A novel semi-fragile forensic watermarking scheme for remote sensing images

Peer-reviewed

A Secure and Anonymous Cooperative Sensing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks

Spectrum is an essential resource for the provision of mobile services. In order to control and delimit its use, governmental agencies set up regulatory policies. Unfortunately, such policies have led to a deficiency of spectrum as only few frequency bands are left unlicensed, and these are used for the majority of new emerging wireless applications. One promising way to alleviate the spectrum shortage problem is adopting a spectrum sharing paradigm in which frequency bands are used opportunistically. Cognitive radio is the key technology to enable this shift of paradigm.Cognitive radio networks are self-organized systems in which devices cooperate to use those spectrum ranges that are not occupied by licensed users. They carry out spectrum sensing in order to detect vacant channels that can be used for communication. Even though spectrum sensing is an active area of research, an important issue remains unsolved: the secure authentication of sensing reports. Not providing security enables the input of false data in the system thus empowering false results. This paper presents a distributed protocol based on wireless physical layer security, symmetric cryptography and one-way functions that allows determining a final sensing decision from multiple sources in a quick and secure way, as well as it preserves users¿ privacy.

Visualizing key authenticity: turning your face into your public key

La informació biomètrica s'ha convertit en una tecnologia complementària a la criptografia que permet administrar còmodament les dades criptogràfiques. Són útils dues necessitats importants: en primer lloc, posar aquestes dades sempre a mà i, a més, fent fàcilment identificable el seu legítim propietari. En aquest article es proposa un sistema que integra la signatura biomètrica de reconeixement facial amb un esquema de signatura basat en la identitat, de manera que la cara de l'usuari esdevé la seva clau pública i la ID del sistema. D'aquesta manera, altres usuaris poden verificar els missatges utilitzant fotos del remitent, proporcionant un intercanvi raonable entre la seguretat del sistema i la usabilitat, així com una manera molt més senzilla d'autenticar claus públiques i processos de distribució.

A Secure Cooperative Sensing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio networks sense spectrum occupancyand manage themselves to operate in unused bands without disturbing licensed users. Spectrum sensing is more accurate if jointly performed by several reliable nodes. Even though cooperative sensing is an active area of research, the secureauthentication of local sensing reports remains unsolved, thus empowering false results. This paper presents a distributed protocol based on digital signatures and hash functions, and ananalysis of its security features. The system allows determining a final sensing decision from multiple sources in a quick and secure way.

Gestión de confianza en redes ad hoc

El despliegue de un esquema de confianza es fundamental para poder desarrollar servicios de seguridad que permitan administrar y operar una red. Sin embargo, las soluciones empleadas en las redes tradicionales no se adaptan a un entorno ad hoc debido a la naturaleza dinámica y sin infraestructura de estas redes. En el presente trabajo se propone un esquema de confianza práctico y eficiente basado en una infraestructura de clave pública distribuida, umbral y jerárquica, que no requiere sincronización temporal entre todos los nodos de la red. La autorización de usuarios en el sistema se hace a través de certificados de corta duración que eliminan la necesidad de mantener la publicación y diseminación de unas listas de revocación. Por otro lado, una entidad externa de confianza permite alargar la reputación de un usuario de la red más allá de la existencia de la propia red.

Cervical nerve root synovial sarcoma in a child with chromosomal (X;18) translocation. Case report and review of the literature.

We report on an 11-year-old female with a history of cervicobrachialgia and progressive weakness of the right arm. Cervical spine MRI showed an enhancing heterogeneous intradural mass occupying the right C6-C7 foramen. She underwent a right C6-C7 foraminotomy with a complete macroscopic removal of the lesion. Pathological examination revealed a synovial sarcoma. Treatment was completed by chemotherapy and proton radiotherapy, and the girl remained free of symptoms for 3 years. After appearance of new symptoms, a local recurrence was confirmed, and despite aggressive treatment with salvage chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the disease progressed beyond medical control, and the child died, 6 years after diagnosis. Early recognition of this rare entity compared to its more benign differential diagnosis is crucial, as an aggressive management is needed.

Dépersonnalisation. Données actuelles.

