Compostos fen��licos de 10 variedades de uva

Phenolic compounds represent one of the main groups of secondary metabolites. Due to their chemical diversity, they have a variety of functions in plants, such as protection against ultraviolet radiation, herbivores and pathogens, and attraction of pollinators or dispersers of fruits and seeds. For human, the phenolic compounds are used like food colorings and flavors and, due to their pharmacological properties, mainly to antioxidant activity, they are associated with several health benefits, such as delay senility, prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases and of some cancers. The grapes are considered one of the main source of phenolic compounds and the fruit and its products are consumed in Brazil and worldwide. Considering the phenolic compounds diversity and their different distribution in the grape parts, this work had like aims the extraction, identification and quantification of the main classes of phenolic compounds of 10 grape varieties. The content of total phenols, flavanols and anthocyanins were determined, respectively, according to the Folin-Ciocalteu, DMACA and comparison of pH spectrophotometric methods. The content of total phenols varied from 142.75 + 1.86 to 483.39 + 5.90 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 86.50 + 0.54 to 146.32 + 9.97 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The amount of total flavanols varied from 3.68 + 0.03 to 6.92 + 0.26 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 0.90 + 0.00 to 1.36 + 0.00 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The content of total anthocyanins varied from 7.00 + 0.99 to 406.56 + 39.50 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 2.88 + 0.28 to 46.36 + 1.89 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The phenolic compounds concentration was higher in the peel than in the pulp. The total phenols and anthocyanins varied a lot while the total flavanols were more constant. The flavanols represent the smaller portion of phenolic compounds

Compostos bioativos em pimentas: diferen��a entre variedades e efeito do cozimento

Atualmente, os compostos bioativos presentes em alimentos in natura vem sendo amplamente estudados, j�� que cada vez mais fica comprovado sua import��ncia para sa��de do homem devido suas fun����es e a����es biol��gicas. Hoje j�� associa-se a ingest��o de frutas e vegetais e a diminui����o do risco de diversas doenças, tais como c��ncer, inflama����es, doenças cardiovasculares, degenera����o macular e outras, sendo os caroten��ides e compostos fen��licos alguns dos grupos de compostos bioativos aos quais s��o atribu��das tais a����es.1As pimentas t��m significativa import��ncia nesse cen��rio, uma vez que desde a ��poca do Brasil col��nia, at�� hoje, s��o muito utilizadas na culin��ria, nas cren��as, na medicina e inclusive com arma de defesa. Os compostos presentes na pimenta s��o utilizados como rem��dios para artrites (pomadas a base de capsaicina), dores musculares (emplastro ���Sabi�����), m�� digest��o, dor de cabe��a e gastrite. O presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os teores de ��cido asc��rbico, acidez, flavon��ides totais, fen��licos totais, caroten��ides totais e atividade antioxidante de duas variedades mais comuns da esp��cie C. Baccatum: pimenta ���Dedo-de-Mo��a��� e pimenta ���Cambuci���. Al��m disso, fez-se um estudo para analisar o efeito do cozimento versus compostos bioativos, a fim de avaliar poss��veis perdas de atividade devido ao processamento das amostras. Em todos os ensaios, a pimenta Dedo-de-Mo��a apresentou valores maiores de todos os compostos bioativos, quando comparados aos da pimenta Cambuci. Ap��s o cozimento em ��gua fervente, a maioria dos compostos sofreu redu����o, exceto nos testes de quantifica����o de Flavon��ides e Caroten��ides, os quais demonstraram aumento na concentra����o ap��s o processamento.

