1000 resultados para Evaluación de riesgo
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BACKGROUND Tocilizumab (TCZ) was superior to adalimumab (ADA), as monotherapy, in reducing signs and symptoms of adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when methotrexate (MTX) treatment is poorly tolerated or inappropriate. The aim of the study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of TCZ vs ADA in these patients. METHODS Economic evaluation of the cost per response or remission of TCZ vs ADA from ADACTA (time horizon: 24 weeks). Clinical response criteria ACR or disease remission criteria, DAS28. PERSPECTIVE National Health System. The costs included (acquisition, administration and monitoring of medicines; € 2012) were obtained from Spanish sources. Simple univariate sensitivity analyzes were performed. RESULTS ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70 response rates with TCZ and ADA were obtained in 65% and 49.4% (p <0.01), 47.2% and 27.8% (p <0.01); and 32.5% and 17.9% (p <0.01) of patients, respectively. DAS28 remission occurred in 39.9% and 10.5%, respectively (p <0.0001). The cost per response was lower with TCZ than with ADA (ACR20: € 8,105 and € 11,553; ACR50: € 11,162 and € 20,529; ACR70: € 16,211 and € 31,882) respectively. The cost of DAS28 remission was € 13,204 and € 54,352, respectively. Treatment with TCZ was dominant (more effective, with lower costs vs ADA) in all scenarios analyzed. CONCLUSIONS According to this analysis, in Spain TCZ monotherapy is an efficient strategy vs ADA for treating RA patients intolerant to MTX or in which there is inappropriate response.
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El objetivo de este proyecto ha sido analizar los posibles efectos del biochar obtenido de restos de biomasa de resinosas, de caducifolios y de un lodo de depuradora por tres procedimientos de pirolisis (lenta, rápida y gasificación), sobre un suelo (Haploxerept típico) y una planta de interés agrícola (Hordeum vulgare). Adicionalmente, se han comparado los efectos del biochar con los producidos por la aplicación de los materiales originales, y la interacción del biochar sobre el fertilizante mineral incorporado al suelo. Por último, se ha completado el trabajo con la observación de la influencia del biochar en la formación de micorrizas. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se ha realizado un ensayo en invernadero y diferentes análisis en laboratorio que han permitido el estudio comparativo de la germinación y crecimiento de la cebada, y de diferentes parámetros fisicoquímicos del suelo que podrían explicar la respuesta de las plantas crecidas sobre los distintos tipos de biochar. A partir de la interpretación de los resultados se ha determinado que los diferentes tipos de biochar han provocado un mayor desarrollo de la cebada en comparación con la aplicación de sus respectivas materias primas, o bien se ha observado la desaparición de efectos inhibidores como en el caso de los lodos de depuradora. Por otro lado, ha destacado el biochar obtenido por pirólisis lenta del resto de los biochars puesto que se ha observado menor mineralización de su materia orgánica de los suelos y mayor eficiencia en el desarrollo de las plantas. Por último, el efecto de la enmienda orgánica en forma de biochar sobre el desarrollo de las plantas ha sido menor que el efecto provocado directamente por la fertilización mineral.
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This article briefly reviews the composition of the hyaline cartilage and its ultrastructure. Subsequently, we offer a brief review of the role of imaging techniques in the assessment of this pathology. These include the most useful pulse sequences for the morphological assessment of cartilaginous injuries using MRI, as well as how these injuries appear in the images, at pre and post-surgical intervals. Lastly, we mention the developments in MRI that allow us to close in on the biochemical assessment of normal and pathological cartilage.
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III. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo diseñado para evaluar la analgesia postoperatoria de los pacientes sometidos a artroplastia de rodilla. Se comparon dos técnicas analgésicas (epidural y bloqueo femoral) y se analizaron los efectos secundarios e incidencias asociadas a cada una de las técnicas. Los resultados mostraron un grado de satisfacción elevado en nuestros pacientes. Ambas técnicas ofrecieron un buen control analgésico tras ATR, aunque los valores de EVA recogidos fueron discretamente menores en el grupo que recibió analgesia epidural. El grupo epidural presentó mayor incidencia de retención urinaria. No se encontraron complicaciones graves, pero sí se recogieron incidencias asociadas al catéter epidural.
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OBJETIVO: Identificar factores predictivos de afectación unilateral en el cáncer de próstata (CaP) de bajo riesgo. MATERIAL Y METODOS: 95 pacientes con CaP de bajo riesgo. Evaluamos la presencia de CaP unilateral en la pieza de prostatectomía. Se realizó análisis uni y multivariante estudiando las variables: edad, PSA, volumen prostático, porcentaje de cilindros afectos y presencia de biopsias previas. RESULTADOS: el 36% presentaron CaP unilateral en la pieza. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre el grupo de pacientes con CaP unilateral y el bilateral. CONCLUSION: No hemos identificado ningún factor predictivo de CaP unilateral en pacientes de bajo riesgo.
