Dependable wireless real-time communications for open environments

Wireless communication technologies have become widely adopted, appearing in heterogeneous applications ranging from tracking victims, responders and equipments in disaster scenarios to machine health monitoring in networked manufacturing systems. Very often, applications demand a strictly bounded timing response, which, in distributed systems, is generally highly dependent on the performance of the underlying communication technology. These systems are said to have real-time timeliness requirements since data communication must be conducted within predefined temporal bounds, whose unfulfillment may compromise the correct behavior of the system and cause economic losses or endanger human lives. The potential adoption of wireless technologies for an increasingly broad range of application scenarios has made the operational requirements more complex and heterogeneous than before for wired technologies. On par with this trend, there is an increasing demand for the provision of cost-effective distributed systems with improved deployment, maintenance and adaptation features. These systems tend to require operational flexibility, which can only be ensured if the underlying communication technology provides both time and event triggered data transmission services while supporting on-line, on-the-fly parameter modification. Generally, wireless enabled applications have deployment requirements that can only be addressed through the use of batteries and/or energy harvesting mechanisms for power supply. These applications usually have stringent autonomy requirements and demand a small form factor, which hinders the use of large batteries. As the communication support may represent a significant part of the energy requirements of a station, the use of power-hungry technologies is not adequate. Hence, in such applications, low-range technologies have been widely adopted. In fact, although low range technologies provide smaller data rates, they spend just a fraction of the energy of their higher-power counterparts. The timeliness requirements of data communications, in general, can be met by ensuring the availability of the medium for any station initiating a transmission. In controlled (close) environments this can be guaranteed, as there is a strict regulation of which stations are installed in the area and for which purpose. Nevertheless, in open environments, this is hard to control because no a priori abstract knowledge is available of which stations and technologies may contend for the medium at any given instant. Hence, the support of wireless real-time communications in unmanaged scenarios is a highly challenging task. Wireless low-power technologies have been the focus of a large research effort, for example, in the Wireless Sensor Network domain. Although bringing extended autonomy to battery powered stations, such technologies are known to be negatively influenced by similar technologies contending for the medium and, especially, by technologies using higher power transmissions over the same frequency bands. A frequency band that is becoming increasingly crowded with competing technologies is the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical band, encompassing, for example, Bluetooth and ZigBee, two lowpower communication standards which are the base of several real-time protocols. Although these technologies employ mechanisms to improve their coexistence, they are still vulnerable to transmissions from uncoordinated stations with similar technologies or to higher power technologies such as Wi- Fi, which hinders the support of wireless dependable real-time communications in open environments. The Wireless Flexible Time-Triggered Protocol (WFTT) is a master/multi-slave protocol that builds on the flexibility and timeliness provided by the FTT paradigm and on the deterministic medium capture and maintenance provided by the bandjacking technique. This dissertation presents the WFTT protocol and argues that it allows supporting wireless real-time communication services with high dependability requirements in open environments where multiple contention-based technologies may dispute the medium access. Besides, it claims that it is feasible to provide flexible and timely wireless communications at the same time in open environments. The WFTT protocol was inspired on the FTT paradigm, from which higher layer services such as, for example, admission control has been ported. After realizing that bandjacking was an effective technique to ensure the medium access and maintenance in open environments crowded with contention-based communication technologies, it was recognized that the mechanism could be used to devise a wireless medium access protocol that could bring the features offered by the FTT paradigm to the wireless domain. The performance of the WFTT protocol is reported in this dissertation with a description of the implemented devices, the test-bed and a discussion of the obtained results.

Plan de Desarrollo Institucional para la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM 2005-2009

Al asumir la dirección de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, el 27 de febrero de 2001, la tarea más urgente que tenía que impulsar era la reconstitución de los vínculos comunitarios, entre profesores, alumnos, trabajadores y autoridades, a fin de establecer un ethos universitario que permitiese reanimar la vida académica de la Facultad en todas sus expresiones y niveles, acorde con la tradición humanista que la ha caracterizado durante cuatro siglos y medio. Para ello se hacía indispensable fortalecer y ampliar la participación de los diferentes sectores de la Facultad en los órganos colegiados y en las actividades académicas. Con este fin propuse al Consejo Técnico la reconstitución de los Comités Académicos de carrera, a través de la elección de representantes de profesores y alumnos. Estos órganos de representación académica han servido para promover la comunicación de alumnos y profesores de cada colegio, organizar eventos académicos relevantes, analizar y opinar sobre la plantilla de contrataciones y resolver por medio del diálogo los conflictos que en ocasiones ocurren entre profesores y alumnos.