Atualiza����es sobre o uso de ��leo de peixe no tratamento de cardiopatia canina

There are cardiopathies that acometem the dogs, being able this being congenital or acquired and lately have grown the number of cases due to the increase of the life expectancy of these animals becoming each time more necessary prevention methods. In recent years innumerable research is being carried through to understand the influence of the fish oil in the cardiopathies. The fish oil ingestion, Omega 3, has shown beneficial effect in the prevention of cardiovascular illnesses in such a way in the men as in the animals. Such effect this related to the presence of acid greasy polyunsaturateds n-3, mainly acid the eicosapentaen��ico (EPA) and acid the docosahexaen��ico (DHA). These substances can be found in foods as marine cold water fish (salmon, tuna, sardine and Trout), hemp seeds and soy. The present study, therefore, it has as objective to carry through an update on the use of the fish oil in the treatment of cardiopathies in dogs

Compostos bioativos ben��ficos presentes em castanhas e nozes

Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between nuts, including walnuts, intakes and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The nuts contain phenolics compounds and flavonoids and are rich in tocopherol, phytosterols, and squalene. They are sources of carbohydrates, essential fatty acids and minerals. Since walnuts contain high levels of n-3 fatty acids and low unsaturated fatty acids, high levels of vitamin E, pholyphenols, flavonoids, arginine and fiber. The compounds possible beneficial effects are due to their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, which are linked to a reduced risk for developing atherosclerosis and cancer. In recent years, the consumers have been showing an increased interest in nuts and walnuts because of their nutritional qualities and their potential beneficial effects on people���s health This review aims to describe the importance of beneficial bioactive compounds present in nuts and walnuts.

Como estar�� a ingest��o de s��dio ap��s uma sobrecarga de volume combinada ao tratamento com paroxetina?

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is still common in developing countries as secondary of rheumatic fever, and its incidence have increased in senile degenerative form. The AR develops severe myocardial hypertrophy. A common comorbidity associated with cardiovascular disease is depression. Among the most prescribed antidepressants in the world are the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Central serotonergic pathways are involved with the inhibition of sodium intake and can be modify the excretion of this ��on. Therefore, we investigated whether treatment with an antidepressants SSRI, the paroxetine, for four weeks can modfy the behavior of water and NaCl 0,3M intake, excretion of sodium and morphofunctional parameters of rats with AR induce. Wistar rats (280 - 300g) underwent surgery for AR (n=15) or control surgery (n=14). The AR was induced by retrograde puncture of valve leaflets. The animals were divided into 4 groups: AR + paroxetine (n=8), AR + control (n=7), control + paroxetine (n=7), control + control (n=7). From the 4th to the 8th week after inductuin of AR was administered paroxetine (10mg/kg pc) daily and subcutaneously. In the 4th and 8th week after induction of AR echocardiograms were performed to collect data morphofunctional. During the 4 weeks of treatment were analyzed intake of water and saline daily and once a week urine samples were collected for analysis by flame photometer of excretion of sodium and potassium. In the 10th week the animals were submitted to a challenge protocol hidromineral by combining furosemide (10 mg / kg bw) associated with the low dose of Captopril (5 mg / kg bw). During the challenged urine samples were collected for analysis by flame photometer of excretion of sodium and potassium at the time zero and after 2 hours of treatment. As a result we found that treatment with paroxetine in rats with AR determined an improvement in fractional shortening (shortening fraction: 52.7 �� 2.2% vs. RA ...

S��ntese e avalia����o biol��gica de novos derivados anti-inflamat��rios esteroides

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Propriedade antioxidante de compostos fen��licos: import��ncia na dieta e na conserva����o de alimentos

Living organisms are constantly subjected to the action of free radicals, which are one of the causes of oxidation reactions, because they have on free electron, what makes it very reactive. They are products of organism reactions or they are produced by exogenous factors, such as tobacco. Fatty acids are the most vulnerable target, and may suffer lipid peroxidation, what affects the cell structure. Cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diseases of aging are occurrence of these reactions in the organism related. The aliments are also subjected to suffer oxidation reactions, what make them unfit for consumption and decreasing the useful life. Synthetics antioxidants are used as aliments preservatives, but they present some toxicity for the organism. Studies for the utilization of natural antioxidants have gained more importance in recent decades, due to the conservation potential and low toxicity. Phenolics compounds are largely present at the vegetable kingdom and they present high antioxidant potential due to the neutralization and kidnapping of free radicals capacity. These compounds are used by the industry at the aliments conservation, specially the phenolics acids. The consumption of aliments rich in phenolic compounds, such as teas, wines and fruits are low incidence of degenerative diseases related. This study consists in a bibliographic revision that covers these compounds importance in diet and at the food conservation, and the methodologies and difficulties in the extraction process due to variety of molecules of this group.

