Current status of the waste-to-energy chain in the County of North Savo, Finland

The aim of this report is to describe the current status of the waste-to-energy chain in the province of Northern Savonia in Finland. This work is part of the Baltic Sea Region Programme project Remowe-Regional Mobilizing of Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Production (2009-2012). Partnering regions across Baltic Sea countries have parallelly investigated the current status, bottle-necks and needs for development in their regions. Information about the current status is crucial for the further work within the Remowe project, e.g. in investigating the possible future status in target regions. Ultimate result from the Northern Savonia point of view will be a regional model which utilizes all available information and facilitates decision-making concerning energy utilization of waste. The report contains information on among others: - waste management system (sources, amounts, infrastructure) - energy system (use, supply, infrastructure) - administrative structure and legislation - actors and stakeholders in the waste-to-energy field, including interest and development ideas The current status of the regions will be compared in a separate Remowe report, with the focus on finding best practices that could be transferred among the regions. In this report, the current status has been defined as 2006-2009. In 2009, the municipal waste amount per capita was 479 kg/inhabitant in Finland. Industrial waste amounted 3550 kg/inhabitant, respectively. The potential bioenergy from biodegradable waste amounts 1 MWh/inhabitant in Northern Savonia. This figure includes animal manure, crops that would be suitable for energy use, sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants and separately collected biowaste. A key strategy influencing also to Remowe work is the waste plan for Eastern Finland. Currently there operate two digestion plants in Northern Savonia: Lehtoniemi municipal sewage treatment sludge digestion plant of Kuopion Vesi and the farm-scale research biogas plant of Agrifood Research Finland in Maaninka. Moreover, landfill gas is collected to energy use from Heinälamminrinne waste management centre and Silmäsuo closed landfill site, both belonging to Jätekukko Oy. Currently there is no thermal utilization of waste in Northern Savonia region. However, Jätekukko Oy is pretreating mixed waste and delivering refuse derived fuel (RDF) to Southern Finland to combustion. There is a strong willingness among seven regional waste management companies in Eastern Finland to build a waste incineration plant to Riikinneva waste management centre near city of Varkaus. The plant would use circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. This would been a clear boost in waste-to-energy utilization in Northern Savonia and in many surrounding regions.

Colum C. Chapman, Chicago, Illinois

Cabinet card photographic portrait of Colum C. Chapman in his National Guard uniform, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1890.

Frank M. Chapman, Jr. son of Frank M. and Wilhelmina Chapman, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1891.

Studio portrait of Frank M. Chapman, Jr. son of Frank M. and Wilhelmina Chapman, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1891.

Frank C. Chapman, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1890

Studio portrait of Frank C. Chapman, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1890.

Label, "Clarke & Chapman, Packers and Jobbers of Green Apples, Macomb, Illinois

Label on card stock for "Clarke & Chapman, Packers and Jobbers of Green Apples, Macomb, Illinois, 1870-1878"

Wilhelmina Zillen Chapman, Chicago, Illinois, 1892

Cabinet card portrait of Wilhelmina Zillen Chapman, mother of Grant Chapman and grandmother of Joyce Chapman, taken by G. D. Morse, Chicago, Illinois, July, 1892.

Charles C. and Lizzie Chapman with daughter Ethel, Chicago, Illinois

Charles C. Chapman and his wife, Lizzie Pearson Chapman, with baby daughter Ethel in a hammock, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1885.

Mrs. Heppenstall, a member of the Chapman family, Abington, Illinois

Cabinet card photographic portrait of Nancy Wallace Pearson Heppenstall [1834-1916], taken in the studio of William Johnston, Abington, Illinois. She was the mother of Lizzie Pearson Chapman, wife of Charles Clarke Chapman.

E. Joe Clarke, Monmouth, Illinois

Cabinet card photographic portrait of E. Joe Clarke, taken in the Root studio, Monmouth, Illinois.

Unidentified member of the Chapman family, Hattoon, Illinois

Unidentified studio portrait of a member of the Chapman family, taken in the Teitzell Studio, Hattoon, Illinois.

Residence, Sterling, Illinois

Residence [written over photograph: "Home 1916-1919"], possibly Sterling, Illinois, ca. 1919.

Central Park, Sterling, Illinois

Written on front: "Central Park, Sterling, Illinois, 24729." Written on back: "My playground 1911-13 and 1916-19."

Samuel James Chapman, Illinois, ca. 1880

Portrait of a young Samuel James Chapman, taken in Illinois, ca. 1880.

Estudio de la incidencia psicolingüística en la lectura usando como instrumento de diagnóstico y como base de programas de intervención psicopedagógica el test de aptitudes psicolingüísticas de Illinois.

Comparar la correlación que con la madurez lectora pueden tener variables de tipo psicolingüístico en comparación con variables de tipo psicomotriz. Analizar, estudiar y adaptar el material de intervención educativa editado en base al test Illinois de aptitudes psicolingüísticas. Aplicar y evaluar en la práctica escolar los programas de intervención adaptados. Primera investigación: 102 alumnos de segundo de preescolar, primero y segundo de EGB. Segunda investigación: 25 alumnos de segundo de EGB de cinco centros públicos de Ciudad Real. Se presentan 2 investigaciones paralelas. En la primera se establece un diseño transversal. Se correlacionan 19 variables de tipo psicolingüístico y 3 variables psicomotrices con una variable de madurez lectora. En la segunda investigación se procede a la revisión, adaptación y traducción de los materiales de intervención editados en base al ITPA. Posteriormente, se aplican y evaluan dichos programas siguiendo un diseño test-retest. Test Illinois de aptitudes psicolingüísticas, test de lectura Edil, test de escritura Enives, test de cálculo Enima, test gestáltico visomotor de Bender. Primera investigación: las variables psicolingüísticas son las que mayor correlación obtienen con la madurez lectora, aunque dicha correlación es de tipo medio. En preescolar la variable 'canal visomotor' es la que mejor correlaciona con la madurez lectora. En primero de EGB, son conjuntamente 'procesos de elaboración' y 'expresión verbal' las que mejor correlacionan. En segundo de EGB, la madurez lectora correlaciona significativamente con el 'nivel psicolingüístico global' y la 'memoria secuencial visomotora'. Segunda investigación: se observa una clara evolución de los alumnos a los que se aplicaron los programas, aunque se carece de datos fiables para adjudicar dicha evolución a los programas de intervención. No obstante, el profesorado ha evaluado como muy útil el material confeccionado.