OBJECTIVE: Depersonalization is a fascinating clinical phenomenon referring to a self-consciousness disorder, characterized by emotional detachment from one's own feelings, thoughts, or actions. This article intends to summarize the current literature in this area. METHOD: Using the Medline data base, we reviewed literature addressing the clinical, etiology, nosology, physiopathology, and treatment of depersonalization. CONCLUSIONS: Derealization means that perception of the world and of external reality are altered. These 2 phenomena are often associated. They are not specific to any psychiatric entity and are reported in many different psychiatric syndromes. Many factors, including use of different substances, are involved in their onset. The physiopathology is still little known. However, some conceptual models suggest partial amygdala inhibition combined with activation of other amygdaloid structures. A serotoninergic functioning impairment is indicated in different pharmacologic studies. Different psychotropic drugs, especially serotoninergic antidepressants, have been proposed for pharmacotherapy; however, there are no conclusive randomized studies, and the contribution of psychotherapy in treating these patients is still questioned

La thrombose de varicocèle : une étiologie rare de douleur testiculaire [Varicocele thrombosis: a rare etiology of testicular pain]

Acute testicular pain is frequent in urology. If torsion of the spermatic cord and orchiepididymitis are usual, varicocele thrombosis is an unusual clinical entity we reported.

Causal Warrant for Realism about Particle Physics

While scientific realism generally assumes that successful scientific explanations yield information about reality, realists also have to admit that not all information acquired in this way is equally well warranted. Some versions of scientific realism do this by saying that explanatory posits with which we have established some kind of causal contact are better warranted than those that merely appear in theoretical hypotheses. I first explicate this distinction by considering some general criteria that permit us to distinguish causal warrant from theoretical warrant. I then apply these criteria to a specific case from particle physics, claiming that scientific realism has to incorporate the distinction between causal and theoretical warrant if it is to be an adequate stance in the philosophy of particle physics.

Study of isotopic variations in black powder: reflections on the use of stable isotopes in forensic science for source inference.

Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) has recently made its appearance in the forensic community. This high-precision technology has already been applied to a broad range of forensic fields such as illicit drugs, explosives and flammable liquids, where current, routinely used techniques have limited powers of discrimination. The conclusions drawn from the majority of these IRMS studies appear to be very promising. Used in a comparative process, as in food or drug authentication, the measurement of stable isotope ratios is a new and remarkable analytical tool for the discrimination or the identification of a substance with a definite source or origin. However, the research consists mostly of preliminary studies. The significance of this 'new' piece of information needs to be evaluated in light of a forensic framework to assess the actual potential and validity of IRMS, considering the characteristics of each field. Through the isotopic study of black powder, this paper aims at illustrating the potential of the method and the limitations of current knowledge in stable isotopes when facing forensic problems.

Kiinteistöpalveluiden laatujärjestelmän kehittäminen

Kiinteistöalan haasteeksi on muodostunut laadukkaan palvelun hankkiminen kilpailuilta kiinteistöpalveluiden markkinoilta ja ulkomaisten kiinteistösijoittajien asettamat vaatimukset yhteistyölle. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli määritellä asiakastyytyväisyyttä tukevia elementtejä kiinteistöjohtamisen palveluprosesseihin laatujärjestelmän kehittämisen tueksi ja tutkia kiinteistöpalveluiden sopivuutta rakennusliikkeen palveluntarjontaan. Tutkimuksessa esitettyjä teoreettisia malleja sovellettiin diplomityön empiirisessä osiossa Oka Oy:n kiinteistöpalveluyksikön palveluprosesseihin. Palvelun laadun liittäminen asiakastyytyväisyyden muodostumiseen nousi laatujärjestelmän perustaksi. Kiinteistöpalveluiden laadun parantaminen alkaa alihankkijoiden kilpailutuksen onnistumisesta ja palveluiden tuottamisen aikaisesta laadun valvonnasta. Asiakastyytyväisyyden ylläpitäminen edellyttää säännöllistä ja sisällöllisesti asiakaskohtaisesti räätälöityä raportointia sekä asiakastarpeiden ymmärtämisen kautta tapahtuvaa jälkimarkkinointia. Tutkimuksen perusteella suomalaisten rakennusliikkeiden palvelutarjonta tulee laajentumaan kohti kiinteistön elinkaaren aikaisia palveluja synergiahyötyjen ja asiakkaiden kumppanuudelta vaatimien hyötyjen vuoksi. Vahvana kilpailuetuna tulee olemaan hyväksi havaittujen käytönaikaisten taloteknisten ratkaisujen saattaminen rakentamisen suunnittelun hyödynnettäväksi.

Visual vertigo: an observational case series of eleven patients.

