Factors related to employment among chronically mentally ill patients

A descriptive study of demographic and psychosocial factors believed to be associated with employment was carried out through face-to-face interviews with 417 chronically mentally-ill patients. Subjects had been hospitalized a minimum of two times for psychiatric treatment, had been discharged from at least one of these hospitalizations in the two years prior to the study, and were currently residing within a specific community mental health center catchment area in Texas. The study group ranged in age from 16 to 68 years and over one-half had chart diagnoses of schizophrenia.^ A structured interview was developed which addressed current employment status, length of current employment, job title of current or last job, and detailed work history for the prior five years. Four measures of social support were included in the interview. Each subject was asked to identify one recent work and one recent non-work situation which had been stressful or very demanding. A coping questionnaire was verbally administered to measure the ways in which subjects had coped with these specific stressful situations.^ Analysis of results revealed that 27 percent of the sample was gainfully employed at time of interview. Differences between the employed and unemployed groups were analyzed by t-test an chi square. The employed demonstrated significantly more weeks of employment in the prior five years than the unemployed. The current jobs of the employed required a significantly higher relationship to "things" or inanimate objects than the last jobs of the unemployed. Subjects diagnosed as schizophrenic were significantly less likely to be employed than subjects with other diagnoses.^ Employed subjects scored significantly higher on three of four measures of social support than unemployed subjects, including reported frequency of social group attendance and/or meetings with mental health professionals. Problem-focused coping was used significantly more by the employed than by the unemployed to deal with stressful situations in the work, but not the non-work, context. ^

A case-comparison interview study of brain tumors and employment in occupations with presumed electric and magnetic field exposures

Results from epidemiologic studies suggest that persons working in occupations with presumed electric and magnetic field (EMF) exposures are at increased risk of brain cancer. This study utilized data from a completed, population-based, interview case-control study of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and employment in the petrochemical industry to test the hypothesis that employment in EMF-related occupations increases CNS tumor risk. A total of 375 male residents of the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast Area, age 20 to 79, with primary neuroglial CNS tumors diagnosed during the period 1980-84 were identified. A population-based comparison group of 450 age, race and geographically matched males was selected. Occupational histories and potential risk factor data were collected via personal interviews with study subjects or their next-of-kin.^ Adjusted odds ratios were less than 1.0 for persons ever employed in an electrical occupation (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.40-1.09) or whose usual occupation was electrical (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.33-1.73). Relative risk estimates did not increase significantly as time since first employment or duration of employment increased. Examination of CNS tumor risk by high (OR = 0.80), medium (OR = 0.88) and low (OR = 0.45) exposure categories for persons whose usual occupation was electrical did not indicate a dose-response pattern. In addition, the mean age of exposed cases was not significantly younger than that for unexposed cases. Analysis of risk by probability of exposure to EMFs showed non-significant elevations in the adjusted odds ratio for definite exposed workers defined by their usual occupation (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 0.70-4.51) and ever/never employed status (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.17-4.91).^ These findings suggest that employment in occupations with presumed EMF exposures does not increase CNS tumor risk as was suggested by previous investigations. The results of this study also do not support the EMF-tumor promotion hypothesis. ^

Parental Employment and Home Visiting Program Service Delivery

Home visiting programs, which provide in-home services to disadvantaged families with young children, rest on the assumption that poor parents can be reached at home. Increased levels of maternal employment raise questions about this assumption. In this study, longitudinal data collected for a home visiting program evaluation were analyzed to assess whether employment patterns of parents who receive home visiting services reflect employment patterns of other poor mothers between 1995 and 2000. The study also addresses the relationship between maternal employment and home visiting service intensity. To effectively reach home visiting participants, service providers may need to modify service delivery practices.

Profile in occupational counselling and placement and employment services: social policies axis

This paper presents the gestation of a new model of Occupational Counselling, centred in the joint action of State, Third Sector and Private Organizations. Different programmes are identified which involve the treatment of issues related to Labour, Employment and Education within the framework of objectives of social development, community participation and respect for diversity. The data of the investigation make it possible to establish connections between the tasks, professional profiles and professional training of the counsellors who participate in the different programmes.

