case of an infection of the metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum compactum (Lutz, 1928) (Digenea, Diplostomidae) in Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae).

Austrodiplostomum compactum (Lutz, 1928) (Digenea, Diplostomidae) was recorded infecting the eyes of a Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). This is the first report of a loricarid fish infected with A. compactum.

Chromosome banding in three species of Hypsiboas (Hylidae, Hylinae), with special reference to a new case of B-chromosome in anuran frogs and to the reduction of the diploid number of 2n=24 to 2n=22 in the genus

The chromosomes of hylids Hypsiboas albopunctatus, H. raniceps, and H. crepitans from Brazil were analyzed with standard and differential staining techniques. The former species presented 2n = 22 and 2n = 23 karyotypes, the odd diploid number is due to the presence of an extra element interpreted as B chromosome. Although morphologically very similar to the small-sized chromosomes of the A complement, the B was promptly recognized, even under standard staining, on the basis of some characteristics that are usually attributed to this particular class of chromosomes. The two other species have 2n = 24, which is the chromosome number usually found in the species of Hypsiboas karyotyped so far. This means that 2n = 22 is a deviant diploid number, resulted from a structural rearrangement, altering the chromosome number of 2n = 24 to 2n = 22. Based on new chromosome data, some possibilities were evaluated for the origin of B chromosome in Hypsiboas albopunctatus, as well as the karyotypic evolution in the genus, leading to the reduction in the diploid number of 2n = 24 to 2n = 22.

Nucleolus organizer regions in Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura, Leptodactylidae), with evidence of a unique case of Ag-NOR variability

We studied ten specimens of Physalaemus cuvieri collected at different localities in Brazil using conventional staining and banding techniques. All specimens had 2n = 22. There were karyotypic variants: distinct patterns in the number and chromosome localization of Ag-NORs as well as in the corresponding secondary constrictions. Preliminary C-banding patterns obtained for specimens From two localities are also suggestive of karyotypic differentiation in P. cuvieri.

Copia Retrotransposon in the Zaprionus Genus: Another Case of Transposable Element Sharing with the Drosophila melanogaster Subgroup

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dynamics of two satellites in the 2/1 Mean-Motion resonance: application to the case of Enceladus and Dione

The dynamics of a pair of satellites similar to Enceladus-Dione is investigated with a two-degrees-of-freedom model written in the domain of the planar general three-body problem. Using surfaces of section and spectral analysis methods, we study the phase space of the system in terms of several parameters, including the most recent data. A detailed study of the main possible regimes of motion is presented, and in particular we show that, besides the two separated resonances, the phase space is replete of secondary resonances.

Rapidly varying boundaries in equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. The case of a Lipschitz deformation

We analyze the behavior of solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions of type partial derivative u/partial derivative n + g( x, u) = 0 when the boundary of the domain varies very rapidly. We show that the limit boundary condition is given by partial derivative u/partial derivative n+gamma(x) g(x, u) = 0, where gamma(x) is a factor related to the oscillations of the boundary at point x. For the case where we have a Lipschitz deformation of the boundary,. is a bounded function and we show the convergence of the solutions in H-1 and C-alpha norms and the convergence of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the linearization around the solutions. If, moreover, a solution of the limit problem is hyperbolic, then we show that the perturbed equation has one and only one solution nearby.

VERY RAPIDLY VARYING BOUNDARIES IN EQUATIONS WITH NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS. THE CASE of A NON UNIFORMLY LIPSCHITZ DEFORMATION

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On an acute case of Chagas disease in a region under vector control in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Desde a década de 1970 não se notificavam casos autóctones de doença de Chagas aguda em São Paulo. em março de 2006 a Vigilância Epidemiológica registrou óbito por doença de Chagas aguda, em Itaporanga, de paciente de seis anos de idade. Exame histopatológico post mortem realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu confirmou o diagnóstico. Consultamos prontuários de hospitais e entrevistamos profissionais de saúde envolvidos além de familiares do paciente. Descrevemos medidas adotadas in loco para identificar a via de transmissão, reservatórios e vetores. Discutimos as possíveis fontes de infecção. Na região não foram identificados outros casos humanos, vetores ou reservatórios vertebrados infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi. Salientamos a importância de manter a vigilância, mesmo em áreas onde a transmissão de doença de Chagas está interrompida e naquelas ainda infestadas por triatomíneos. Deve-se admitir a hipótese diagnóstica de doença de Chagas quando observados: edema palpebral (uni ou bilateral), insuficiência cardíaca, miocardite, pericardite, anasarca, quadros similares aos de síndrome nefrótica ou glomerulonefrite sem causas outras aparentes, em pacientes com dados epidemiológicos positivos. Encontro, mesmo em raras ocasiões, de triatomíneos na região ou ainda contato com alimento contaminável com formas infectantes de T. cruzi.