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Los roedores tienen un importante papel como dispersores/depredadores de bellotas en los bosques Mediterráneos de Quercus spp. Existe abundante información del efecto de factores intrínsecos de las semillas (tamaño, composición) en la selección de las bellotas por estos animales, mientras que la influencia de otros procesos como el riesgo de depredación o la competencia intraespecífica han estado mucho menos estudiados. En un bosque mixto de encina y roble en el Parque Natural de Collserola, se ha investigado el patrón de dispersión/depredación de bellotas por parte del ratón de campo (Apodemus sylvaticus) en función del riesgo de depredación por parte de jineta (Genetta genetta) y la competencia intraespecífica (mediante un experimento en el que estos factores se simulaban a partir de olores). Un censo previo determinó que la población de roedores presente en el área de estudio estaba formada principalmente por Apodemys sylvaticus. Éstos respondieron al tratamiento de olor pues se observó un retraso significativo en la manipulación de bellotas de jineta respecto a los otros dos tratamientos. Asimismo, respecto a la distancia de dispersión se observó que las bellotas del tratamiento con olor a ratón eran dispersadas a menor distancia, a una distancia intermedia las de jineta y a mayor distancia las del tratamiento control. En todos los tratamientos, las bellotas dispersadas a zonas de microhábitat abierto fueron menos depredadas. Este trabajo sugiere que el patrón espacio temporal de dipersión/depredación de bellotas en bosques de encina y roble puede tener una elevada complejidad, a la vez que subraya el interés de mantener la integridad de las redes tróficas por sus efectos directos e indirectos sobre las poblaciones de organismos situados a diferentes niveles.
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En los últimos años la acuicultura de camarón se ha desarrollado como industria potencial en Brasil y sus actividades generan presiones sobre ecosistemas y comunidades tradicionales que viven en equilibrio con su entorno. En Cumbe, una comunidad tradicional del municipio de Aracati, Ceará, Brasil, el ecosistema que rodea a su población es el manglar. Debido a esta fuerte presión, tanto el manglar como los servicios ambientales de los que la población local se beneficia, están en peligro. Este estudio pretende evaluar las diferencias entre tres áreas de manglar que están afectadas en diferente grado por la presión de las industrias camaroneras. Se evalúan parámetros biológicos y la estructura de los manglares para observar las posibles diferencias y relacionarlas con las diferentes variables.
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OBJECTIVE This study assesses the effectiveness of a structured telephone survey on cardiovascular prevention, in modifying lifestyle, on cardiovascular risk parameters, percentage of smoking cessation and overall cardiovascular risk (CVR). DESIGN Quasi-experimental study of preventive intervention. SETTING Ibermutuamur (Spanish Accident and Health Insurance Company). Centres established throughout Spain. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4,792 workers with moderate/high cardiovascular risk who had agreed to be contacted by phone. Subjects with a previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and those receiving treatment for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or diabetes were excluded. INTERVENTION A final total of 3,085 workers were contacted and were followed up by telephone surveys on the first, fourth and eighth month after the initial check up (CU) in order to emphasise cardiovascular health advice (Group A); we failed to contact 1,707 workers, who only attended the baseline and one year CUs (Group B). PRINCIPAL OUTCOMES: CUs included medical records and physical examination, with two blood pressure measurements, Body Mass Index (BMI), and biochemical parameters. Cardiovascular risk was stratified following the European cardiovascular SCORE. Individuals with a relative risk higher than 4 were also considered as high-risk. All workers were informed about their cardiovascular risk profile (CVRF) and healthy cardiovascular lifestyle measures. They were also given a letter for their General Practitioner (GP) to inform them on the worker's cardiovascular risk level. RESULTS A total of 71.5% of the workers were over 45 years, 95.0% males, 76.6% manual workers ("Blue Collar") and 69.7% smokers. Both groups showed improvement in lipid parameters, blood pressure, smoking cessation and overall cardiovascular risk in the second CU. There were significant differences in favour of Group A as regards blood pressure, lipids (except HDL cholesterol), BMI, glycaemia, smoking cessation (A: 23.5%/B: 19.44%, P=0.001) and CVR stratum improvement (A: 46.6%/B: 37.7%, P=0.0001). The large majority (85%) of workers read preventive recommendations; 33% knew their risk level and 73% knew their CVRF. 52.9% gave the letter to the GP, which led them to start therapies on diet (47%), hypertension (19.5%), dyslipidaemia (16.7%), diabetes (4.4%) and smoking (2.9%) and no changes were made in 36.5% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggests that cardiovascular prevention strategy based on structured telephone surveys on high/moderate CVR subjects to promote lifestyle changes could be effective at reducing CVR. A clinical trial is required for confirmation. Sending information on CVRF following routine medial CUs and Primary Care involvement, could contribute to the positive changes observed.
