Problems in the regulatory policy of the drug market

OBJECTIVE Analyze the implementation of drug price regulation policy by the Drug Market Regulation Chamber.METHODS This is an interview-based study, which was undertaken in 2012, using semi-structured questionnaires with social actors from the pharmaceutical market, the pharmaceuticals industry, consumers and the regulatory agency. In addition, drug prices were compiled based on surveys conducted in the state of Sao Paulo, at the point of sale, between February 2009 and May 2012.RESULTS The mean drug prices charged at the point of sale (pharmacies) were well below the maximum price to the consumer, compared with many drugs sold in Brazil. Between 2009 and 2012, 44 of the 129 prices, corresponding to 99 drugs listed in the database of compiled prices, showed a variation of more than 20.0% in the mean prices at the point of sale and the maximum price to the consumer. In addition, many laboratories have refused to apply the price adequacy coefficient in their sales to government agencies.CONCLUSIONS The regulation implemented by the pharmaceutical market regulator was unable to significantly control prices of marketed drugs, without succeeding to push them to levels lower than those determined by the pharmaceutical industry and failing, therefore, in its objective to promote pharmaceutical support for the public. It is necessary reconstruct the regulatory law to allow market prices to be reduced by the regulator as well as institutional strengthen this government body.

Mobile and web tools for participative learning

Disserta����o apresentada na Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, para a obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Inform��tica

Ubiquitous computing and natural interfaces for environmental information

Disserta����o apresentada na Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Gest��o e Sistemas Ambientais

Density measurements of compressed dipropyl, dibutul, bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipates from (293 to 373K) at pressures up to about 68MPa

The article reports density measurements of dipropyl (DPA), dibutyl (DBA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHA) adipates, using a vibrating U-tube densimeter, model DMA HP, from Anton Paar GmbH. The measurements were performed in the temperature range (293 to 373) K and at pressures up to about 68 MPa, except for DPA for which the upper limits were 363 K and 65 MPa, respectively. The density data for each liquid was correlated with the temperature and pressure using a modified Tait equation. The expanded uncertainty of the present density results is estimated as 0.2% at a 95% confidence level. No literature density data at pressures higher than 0.1 MPa could be found. DEHA literature data at atmospheric pressure agree with the correlation of the present measurements, in the corresponding temperature range, within +/- 0.11%. The isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansion were calculated by differentiation of the modified Tait correlation equation. These two parameters were also calculated for dimethyl adipate (DMA), from density data reported in a previous work. The uncertainties of isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansion are estimated to be less than +/- 1.7% and +/- 1.1%, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. Literature data of isothermal compressibility and isobaric thermal expansivity for DMA have an agreement within +/- 1% and +/- 2.4%, respectively, with results calculated in this work. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design, synthesis and biologival evaluation of novel isoniazid derivatives with potente antitubercular activity

The disturbing emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been driving the scientific community to urgently search for new and efficient antitubercular drugs. Despite the various drugs currently under evaluation, isoniazid is still the key and most effective component in all multi-therapeutic regimens recommended by the WHO. This paper describes the QSAR-oriented design, synthesis and in vitro antitubercular activity of several potent isoniazid derivatives (isonicotinoyl hydrazones and isonicotinoyl hydrazides) against H37Rv and two resistant Mtb strains. QSAR studies entailed RFs and ASNNs classification models, as well as MLR models. Strict validation procedures were used to guarantee the models' robustness and predictive ability. Lipophilicity was shown not to be relevant to explain the activity of these derivatives, whereas shorter N-N distances and lengthy substituents lead to more active compounds. Compounds I, 2, 4, 5 and 6, showed measured activities against H37Rv higher than INH (i.e., MIC <= 0.28 mu M), while compound 9 exhibited a six fold decrease in MIC against the katG (S315T) mutated strain, by comparison with INH (Le., 6.9 vs. 43.8 mu M). All compounds were ineffective against H37Rv(INH) (Delta katG), a strain with a full deletion of the katG gene, thus corroborating the importance of KatG in the activation of INH-based compounds. The most potent compounds were also shown not to be cytotoxic up to a concentration 500 times higher than MIC. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Tris(2-Ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373)K and pressures up to 65MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