Antidepressivo modula o comportamento e a express��o g��nica das cadeias de miosina, serca2 e fosfolambam em ratos com insufici��ncia a��rtica?

Introduction: Aortic insufficiency (AoI), a volume overload, is characterized by the diastolic reflux of blood from the regurgitating aorta to the left ventricle. This effect results from malfunctioning aortic cusps. The main cause of AoI in developing countries is rheumatic fever, including Brazil, and valvar degeneration in developed countries. There is a strong association between cardiovascular diseases and depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are one of the most prescribed antidepressants in the world. Previous studies of our laboratory showed that the utilization of a SSRI, paroxetine, improved cardiac function in rats with sub-chronic AoI and reduced the daily ingestion of hypertonic sodium (NaCl 0,3M). Cardiovascular diseases can determine behavior changes like increase of anxiety, and it is yet unknown if AoI would determine anxiety or anhedonia, incapacity of obtaining pleasure through physical or sensorial experiences. A possible target for SSRI action could be a change in the expression of enzyme isoforms that collaborate in the contractile function of the heart muscle, like the heavy chains of myosine, the sarcoplasmatic reticulum Ca2+/ATPase (SERCA) and its regulator protein, phospholamban (PLB). Objectives: Evaluation of behavior parameters for anxiety and anhedonia state and genic expression of a-myosine, b-myosine, SERCA2a and PLB in the heart tissue of rats with subchronic AoI that received treatment with an SSRI (paroxetine) for 4 weeks. Methods: Surgery to induce AoI was performed on male Wistar rats, anxiety was evaluated by the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and state of anhedonia was tested by ingestion of 2% sucrose solution. After euthanasia the heart tissue was collected and total RNA was extracted to be analyzed by the RT-qPCR method. Results: Heart fractional shortening was preserved in rats with AoI that were treated compared to rats with AoI that were not treated. There was no statistically ...

Atividade antioxidante de flavanonas c��tricas em camundongos submetidos a dieta indutora do estado pr��- inflamat��rio

Alimentos ricos em compostos antioxidantes t��m sido difundidos como protetores �� sa��de devido a sua associa����o com a redu����o de fatores de risco para doenças cr��nicas, como o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares, entre outras. Tem sido sugerido que as flavanonas c��tricas apresentam potencial para reduzir o estresse oxidativo em estados de inflama����o cr��nica, como, por exemplo, na obesidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante da hesperidina, eriocitrina e eriodictiol em camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlip��dica, indutora da obesidade. Foram utilizados 50 camundongos C57BL/6J machos divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n=10 cada), sendo: (1) grupo controle, tratado com dieta padr��o; (2) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlip��dica; (3) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlip��dica e hesperidina (100 mg/kg peso); (4) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlip��dica e eriocitrina (200 mg/kg peso); e (5) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlip��dica e eriodictiol (200 mg/kg peso). O estudo teve dura����o de 30 dias e cada grupo recebeu o composto espec��fico juntamente com a dieta, com base na m��dia de ingest��o di��ria e peso corporal. Foram avaliados a glicose, triglicer��deos, colesterol total, HDL-C e LDL-C no soro atrav��s de m��todos enzim��tico-colorim��tricos, a capacidade antioxidante pelo m��todo ABTS, e o estresse oxidativo no soro e f��gado pelo m��todo de TBARS. Os camundongos alimentados com dieta hiperlip��dica tiveram aumento da glicose (20%), colesterol total (36%), LDL-C (55%) e peroxida����o lip��dica hep��tica (44%), quando comparados aos animais controle. O grupo suplementado com hesperidina reduziu 28% LDL-C em rela����o �� dieta hiperlip��dica. Todos os grupos suplementados com flavanonas apresentaram aumento da capacidade antioxidante total no soro (��� 9,3 %), e redu����o do TBARS no f��gado (��� 64%). Al��m disso, os grupos suplementados com eriocitrina e eriodictiol reduziram os n��veis de ...