New insights into the in vitro organogenesis process: the case of Passiflora

We present evidences that ultrastructural electron microscope findings are valuable ways to understand the in vitro regeneration process, in particular in the yellow passion fruit. Shoot-regeneration was induced in hypocotyl and leaf-derived explants using 4.44 mu M BAP, and the entire organogenic process was analyzed using conventional histology, scanning and transmission electronic microscopy. Both direct and indirect regeneration modes were observed in hypocotyl explants, but only direct regeneration occurred in leaf-derived cultures. In the direct pathway from both explant types, meristemoids developed into globular structures, here called protuberances. The peripheral meristematic layers of the protuberances displayed ultrastructural characteristics indicative of a high metabolic activity, and only these cells originated shoots and leaf primordia, the latter being frequent when leaf explants were used. Moreover, the peripheral cells of the protuberances derived from leaf explants lost adhesion during the culture, diminishing the regeneration rates. We recommend the use of hypocotyls as a source of explant to obtain shoots as well as a genetic transformation system for the yellow passion fruit. However, the direct pathway is preferred because a type of amitosis occurred in the peripheral cells of hypocotyl-derived calli, which has the potential to result in genetic instability of the regenerating plants/tissue.

THAUMATOMYRMEX STRIPS MILLIPEDES FOR PREY - A NOVEL PREDATORY BEHAVIOR IN ANTS, AND THE 1ST CASE OF SYMPATRY IN THE GENUS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE)

We describe, for the first time, the predatory behaviour of Thaumatomyrmex ants on millipedes of the family Polyxenidae, based on field observations of T. atrox and a field and laboratory study of T. contumax. The capture of the prey and the removal process of its body-covering setae by the ants before they eat the millipede are described. This specialized behaviour in at least two species of the genus, belonging to two distinct groups of species, indicates a general trend in Thaumatomyrmex. We coupled this study with a comparative morphological analysis of the mouthparts and digestive tube of these and other Thaumatomyrmex species. Also, we report the first case of sympatry in the genus, which suggests that Thaumatomyrmex includes several species. and not only one highly variable taxon, as hypothesized earlier.

The implications of laboratory Rn-222 flux measurements to the radioactivity in groundwaters: the case of a karstic limestone aquifer

Laboratory time-scale experiments were conducted on Carboniferous Limestone gravels from the Mendip Hills area, England, with the purpose of evaluating the release of Rn-222 to the water phase. The specific surface areas of the samples were 4.14 and 1.69 cm g(-1), which provided, respectively, values of 50.6 and 12.7 pCi for the released Rn. These results allowed the calculation of the emanation coefficient of this rock matrix with respect to the release of Rn, where completely different values corresponding to 23% and 6% were found, suggesting that the extent to which grain boundaries or imperfections in aggregates of micro-crystals of calcite intersect the particle surface certainly affects the Rn release. They also permitted the evaluation of models for the generation of Rn in rocks and transfer to water, in order to interpret the radioactivity due to this gas in groundwaters from the karstic aquifer of the Mendip Hills area, where the calculated activities in groundwater based on the values of 23% and 6% for the emanation coefficient were about 51 and 15 times higher than actually measured in groundwater. Therefore, the emanation coefficient in nature is considerably smaller than in the lab experiment, and another factor k (0 < k < 1) may be introduced into the equations related to the modelling, with the aim of adjusting the theoretical-practical results. (C) 1997 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Brachytherapy using gold-198 foils in treatment of mouth tumors: case report

The authors presents a clinical case treated with brachytherapy performed with special mold of gold-198 disc, with the purpose of evaluating the distribution of radiation dose, the viability of manufacturing the radioactivity prosthesis and its operational cost. In despite of being only one case, we can conclude that the prosthesis with gold-198 foils can be manufactured in acrylic with thickness thinner than those ones with cylinder of cesium-137, resulting lower operational costs, besides permitting better distribution of radiation dose on the lesion. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Complex cytogenetic rearrangement in a case of unicameral bone cyst

Cytogenetic analysis of a unicameral bone cyst surgically resected in an 11-year-old boy revealed a highly complex clonal structural rearrangement involving chromosomes 4, 6, 8, 16, 21, and both 12. These findings reinforce the need for further studies on unicameral bone cysts to verify the frequency and to understand the significance of chromosome anomalies in this type of lesion.

TOURISM IN CAVES and THE CONSERVATION of THE SPELEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: THE CASE of SERRA da BODOQUENA (MATO GROSSO do SUL STATE, BRAZIL)

Heros Augusto Santos Lobo & Edvaldo Cesar Moretti: Tourism in Caves and the Conservation of the Speleological Heritage: The case of Serra da Bodoquena (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil)The Serra da Bodoquena is the region in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil in which the Municipality of Bonito is located. This municipality is the primary calling card for tourism in the state and is one of the most developed areas of ecotourism and speleotourism in the country The tourism there is entitled ecotourism, and is designed to be sustainable. The present case study focuses on the ecologically Sustainable aspects of the spleotourism practiced there, especially the proposals for tourist carrying capacity adopted. The results and discussion provide Suggestions for the adoption of a different formulation of carrying capacity focusing on both operational and quantitative aspects. Ecologically Sustainable speleotourism in the Serra da Bodoquena should be possible as long as new proposals limiting visitation are adopted which conform to technical environmental management procedures and consider the interests of local stakeholders.