No literature data above atmospheric pressure could be found for the viscosity of TOTIVI. As a consequence, the present viscosity results could only be compared upon extrapolation of the vibrating wire data to 0.1 MPa. Independent viscosity measurements were performed, at atmospheric pressure, using an Ubbelohde capillary in order to compare with the vibrating wire results, extrapolated by means of the above mentioned correlation. The two data sets agree within +/- 1%, which is commensurate with the mutual uncertainty of the experimental methods. Comparisons of the literature data obtained at atmospheric pressure with the present extrapolated vibrating-wire viscosity measurements have shown an agreement within +/- 2% for temperatures up to 339 K and within +/- 3.3% for temperatures up to 368 K. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tris(2-Ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part II: density measurements at temperatures from (293 to 373)K and pressures up to 85MPa

In Part I of the present work we describe the viscosity measurements performed on tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate or 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester (TOTM) up to 65 MPa and at six temperatures from (303 to 373)K, using a new vibrating-wire instrument. The main aim is to contribute to the proposal of that liquid as a potential reference fluid for high viscosity, high pressure and high temperature. The present Part II is dedicated to report the density measurements of TOTM necessary, not only to compute the viscosity data presented in Part I, but also as complementary data for the mentioned proposal. The present density measurements were obtained using a vibrating U-tube densimeter, model DMA HP, using model DMA5000 as a reading unit, both instruments from Anton Paar GmbH. The measurements were performed along five isotherms from (293 to 373)K and at eleven different pressures up to 68 MPa. As far as the authors are aware, the viscosity and density results are the first, above atmospheric pressure, to be published for TOTM. Due to TOTM's high viscosity, its density data were corrected for the viscosity effect on the U-tube density measurements. This effect was estimated using two Newtonian viscosity standard liquids, 20 AW and 200 GW. The density data were correlated with temperature and pressure using a modified Tait equation. The expanded uncertainty of the present density results is estimated as +/- 0.2% at a 95% confidence level. Those results were correlated with temperature and pressure by a modified Tait equation, with deviations within +/- 0.25%. Furthermore, the isothermal compressibility, K-T, and the isobaric thermal expansivity, alpha(p), were obtained by derivation of the modified Tait equation used for correlating the density data. The corresponding uncertainties, at a 95% confidence level, are estimated to be less than +/- 1.5% and +/- 1.2%, respectively. No isobaric thermal expansivity and isothermal compressibility for TOTM were found in the literature. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Compara����o do efeito da t��cnica de facilita����o neuromuscular proprioceptiva com a t��cnica de m��sculo energia no alongamento muscular dos isquiotibiais a curto prazo

Introdu����o: A aplica����o das t��cnicas de Contrair-Relaxar com Contrac����o do Antagonista (CRCA) e de M��sculo Energia (TME) promovem um aumento da flexibilidade muscular, contudo poucos estudos comparam a efic��cia de ambas. Apresentam aspectos comuns como a contrac����o pr��via do m��sculo a alongar sendo esta m��xima na CRCA e uma percentagem da m��xima na TME. Contudo, alguma evid��ncia sugere que n��o existe correspond��ncia entre a for��a produzida e a desejada pelo que este aspecto da TME carece de explica����o. Objectivos: Confirmar se a t��cnica CRCA e a TME s��o efectivas no alongamento muscular dos isquiotibiais a curto prazo, caso sejam determinar qual a mais efectiva. Pretende-se ainda avaliar se a percep����o ao esfor��o durante a aplica����o da TME corresponde �� for��a efectivamente realizada. M��todos: Efectuou-se um estudo experimental com 45 volunt��rios distribu��dos aleatoriamente pelos grupos CRCA, TME e Controlo. Avaliou-se a amplitude articular passiva de extens��o do joelho antes e depois de aplicar as t��cnicas, utilizando um goni��metro. Nos participantes submetidos �� TME avaliou-se a percep����o ao esfor��o, solicitando uma contrac����o subm��xima isom��trica de 40% medida atrav��s do dinam��metro de m��o. Resultados: Verificou-se um efeito das t��cnicas entre as avalia����es (Teste ANOVA medidas repetidas factor tempo: p<0,001) e entre os grupos (tempo*grupo: p<0,001). Comparando os grupos dois a dois, verificaram-se diferen��as entre o grupo CRCA e o grupo Controlo (Teste Post Hoc Games-Howell: p=0,001) e entre o grupo TME e o grupo Controlo (p=0,009), n��o existindo diferen��as entre os grupos CRCA e TME (p=0,376). Os grupos CRCA e TME obtiveram um ganho de 10,7�� e de 11,4�� respectivamente, n��o havendo diferen��as significativas entre os ganhos (Teste T-Student Independente: p=0,599). Existiram diferen��as significativas entre os 40% CMVI produzida e desejada (Teste Wilcoxon: p=0,018). Conclus��o: Ambas foram efectivas no aumento da flexibilidade muscular dos isquiotibiais a curto prazo. Os efeitos foram compar��veis, mas dada a menor complexidade e menor solicita����o a TME foi considerada mais eficiente. A percep����o ao esfor��o durante a aplica����o da TME n��o correspondeu ao esfor��o desejado, existindo uma tend��ncia para a produ����o de intensidades de contrac����es maiores.