BACKGROUND: Dizziness is a common symptom which is frequently due to either peripheral or central vestibular dysfunction. However, some patients may lack typical signs suggesting a vestibular or cerebellar lesion and they mostly complain of vertigo or posture imbalance induced by visual stimulation. The symptoms immediately improve either on cessation of the visual input or upon closure of the eyes. Such a presentation is typical of visual vertigo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1993 to 2003, 242 patients were examined for either "vertigo" or "dizziness". The diagnosis of visual vertigo was based on both history and clinical examination and was present in 11 patients. RESULTS: Visual vertigo was diagnosed in 11/242 patients (4.5 %). Age range was 31 - 77 years (mean 47 years) with a sex ratio of 8 females for 3 males. Neuro-ophthalmological examination was normal in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Visual vertigo is not a rare condition but the disease is underdiagnosed. The symptoms result from a mismatch between vestibular, proprioceptive and visual inputs. Neuro-ophthalmological, neurological and neuro-otological examination are often normal or not relevant and the diagnosis is largely based on history. It is important to recognize this entity because the symptoms might improve if the patients are treated with psycho-motor rehabilitation.

Prognostic significance of nailfold capillary microscopy in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma-pattern abnormalities. A six-year follow-up study.

The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of scleroderma capillary pattern (SD-pattern) in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Thirty patients with a capillaroscopy examination suggestive of scleroderma (megacapillaries and/or avascularity) but without clinical criteria of scleroderma (ARA criteria) were reevaluated 6 years after the initial clinical and capillaroscopy examinations. SD-pattern abnormalities were classified according to a semiquantitative method. Eight out of the 28 evaluated patients (28%) developed a scleroderma spectrum disorder (SDS). The presence of avascularity and/or a mean of more than two megacapillaries digit greatly enhanced the percentage of evolution toward SDS (70%/88% respectively). Most of the patients with few enlarged capillaries and no capillary rarefaction at entry had primary acrocyanosis (11/15). None of them developed SDS. The microangiopathy disappeared during the follow-up period in most of these patients (14/15). These results confirm the prognostic value of SD-pattern capillary abnormalities for SDS. Primary acrocyanosis, a benign clinical entity should be considered in presence of few megacapillaries and without capillary rarefaction.

Sähköisten reseptien hallinta

Sähköinen reseptijärjestelmä nykyisessä muodossaan sai alkunsa Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön aloitteesta ja Kansaneläkelaitoksen toimesta vuoden 2001 aikana. Käytössä oleva kansallinen reseptipalvelin mahdollistaa potilaiden oikeudet muun muassa apteekin vapaaseen valintaan ja lääkkeiden suorakorvausmenetelmään. Sähköinen resepti pyritään integroimaan olemassa olevien potilasrekisterijärjestelmien yhteyteen, joten semanttisen webin tuomat teknologiat kuten Web-palvelut ja XML-pohjaiset kielet ovat tärkeässä asemassa reseptien hallinnassa. Tässä työssä pyritään esittämään sähköisen reseptijärjestelmän toimintaa ja sen mahdollistavia jo olemassa olevia tekniikoita. Esille tuodaan myös uusia lisäarvoa tuovia tekniikoita, kuten RDF(S)-kuvauskielet, jotka mahdollistavat muun muassa resepteihin kohdistuvat kyselyt ja täten uudet terveyspalvelut sekä potilaille että lääkäreille. Oleellista on tietenkin myös tietoturva, sillä organisaatioiden välillä resepteissä liikkuu arkaluontoisia tietoja. Turvallisuutta pyritään edistämään muun muassa sähköisillä allekirjoituksilla ja älykorttien avulla tapahtuvalla järjestelmään tunnistautumisella. Jotta sähköinen resepti toimisi tulevaisuudessakin halutulla tavalla ja mahdollistaisi lisäarvopalveluita, on siinä panostettava sisällön lisäksi senkuvaamiseen. Sisällön ja sen suhteiden tarkka määrittely auttaa muun muassa reseptikyselyjen tekemisessä, mikä onkin olennainen osa potilasturvallisuuden ylläpitoa. Kuvauskielien ja ontologioiden käyttö voi myös auttaa lääkehoidon määrittämisessä useiden erilaisten ja jatkuvasti lisääntyvien lääkkeiden viidakossa, kun lääkkeitä voidaan etsiä tietokannoista reseptin kirjoituksen yhteydessä.

Cystic lymphangioma of the adrenal gland: report of a case and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Cystic lymphangioma is a rare tumor of the lymphatic vessels that occurs more frequently in women. Location of this pathology can be diverse but most commonly occurs in the neck or axilla. Cystic lymphangioma originating from the adrenal tissue represents a very rare entity. CASE PRESENTATION: We report here the case of a 38-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a cystic retroperitoneal mass. After further investigations, the patient was suspected to have a left adrenal cystic lymphangioma. She underwent successful open left adrenalectomy as curative treatment, and the diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma of the left adrenal gland was confirmed at histology. The postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: This case report and review of the literature bring new insights into the diagnostic difficulty and management of cystic lymphangioma of the adrenal gland.