Capacidade antioxidante do suco de laranja fresco versus pasteurizado no sangue de indiv��duos adultos

O suco de laranja �� um alimento rico em subst��ncias antioxidantes, como os flavonoides c��tricos, vitamina C e carotenoides, que podem reduzir o estresse oxidativo que est�� relacionado �� g��nese das doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes e c��ncer. No entanto, o processamento da laranja para obten����o do suco interfere no tipo e quantidade dos compostos antioxidantes, podendo comprometer as a����es esperadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja, comparando os resultados ap��s a ingest��o aguda do suco de laranja fresco e do suco de laranja pasteurizado comercialmente em indiv��duos adultos saud��veis. Cada volunt��rio foi submetido a dois tratamentos: ingest��o aguda de suco de laranja fresco e, ap��s intervalo de 30 dias, ingest��o aguda de suco de laranja pasteurizado. Nos dois tratamentos foram colhidas amostras de sangue dos indiv��duos antes e ap��s a ingest��o do suco de laranja. O efeito antioxidante total foi mensurado pelo ensaio do radical ABTS+ (2,2'azinobis (3-etilbenzenotiazolina 6-sulf��nico) e pelo ensaio de TBARS (subst��ncias reativas ao ��cido tiobarbit��rico) nas amostras de sangue. Observou-se um aumento de 2,2% na capacidade antioxidante do sangue a partir de 4 horas ap��s a ingest��o do suco de laranja fresco e que se manteve est��vel at�� 24 horas do consumo (p<0.05). J�� com a ingest��o do suco de laranja pasteurizado, a capacidade antioxidante se manteve est��vel e equivalente ao suco de laranja fresco nas primeiras 4 horas, mas aumentou 1,4% ap��s 8 horas, permanecendo neste n��vel at�� as 24 horas seguintes (p<0.05). Ap��s a ingest��o do suco fresco, os n��veis de peroxida����o lip��dica, diminu��ram 27% nas primeiras 4 horas. Por��m, a partir das 8 h retornaram ao valor inicial. Os resultados ap��s o consumo do suco pasteurizado mostraram uma redu����o da peroxida����o lip��dica em 18% a partir das 4 horas e 8 h (p<0.05), e esta redu����o se acentuou (27%) ��s 24 h ...

Qualidade microbiol��gica de peixes e frutos do mar comercializados em Botucatu, SP