A preserva����o da arte ef��mera de Alberto Carneiro com aplica����o ao caso de ��rvore jogo/l��dico em sete imagens espelhadas

Disserta����o apresentada na Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obten����o do grau de mestre em Conserva����o e Restauro

Caracteriza����o de filmes negros em pedras gran��ticas: o caso de estudo da Igreja da Vener��vel Ordem Terceira de S��o Francisco

Disserta����o apresentada na Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obten����o do grau de Mestre em Conserva����o e Restauro

Avalia����o da efic��cia de tratamentos convencionais e aplica����es alternativas para prevenir a biodeteriora����o em patrim��nio cultural

Disserta����o de Mestrado em Conserva����o e Restauro.��rea de especializa����o: Pedra

Diversidade gen��tica do v��rus da Hepatite C circulante numa popula����o de utilizadores de drogas inject��veis de Lisboa

Disserta����o apresentada para a obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Gen��tica Molecular e Biomedicina, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia

A aplica����o dos mercados de previs��o no sector energ��tico - o caso de estudo da EDP

Disserta����o apresentada �� Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gest��o Industrial

Infec����o pulmonar fatal por Lagochilascaris sp., provavelmente Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909

�� descrito um caso fatal de infec����o por Lagochilascaris sp., �� provavelmente Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909 ��, com localiza����o pulmonar. O paciente, do sexo feminino, oriundo de Curralinho-Estado do Par��, desenvolveu uma pneumonite grave, que lhe acarretou a morte, por insufici��ncia respirat��ria, em pouco menos de tr��s meses. �� aut��psia, numerosas les��es de natureza exsudativa e granulomatosa podiam ser vistas em ambos os pulm��es, indicando tuberculose ou infec����o mic��tica pulmonar. Todavia, quando se procedeu ao exame microsc��pico, ovos, larvas e at�� uma f��mea gr��vida do verme foram encontrados nos tecidos, como causa da doen��a �� sempre no interior de granulomas ou de extensas ��reas de necrose. Em quase todos os casos, at�� agora conhecidos, de lagoquilascar��ase humana �� cerca de 25 ��, o parasito se localizava nos tecidos do pesco��o, nos seios da face ou sobre a ap��fise mast��ide. Neste caso, pela primeira vez, um representante do g��nero Lagochilascaris �� referido em s��tio bem distinto do habitual, no hospedeiro humano. O achado, por outro lado, dos diferentes est��dios evolutivos do helminto, dispersos pelo par��nquima pulmonar, al��m de mostrar a natureza err��tica do parasitismo, sugere fortemente a exist��ncia de um ciclo pulmonar na lagoquilascar��ase humana.

Brincadeiras entre as crian��as no jardim de inf��ncia

Relat��rio da Pr��tica Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educa����o Pr��-Escolar