Associação da variabilidade da precipitação pluvial em Santa Maria com a Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a associação da variabilidade interdecadal da chuva em Santa Maria, RS, com a Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico. Parte da variabilidade interanual da precipitação pluvial é explicada pelo fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS), que acontece no Oceano Pacífico. Na segunda metade da década de 1990, foi relatada outra oscilação na temperatura do Oceano Pacífico, de duração maior que o ENOS, denominada Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (ODP). Foram usados os dados mensais acumulados de precipitação do período 1912-2008, da Estação Climatológica principal de Santa Maria, e os valores mensais do índice ODP do mesmo período. A análise foi realizada em nível anual, semestral (primeiro e segundo semestre), sazonal (verão, outono, inverno e primavera) e mensal. Existe associação entre a chuva e a ODP, de modo que décadas com chuvas acima da normal são associadas à fase quente da ODP, intercaladas com décadas com chuva abaixo da normal associadas à fase fria da ODP, o que indica oscilações periódicas de médio e longo prazo na precipitação pluvial em Santa Maria, RS.

India in Translation through Hindi Literature. A Plurality of Voices

What role have translations from Hindi literary works played in shaping and transforming our knowledge about India? In this book, renowned scholars, translators and Hindi writers from India, Europe, and the United States offer their approaches to this question. Their articles deal with the political, cultural, and linguistic criteria germane to the selection and translation of Hindi works, the nature of the enduring links between India and Europe, and the reception of translated texts, particularly through the perspective of book history. More personal essays, both on the writing process itself or on the practice of translation, complete the volume and highlight the plurality of voices that are inherent to any translation. As the outcome of an international symposium held at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2008, India in Translation through Hindi Literature engages in the building of critical histories of the encounter between India and the «West», the use and impact of translations in this context, and Hindi literature and culture in connection to English (post)colonial power, literature and culture.

[Monreale. Duomo Santa Maria Nuova]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 213

[Monreale. Duomo Santa Maria Nuova]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 215

[Monreale. Duomo Santa Maria Nuova]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 214

[Monreale. Duomo Santa Maria Nuova]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 216

[Assise. Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 26

[Albano. Convento di Santa Maria ad Nives di Palazzolo]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 3

[Albano. Convento di Santa Maria ad Nives di Palazzolo]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 4

Variabilidade interdecadal na série secular de temperatura do ar em Santa Maria, RS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar possíveis associações entre a variabilidade interdecadal das temperaturas mínima (Tmín) e máxima (Tmáx) diárias do ar e da amplitude térmica diária (ATD) em Santa Maria, RS, com a Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (ODP). Foram usados os valores diários de Tmín e Tmáx de janeiro de 1912 a dezembro de 2009, e os valores mensais do índice da ODP do mesmo período. Há associação entre a variabilidade interdecadal da Tmín e Tmáx e da ATD com a ODP nesse local. Na fase fria da ODP, de 1947-1976, houve decréscimo nas Tmín e Tmáx. Nas duas fases quentes da ODP, 1925-1946 e de 1977-1998, houve aumento na Tmín no primeiro período e na Tmáx no segundo período. Durante a fase fria da ODP, de 1947-1976, houve redução da ATD, pela diminuição da Tmáx média e máxima. Houve aumento na ATD, no primeiro semestre na fase fria atual (1999-2009), em razão da diminuição na média da Tmín. Esses ciclos de aquecimento e resfriamento, na escala decadal, podem nortear estratégias de adaptação e mitigação na agricultura, por meio do melhoramento genético e desenvolvimento de cultivares tolerantes a tais oscilações de temperatura.

The Dutung-Thaktote extensional fault zone and nappe structures documented by illite crystallinity and clay-mineral paragenesis in the Tethys Himalaya between Spiti river and Tso Morari, NW India

Numerous measurements by XRD of the Scherrer width at half-peak height (001 reflection of illite), coupled with analyses of clay-size assemblages, provide evidence for strong variations in the conditions of low temperature metamorphism in the Tethyan Himalaya metasediments between the Spiti river and the Tso Morari. Three sectors can be distinguished along the Spiti river-Tso Morari transect. In the SW, the Takling and Parang La area is characterised by a metamorphism around anchizone-epizone boundary conditions. Further north, in the Dutung area, the metamorphic grade abruptly decreases to weak diagenesis, with the presence of mixed-layered clay phases. At the end of the profile towards the NE, a progressive metamorphic increase up to greenschist facies is recorded, marked by the appearance of biotite and chloritoid. The combination of these data with the structural. observations permits to propose that a nappe stack has been crosscut by the younger Dutung-Thaktote extensional fault zone (DTFZ). The change in metamorphism across this zone helps to assess the displacements which occurred during synorogenic extension. In the SW and NE parts of the studied transect, a burial of 12 km has been estimated, assuming a geothermal gradient of 25 degrees C/km. In the SW part, this burial is due to the juxtaposition of the Shikar Beh and Mata nappes and in the NE part, solely to burial beneath the Mata nappe. In the central part of the profile, the effect of the DTFZ is to bring down diagenetic sediments in-between the two aforesaid metamorphic zones. The offset along the Dutung-Thaktote normal faults is estimated at 16 km.

Standards and service offshoring in India: Moving beyond industry and institutional specificities

Résumé Cet article examine le rôle joué par les normes internationales techniques dans la mondialisation des activités de service. Différentes approches d'économie considèrent que les spécificités des activités de services sont un frein à leur délocalisation, à leur industrialisation et à leur normalisation. A l'opposé de ces approches centrées sur les spécificités des activités de services, les approches d'économie politique internationale mettent en avant l'existence de configurations conflictuelles de pouvoir à l'oeuvre dans l'internationalisation des activités de services et ce, au-delà des limites sectorielles et nationales. Cet article examine le cas du secteur des centres d'appels et, plus généralement, celui de la sous-traitance des services aux entreprises (BPO) en Inde. Nos résultats suggèrent que les normes techniques sont importantes dans le secteur étudié, alors même que ces types de services sont conventionnellement identifiés comme étant peu susceptibles d'être soumis à des normes. Une perspective d'économie politique sur la normalisation des activités de service souligne comment la problématique du pouvoir investit la normalisation technique d'une dimension plus progressive à travers les thématiques du "travailleur", du "consommateur", ou de "l'environnement". Abstract This paper explores the role of international standards in the much-debated globalisation of the service economy. Various strands of economic analyses consider that core attributes of services affect their ability to be reliably delocalised, industrialised, and standardised. In contrast, international political economy approaches draw attention to power configurations supporting conflicting use of standards across industries and nations. The paper examines the case of the rising Indian service industry in customer centres and business process outsourcing to probe these opposing views. Our findings suggest that standards matter in types of services that conventional economic analyses identify as unlikely to be standardised, and that the standards used in the Indian BPO industry are widely accepted. Despite little conflict in actual definitions of market requirements, an international political economy perspective on service standardisation highlights the importance of potential power issues related to workers', consumers', and environmental concerns likely to be included in more progressive forms of standardisation.