Decent employment and subjectivity in the workplace : Notes for an agenda of labor policies in citizenship terms

Retomando los problemas contemporáneos del trabajo en términos de sus actores, se examinan los aspectos en los cuales la psicología de trabajo puede producir contribuciones y reflexiones. El problema del diagnóstico así como el de la comprensión y la elucidación de los límites y alcance que las políticas de empleo implican diseños diferentes para procesos ligados a los aspectos psicosociales del trabajo, que exceden a los determinados desde el punto de vista del empleo decente.

Inversiones en servicios : Nuevas territorialidades en la expansión de call centers en el interior de la Argentina, 2002-2010

En la Argentina, el año 2002 marca el inicio de una serie de transformaciones productivas con fuerte impacto sobre las dinámicas territoriales, a partir de la llegada de inversiones extranjeras directas. Una importante porción de dichas inversiones se orienta a desarrollar actividades de baja jerarquización, en donde la competitividad se obtiene vía la reducción de los costos laborales y el otorgamiento de ventajas impositivas y subsidios hacia las empresas. La significativa expansión de la actividad de los call centers tercerizadores -que, en los últimos años, se localizan masiva y vertiginosamente en las principales ciudades del interior de nuestro país- es la evidencia empírica de este fenómeno. Analizar sus características, junto con una detallada descripción de las interacciones de los organismos estatales y los sectores políticos, sociales y económicos involucrados en la instalación de los call centers, no solo permite observar las transformaciones territoriales -en tanto se insertan nuevas actividades productivas y de empleo- sino que visibiliza mecanismos de cooperación y/o conflicto mediante los cuales los actores nacionales y foráneos posibilitan y modelan la inserción de lo global en lo local, materializando así novedosas lógicas de organización territorial, que representamos bajo el concepto "nuevas territorialidades". A lo largo de todo el trabajo, intentamos que nuestra mirada de estos procesos pueda dar cuenta de las (a)simetrías de poder entre los agentes económicos y actores estatales y extraestatales, en el marco de espacios locales periféricos en una época de globalización

Activity, work and employment: some reflections on a topic under debate

Since ten years ago, it is intensely thought of human work and employment in developed countries as a consequence of the deep changes on the productive system. In this chapter we analyze at first place the concept of work and its evolution, based on recent researches. In second place we review the notions of activity, work and employment and also the definition and measurement of unemployment, which is not a very old notion. The third part is about the work rol in human life and finally we study the different alternatives on activity and specific work contracts, proposals that nowadays replace the notion of "full employment" in France.

Profile in occupational counselling and placement and employment services: social policies axis

This paper presents the gestation of a new model of Occupational Counselling, centred in the joint action of State, Third Sector and Private Organizations. Different programmes are identified which involve the treatment of issues related to Labour, Employment and Education within the framework of objectives of social development, community participation and respect for diversity. The data of the investigation make it possible to establish connections between the tasks, professional profiles and professional training of the counsellors who participate in the different programmes.

Decent employment and subjectivity in the workplace : Notes for an agenda of labor policies in citizenship terms

Retomando los problemas contemporáneos del trabajo en términos de sus actores, se examinan los aspectos en los cuales la psicología de trabajo puede producir contribuciones y reflexiones. El problema del diagnóstico así como el de la comprensión y la elucidación de los límites y alcance que las políticas de empleo implican diseños diferentes para procesos ligados a los aspectos psicosociales del trabajo, que exceden a los determinados desde el punto de vista del empleo decente.

Inversiones en servicios : Nuevas territorialidades en la expansión de call centers en el interior de la Argentina, 2002-2010