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Different studies4, 5 relate that stress increases in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and consequently their salivary physiological responses (AEA salivary alpha-amylase, cortisol, cytokines, leptin), so in this study we relate these two parameters to see their progress through a program of physical activity. If we manage to reduce overweight or obesity, these physiological responses and stress should also be reduced, thus improving the overall health status of these children and adolescents. The overall objective of the study was to determine the influence of physical activity in obese children and adolescents in perceived stress. An observational, descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study will be carried out. The universe is made up of 60 overweight / obese children and adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years. The assessment will take place from September 2012 to September 2013. To collect saliva samples, the ELISA8 method will be used. Variables such as BMI, lifestyle and diet will also be collected. Among the expected results are to lower overweight and obesity in children through physical activity program. To reduce stress and to normalize physiological salivary parameters.
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Consta de dos partes.
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OBJECTIVE to evaluate the prescription profile and to assess the off-label and unlicensed uses of medicines among non-hospitalised pediatric patients. DESIGN cross-sectional study. SETTING pediatric units in two urban health centers and general emergency room (Hospital Materno-Infantil, Málaga). MAIN MEASUREMENTS sociodemographics variables, reasons for consultation and information about therapeutic medications. The classification of prescriptions was established according to information requirements contained in the Summary of Products Characteristics (SPC). RESULTS A total of 388 children were included (a subsample of 105 treated in the emergency room). Four hundred sixty-two prescriptions (involving 74 different active ingredients) were evaluated. Each infant received and average of 1,7 drugs (95% CI: 1,6-1,9). The most prescribed medicines were ibuprofen, paracetamol, amoxicillin-clavulanate and budesonide. The therapeutic group with the greatest variety of drugs was the respiratory group. 27,4% (95% CI: 23,5-31) of prescriptions were off-label and the main cause was different age (60%; 95% CI: 54,1-63), followed by different dose (21,5%; 95% CI: 18-25), different indication (12%; 95% CI: 9,2-15) and different route of administration (7%; 95% CI: 5,4-10). CONCLUSIONS The rate of off-label uses presents intermediate figures. Around one third of the paediatric outpatients in our sample are exposed to at least one off-label or unlicensed prescription. We should, however, point out that such usage is based on scant official, quality information, although it is not necessarily incorrect. Evidence-based medicine should be encouraged to improve drug therapy in children, as well as following the rules on drugs in special situations.
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El trabajo que se presenta en este artículo tiene como objetivo conocer los criterios y decisiones de los profesores universitarios para evaluar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, y analizar la incidencia de estos factores en la calidad del aprendizaje. Para ello se ha contado con la colaboración de un grupo de profesores de la Universidad de Girona que nos han proporcionado las demandas de evaluación que formulan a través de los exámenes y las respuestas escritas de los estudiantes a estas demandas. Complementariamente se ha realizado una entrevista a los profesores colaboradores para conocer sus criterios e intenciones al realizar la evaluación. Entre las conclusiones obtenidas de este estudio destacaríamos la relación que se produce entre la tipología de pregunta y la demanda formulada, la diversidad de criterios de evaluación existente y la complejidad que supone evaluar la calidad del aprendizaje
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To analyze the frequency of complications during laparoscopic gynecologic surgery and identify associated risk factors. METHODS A descriptive observational study was performed between January 2000 and December 2012 and included all gynecologic laparoscopies performed at our center. Variables were recorded for patient characteristics, indication for surgery, length of hospital stay (in days), major and minor complications, and conversions to laparotomy. To identify risk factors and variables associated with complications, crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Of all 2888 laparoscopies included, most were procedures of moderate difficulty (adnexal surgery) (54.2%). The overall frequency of major complications was 1.93%, and that of minor complications was 4.29%. The level of technical difficulty and existence of prior abdominal surgery were associated with a higher risk of major complications and conversions to laparotomy. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic gynecologic surgery is associated with a low frequency of complications but is a procedure that is not without risk. Greater technical difficulty and prior surgery were factors associated with a higher frequency of complications.
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INTRODUCTION: Weight gain and malnutrition after kidney transplantation is common and the resulting overweight and obesity is associated with serious health complications. By contrast, the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with renal transplantation and its impact on the outcome of kidney transplantation is underestimated. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of renal transplant patients and determine if the five-year follow-up, these patients undergo alterations that suggest nutritional deterioration. METHODS: The sample consisted of 119 renal transplant patients who attended for five years post-transplant consultation. All patients measurements of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and ferritin (Ft) were performed. and anthropometric measurements were made of weight, height and BMI. Patients were divided into three groups according to GFR Group 1: <60 mL/min, Group 2: 89-60 mL/min Group 3: ≥ 90 mL/min. RESULTS: The weight and BMI tended to decrease in group 3 while increasing in the other groups. A decrease in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides and Ferritin less pronounced in group 3 occurs. CONCLUSIONS: After five years you can see a significant reduction in nutritional biochemical parameters in general, likewise the nutritional status is closely related, and is directly proportional to the function of the graft.