On-line diagnostics of transformer winding insulation failures, by Park`s vector approach

This paper presents a non-invasive approach for diagnosing winding insulation failures in three-phase transformers, which is based on the on-line monitoring of the primary and secondary current Park's Vector. Experimental and simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, for detecting winding inter-turn insulation faults in operating three-phase transformers.

Incipient turn-to-turn winding fault diagnosis of power transformers by the on-load exciting current Extended Park`s Vector Approach

This paper presents the application of the on-load exciting current Extended Park's Vector Approach for diagnosing incipient turn-to-turn winding faults in operating power transformers. Experimental and simulated test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, which is based on the spectral analysis of the AC component of the on-load exciting current Park's Vector modulus.

Transformers on-load exciting current Park`s vector approach as a tool for winding faults diagnostics

This paper presents the development of a new approach for diagnosing the occurrence of inter-turn short-circuits in the windings of three-phase transformers, which is based on the on-line monitoring of the on-load exciting current Park's Vector patterns. Experimental and simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique for detecting winding inter-turn insulation faults in operating three-phase transformers.

Diagnóstico de avarias em transformadores trifásicos em serviço através da análise do Vector de Park das correntes de excitação em carga

Devido ao seu custo e importância estratégica, os transformadores de potência constituem um componente vital dos sistemas de produção, transmissão e distribuição de energia eléctrica. A sua fiabilidade constitui assim um factor crucial no funcionamento dos sistemas eléctricos de energia. Não admira, pois, que sobre estes equipamentos recaiam grandes preocupações relativamente à sua manutenção e, consequentemente, ao desenvolvimento de métodos capazes de fornecerem um diagnóstico completo e fiável do seu estado de funcionamento. Para o efeito, torna-se porém indispensável possuir um conhecimento detalhado acerca das avarias susceptíveis de ocorrerem nos transformadores, bem como dos mecanismos específicos que lhe estão subjacentes.

Parameters determination for the coupled electromagnetic transformer model, with particular reference to winding faults studies

In the past few years, a considerable research effort has been devoted to the development of transformer digital models in order to simulate its behaviour under transient and abnormal operating conditions. Although many three-phase transformer models have been presented in the literature, there is a surprisingly lack of studies regarding the incorporation of winding faults. This paper presents a coupled electromagnetic transformer model for the study of winding inter-turn short-circuits. Particular attention will be given to the model parameters determination, for both healthy and faulty operating conditions. Experimental and simulation test results are presented in the paper, demonstrating the adequacy of the model as well as the methodologies for the parameters determination.

Three-phase, three-limb, steady-state transformer model

This paper presents the development and implementation of a digital simulation model of a threephase, three-leg, three-winding power transformer. The proposed model, implemented in MATLAB environment, is based on the simultaneous analysis of both magnetic and electric lumped-parameters equivalents circuits, and it is intended to study its adequacy to incorporate, at a later stage, the influences of the occurrence of windings interturn short-circuit faults. Both simulation and laboratory tests results, obtained so far, for a three-phase, 6 kVA transformer, demonstrate the adequacy of the model under normal operating conditions.

Detection of trasformer intermittent winding faults by the on-load exciting current Park`s vector approach

This paper presents the application of the on-load exciting current Park's Vector Approach for diagnosing permanent and intermittent turn-to-turn winding faults in operating power transformers. First, an experimental investigation of the behaviour of the transformer under the occurrence of both permanent and intermittent winding faults is presented. Finally, experimental test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic technique, which is based on the on-line monitoring of the on-load exciting current Park's Vector patterns.

Modelling and simulation of three-phase power transformers

This paper presents the development and implementation of a digital simulation model of a three-phase, three-leg, power transformer. The proposed model, implemented in MATLAB environment, is based on the physical concept of representing windings as mutually coupled coils, and it is intended to study its adequacy to incorporate, at a later stage, the influences of the occurrence of windings inter- turn short-circuits. Both simulation and laboratory tests results, obtained so far, for a three-phase, 6 kVA transformer, demonstrate the adequacy of the model under normal operating conditions.

Condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers

This paper addresses the subject of condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers. The main results of two reliability surveys, carried out under the auspices of CIGRE and IEEE in order to assemble objective data on the performance of transformers in service, are presented, providing useful information on the main causes of transformer failures, the most likely affected components and the related outages times. A survey of the most important methods, actually in use, for condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers is also given, which stresses the need for the development of new diagnostic methods, that can be applied without taking the transformers out of service, and that can also provide a fault severity criteria, in particular for determining transformers windings integrity. Preliminary results, concerning the on-going research activity on the development of a new approach for inter-turn winding fault diagnosis in three-phase transformers, are also reported in the paper.

Ante-projecto de uma unidade de tratamento de águas residuais oleosas, no porto de Cádis

Dissertação de mest., Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

Comportamento do motor linear de indução para aplicações em médias e altas velocidades

Dissertação de mest., Engenharia Eléctrica e Electrónica (Sistemas de Energia e Controlo), Univ. do Algarve, 2010

Cécile Gagnon une pionnière méconnue en littérature de jeunesse

Ce mémoire fait découvrir Cécile Gagnon en traçant, dans le chapitre 1, un portrait détaillé des différents volets de sa carrière. D'abord illustratrice, Gagnon commence sa carrière d'écrivaine, dès 1961, en publiant son premier album, aux éditions du Pélican. Jusqu' à maintenant, Gagnon a publié 135 titres, dans 28 maisons d'édition, soit 97 titres au Québec et 38 livres en Europe. En plus de sa carrière d'illustratrice et d'écrivaine, Cécile Gagnon oeuvre aux comités de direction des revues Passe-Partout (1978-1979 et 1985) et Coulicou (1983-1988). Le deuxième chapitre met en relief ses actions et ses gestes posés à titre de pionnière dans le domaine des lettres. Nous identifions, dans le dernier chapitre, les raisons pour lesquelles Cécile Gagnon demeure méconnue du grand public. Tout d'abord, la littérature de jeunesse, au Québec, est considérée comme une paralittérature par rapport à la littérature générale. De plus, 60% des oeuvres de Gagnon ont été publiées par des maisons d'édition dites économiques, selon les axes d'Ignace Cau, qui privilégient la production de masse."--Résumé abrégé par UMI

Les pratiques de gouvernance de commissions scolaires du Québec

Le système d'éducation public québécois actuel est marqué par la complexité de son fonctionnement multijoueurs amplifiée par un accroissement des prescriptions législatives en matière de gouvernance et de procédures participatives. Devant ce constat, l'objectif de cette thèse est de décrire et de comprendre, à partir de l'analyse de pratiques d'acteurs, le fonctionnement réel de la gouvernance de deux commissions scolaires (CS) québécoises en regard de ce qui est prescrit par la Loi. Utilisant une approche qualitative, notre recherche repose sur une étude de cas dans laquelle trois dossiers sont étudiés pour chacune des organisations. L' analyse est menée à partir des concepts propres aux approches théoriques de l'analyse stratégique et du néoinstitutionnalisme. Nous concluons de cette étude de pratiques de gouvernance que les dossiers étudiés sont menés conformément aux prescriptions législatives, voire que ces pratiques vont souvent au-delà des exigences législatives, notamment quant aux procédures de participation. Dans les CS étudiés, les processus de gouvernance mis en oeuvre s'appuient généralement sur un porteur de dossier et des comités de travail regroupant des représentants-relais de plusieurs acteurs concernés. Ce fonctionnement est observé au sein des deux organisations, et ce, même si les modes de coopération présentent des différences notables. Au niveau des acteurs, dans les deux cas étudiés, les cadres de la CS et le Conseil des commissaires sont perçus comme étant très influents sur le déroulement des dossiers. L'influence des autres acteurs, tels que les parents, les représentants de la communauté et les acteurs associés aux établissements, est perçue comme étant variable selon les organisations et selon les dossiers. Les perceptions quant à la marge de manoeuvre et aux capacités d'influence des acteurs, l'intérêt porté au dossier et la personnalité des individus impliqués s'avèrent des facteurs marquants quant à cette inégalité.