En la Argentina, el año 2002 marca el inicio de una serie de transformaciones productivas con fuerte impacto sobre las dinámicas territoriales, a partir de la llegada de inversiones extranjeras directas. Una importante porción de dichas inversiones se orienta a desarrollar actividades de baja jerarquización, en donde la competitividad se obtiene vía la reducción de los costos laborales y el otorgamiento de ventajas impositivas y subsidios hacia las empresas. La significativa expansión de la actividad de los call centers tercerizadores -que, en los últimos años, se localizan masiva y vertiginosamente en las principales ciudades del interior de nuestro país- es la evidencia empírica de este fenómeno. Analizar sus características, junto con una detallada descripción de las interacciones de los organismos estatales y los sectores políticos, sociales y económicos involucrados en la instalación de los call centers, no solo permite observar las transformaciones territoriales -en tanto se insertan nuevas actividades productivas y de empleo- sino que visibiliza mecanismos de cooperación y/o conflicto mediante los cuales los actores nacionales y foráneos posibilitan y modelan la inserción de lo global en lo local, materializando así novedosas lógicas de organización territorial, que representamos bajo el concepto "nuevas territorialidades". A lo largo de todo el trabajo, intentamos que nuestra mirada de estos procesos pueda dar cuenta de las (a)simetrías de poder entre los agentes económicos y actores estatales y extraestatales, en el marco de espacios locales periféricos en una época de globalización

Activity, work and employment: some reflections on a topic under debate

Since ten years ago, it is intensely thought of human work and employment in developed countries as a consequence of the deep changes on the productive system. In this chapter we analyze at first place the concept of work and its evolution, based on recent researches. In second place we review the notions of activity, work and employment and also the definition and measurement of unemployment, which is not a very old notion. The third part is about the work rol in human life and finally we study the different alternatives on activity and specific work contracts, proposals that nowadays replace the notion of "full employment" in France.

Inversiones en servicios : Nuevas territorialidades en la expansión de call centers en el interior de la Argentina, 2002-2010

En la Argentina, el año 2002 marca el inicio de una serie de transformaciones productivas con fuerte impacto sobre las dinámicas territoriales, a partir de la llegada de inversiones extranjeras directas. Una importante porción de dichas inversiones se orienta a desarrollar actividades de baja jerarquización, en donde la competitividad se obtiene vía la reducción de los costos laborales y el otorgamiento de ventajas impositivas y subsidios hacia las empresas. La significativa expansión de la actividad de los call centers tercerizadores -que, en los últimos años, se localizan masiva y vertiginosamente en las principales ciudades del interior de nuestro país- es la evidencia empírica de este fenómeno. Analizar sus características, junto con una detallada descripción de las interacciones de los organismos estatales y los sectores políticos, sociales y económicos involucrados en la instalación de los call centers, no solo permite observar las transformaciones territoriales -en tanto se insertan nuevas actividades productivas y de empleo- sino que visibiliza mecanismos de cooperación y/o conflicto mediante los cuales los actores nacionales y foráneos posibilitan y modelan la inserción de lo global en lo local, materializando así novedosas lógicas de organización territorial, que representamos bajo el concepto "nuevas territorialidades". A lo largo de todo el trabajo, intentamos que nuestra mirada de estos procesos pueda dar cuenta de las (a)simetrías de poder entre los agentes económicos y actores estatales y extraestatales, en el marco de espacios locales periféricos en una época de globalización

Profile in occupational counselling and placement and employment services: social policies axis

This paper presents the gestation of a new model of Occupational Counselling, centred in the joint action of State, Third Sector and Private Organizations. Different programmes are identified which involve the treatment of issues related to Labour, Employment and Education within the framework of objectives of social development, community participation and respect for diversity. The data of the investigation make it possible to establish connections between the tasks, professional profiles and professional training of the counsellors who participate in the different programmes.

Decent employment and subjectivity in the workplace : Notes for an agenda of labor policies in citizenship terms

Retomando los problemas contemporáneos del trabajo en términos de sus actores, se examinan los aspectos en los cuales la psicología de trabajo puede producir contribuciones y reflexiones. El problema del diagnóstico así como el de la comprensión y la elucidación de los límites y alcance que las políticas de empleo implican diseños diferentes para procesos ligados a los aspectos psicosociales del trabajo, que exceden a los determinados desde el punto de vista del empleo decente.

Activity, work and employment: some reflections on a topic under debate

Since ten years ago, it is intensely thought of human work and employment in developed countries as a consequence of the deep changes on the productive system. In this chapter we analyze at first place the concept of work and its evolution, based on recent researches. In second place we review the notions of activity, work and employment and also the definition and measurement of unemployment, which is not a very old notion. The third part is about the work rol in human life and finally we study the different alternatives on activity and specific work contracts, proposals that nowadays replace the notion of "full employment" in France.