O pescado e seus derivados t��m uma grande import��ncia na dieta, em todo o mundo. Sabe-se que peixes e frutos do mar fortalecem o sistema imunol��gico, contribuem para a redu����o dos n��veis de colesterol, diminuem as chances de depress��o, ajudam na forma����o dos m��sculos e protegem contra doenças cardiovasculares. Tamb��m, s��o ricos em vitaminas lipossol��veis A, D e E, al��m do ��mega 3. Muitas vezes, esses produtos s��o consumidos crus ou com pouco preparo e com isso faz-se necess��rio medidas higi��nico- sanit��rias, pois podem ser contaminados com micro-organismos causadores de doenças. A an��lise microbiol��gica dos alimentos para se verificar a presen��a de micro-organismos prejudiciais �� fundamental para se conhecer as condi����es de higiene nas quais estes alimentos foram preparados. Assim, 80 amostras de peixes e frutos do mar de peixarias e supermercados de Botucatu, SP, foram analisadas com o objetivo de verificar se esses alimentos est��o dentro dos padr��es estabelecidos pela legisla����o brasileira, atrav��s da RDC n��12, atrav��s da detec����o da presen��a de Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus e determina����o do n��mero mais prov��vel de coliformes termotolerantes (CT), mesmo que este ��ltimo n��o fa��a parte dos par��metros para esse alimento, mas foi pesquisado para avalia����o de suas condi����es higi��nicas. Cada amostra (25 gramas) foi homogeneizada em 225ml de ��gua peptonada e para a detec����o de S. aureus, utilizou-se m��todo spread Baird Parker, seguida de catalase, coagulase e kit Dry Spot. Para a detec����o de Salmonella, utilizou-se caldo tetrationato (35��C/24h) e Rapapport (42��C/24h), semeados em ��gar SS e XLD. As col��nias foram testadas em TSI, ��gar fenilalanina e testadas em poli soros som��tico e flagelar. Quanto aos CT, empregou-se a t��cnica de tubos m��ltiplos, inoculando dilui����es da amostra em caldo Lauril sulfato, na fase presuntiva e depois em caldo EC (45��C) na fase confirmat��ria. De ...

Desenvolvimento de biossensores capacitivos constitu��dos de monocamadas pept��dicas nanometricamente estruturadas

P��s-gradua����o em Biotecnologia - IQ

Preval��ncia de altera����es sist��micas em pacientes atendidos na disciplina de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofacial do curso de Odontologia da UNIARA

Introduction: pre-operative assessment is of fundamental importance for the prevention of transoperative and of postoperative complications. Objective: to identify the prevalence of diseases and systemic conditions in patients undergoing surgical treatment in the discipline of surgery and Traumatology of University Center of Araraquara, in the period of 2004 to 2009. Material and method: for the development of this study, a survey in medical records of patients was performed and the factors considered included: age, sex, presence of vices, and systemic conditions that affect the world���s population. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively and recorded in a table. Result:�� Considering all patient records analyzed (693), 340 affirmative responses were detected (49,06%) to one or more diseases. Cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent (22,34%). Considering the prevalence of diseases related to age, the age of less than 20 years represented 16,32%; of 20-29 years, 43,06%; 30-39 years, 45,16%; 40-44��years, 48,64%; 45-49 years, 56,25%; 50-54 years, 58,33%; 55-59 years, 57,74%; 60-64 years, 70,37%; 65-69 years, 66,66%; and 70 years or more, 68,75%. Conclusion: diseases and systemic alterations with higher prevalence were cardiovascular diseases, anemia, sinusitis and diabetes. The frequency of affirmative answers to systemic conditions was age-dependent and there was a predominance of females. The tobacco addiction was the most frequent. Thus, it was found that the preoperative assessment of the health of patients who will undergo surgical dental treatment is of fundamental importance.

Outros benef��cios do exerc��cio f��sico para o hipertenso

Aerobic exercise has been suggested as a non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension, and the previous paper of this set demonstrated some of the physiological responses induced by exercise. It has been shown an increment on expenditures for appropriate hypertension management in both, public and private services, which reinforces the inclusion of preventive programs to reduce healthcare costs. However, little is known about physical exercise cost-effectiveness for hypertensive patients. There are several interventions like a simple doctor/dietitian counselling in order to change life style, wed-based nutrition program, pharmacological treatment and assisted or non-assisted physical exercise program that evaluate the costs savings. We have shown that regular exercise (combined or not with another diet counselling and antihypertensive treatment) may effectively contribute to reduce the health care costs (up to -38%). Also, we have shown that exercise improves body composition and lipid profile which are important risk factors to development of cardiovascular disease. So, exercise can lead to significant reduction in blood pressure medication use and, therefore, it causes cost savings, justifying the implementation of exercise programs in all healthcare units.

Express��o das prote��nas envolvidas no tr��nsito de c��lcio mioc��rdico de ratos obesos por dieta hiperlip��dica saturada

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)