Formation and Structure of Composite Coating of HAD and Micro-Plasma Oxidation on A3 Steel

Composite coatings were obtained on A3 steel by hot dipping aluminum(HAD) at 720 degreesC for 6 min and micro-plasma oxidation (MPO) in alkali electrolyte. The surface morphology, element distribution and interface structure of composite coatings were studied by means of XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the composite coatings obtained through HAD/MPO on A3 steel consist of four layers. From the surface to the substrate, the layer is loose Al2O3 ceramic, compact Al2O3 ceramic, At and FeAl intermetallic compound layer in turn. The adhesions among all the layers are strengthened because the ceramic layer formed at the At surface originally, FeAl intermetallic compound layer and substrate are combined in metallurgical form through mutual diffusion during HAD process. Initial experiment results disclose that the anti-corrosion performance and wear resistance of composite coating are obviously improved through HAD/MPO treatment.

Characteristics of an AC Three-Phase GlidArc Plasma Generator

<div>A gliding arc discharge &nbsp;plasma and its characteristics are</div><div>described. Analysis on the production principle of the plasma is presented.&nbsp;</div><div>Some experimental results about two &nbsp;novel types &nbsp;of the gliding arc plasma generator were obtained. These types of gliding arc plasma are potentially used&nbsp;in chemical industry and environment engineering.</div>

Characteristics of Laminar and Turbulent Argon Plasma Jets Impinging Normally Upon a Workpiece in Ambient Air

Modeling results are presented concerning the characteristicsoflaminar and turbulentargonplasmajetsimpingingnormally upon a flat plate (workpiece) in ambient air. It is found that the presence of the flat plate significantly enhances the entrainment rate of ambient air into the jets and affects on the flow and temperature fields in the near-plate region of the jets. At comparatively large distances between the plate and the jet inlet, the axial gradients of the plasma parameters in the laminarplasmaimpinging-jets assume values much less than those in the turbulentplasmaimpinging-jets.

Distribution of Temperature in GlidArc Discharge Plasma

The GlidArc discharge is one of the main generation methods of non-equilibrium plasma near atmospheric pressures. In general, Gliding Arc discharge is driven by gas flow [1] in axial direction or by magnetic field in circumferential direction. [2] In this paper, a GlidArc discharge driven by rotating-gas-flow in circumferential direction is presented. The principle of the plasma generator is analyzed. The distribution of the temperature in axial direction is measured by a digital thermometer for three different gases. The experimental set-up of the GlidArc plasma is shown in Fig.1. It consists of a center electrode, an outside electrode, a power supply and a gas supply. The shortest distance between the electrodes is 2-3 mm. When a power supply with 10000 volts is attached to the electrodes, the arc will be ignited at the shortest distance. The small plasma column is rotated by the rotating gas flow in circumferential direction and then the rotating arc is driven towards the exit of the setup by the gas flow.

Modeling of a Laminar DC Arc Plasma Torch

In recent years, stable and long laminarplasma jets have been successfully generated, and thus it is possible to achieve low-noise working surroundings, better process repeatability and controllability, and reduced metal-oxidation degree in plasma materials processing. With such a recent development in thermal plasma science and technology as the main research background, modeling studies are performed concerning the DCarcplasmatorch for generating the long laminar argon plasma jet. Two different two-dimensional modeling approaches are employed to deal with the arc-root attachment at the anode surface. The first approach is based on circumferentially uniform arc-root attachment, while the second uses the so-called fictitious anode method. Modeling results show that the highest temperature and maximum axial-velocity at the plasmatorch exit are ～15000 K and ～1100 m/s, respectively, for the case with arc current of 160 A and argon flow rate of 1.95&times;10{sup}(-4)kg/s.

What Do We Know about Long Laminar Plasma Jets?

Silent and stable long laminar plasma jets can be generated in a rather wide range of working parameters. The laminar flow state can be maintained even if considerable parameter fluctuations exist in the laminar plasma jet or if there is an impact of laterally injected particulate matter and its carrier gas. The attractive special features of laminar plasma jets include extremely low noise level, less entrainment of ambient air, much longer and adjustable high-temperature region length, and smaller axial gradient of plasma parameters. Modeling results show that the laminar plasma jet length increases with increasing jet inlet velocity or temperature and the effect of natural convection on laminar plasma jet characteristics can be ignored, consistent with experimental observations. The large difference between laminar and turbulent plasma jet characteristics is revealed to be due to their different laws of surrounding gas entrainment. Besides the promising applications of the laminar plasma jet to remelting and cladding strengthening of the metallic surface and to thermal barrier coating preparation, it is expected that the laminar plasma jet can become a rather ideal object for the basic studies of thermal plasma science owing to the nonexistence of the complexity caused by turbulence.

Modeling Study of Shrouding Gas Effects on a Laminar Argon Plasma Jet Impinging Upon a Flat Substrate in Air Surroundings

With the laminar plasma materials processing as the research background, modeling study is conducted concerning the effects of argon shroud on the characteristics of the laminar argon plasma jet impinging normally upon a flat substrate located in air surroundings. It is shown that adding shrouding gas is an effective method to reduce and control the entrainment of ambient air into the laminar plasma jet. The shrouding gas flow rate or velocity, the injection slot width and the stand-off distance of the substrate appreciably affect the air contents in the plasma near the substrate surface.

Destruction of Chemical Agents in a Plasma Reactor with Working Gas of Hydrogen

<div class="s1listtd6r" style="width: 700px; float: left; min-height: 18px; height: auto; display: table; padding: 3px 1px; font-family: Simsun"><span style="color: red">In</span> this paper, an AC <span style="color: red">plasma</span> arc <span style="color: red">reactor</span><span style="color: red">with</span><span style="color: red">working</span><span style="color: red">gas</span><span style="color: red">of</span><span style="color: red">hydrogen</span> is applied to destruct <span style="color: red">chemical</span><span style="color: red">agents</span>. The temperature attains 6000℃ <span style="color: red">in</span> the arc area and over 2000℃ <span style="color: red">in</span> the other space <span style="color: red">of</span> the crucible. The Arsenic (As) contained <span style="color: red">chemical</span> agent -Adams (DM) used <span style="color: red">in</span> the experiment, was added into the <span style="color: red">plasma</span><span style="color: red">reactor</span><span style="color: red">with</span> the additives: Fe, CaO, and SiO_2, etc. Pyrolysis and <span style="color: red">destruction</span><span style="color: red">of</span><span style="color: red">chemical</span><span style="color: red">agents</span> occurs very quickly <span style="color: red">in</span> the high-temperature <span style="color: red">reactor</span>. Gaseous <span style="color: red">hydrogen</span> was injected into the <span style="color: red">reactor</span> to form <span style="color: red">a</span> reductive environment, to reduce the formation <span style="color: red">of</span> As_2O_3 etc. <span style="color: red">In</span> the bottom <span style="color: red">of</span> the crucible, the solid residues <span style="color: red">of</span> toxicant and additives were melted and formed as vitrified slag. The off-<span style="color: red">gas</span> was treated by <span style="color: red">a</span> wet scrubber. The amounts <span style="color: red">of</span> arsenic distributed <span style="color: red">in</span> the off-<span style="color: red">gas</span>, vitrified slag, waste water and solids (soot) were measured. The result shows DM is completely destructed <span style="color: red">in</span> the <span style="color: red">plasma</span><span style="color: red">reactor</span>. The Arsenic content <span style="color: red">in</span> the off-<span style="color: red">gas</span>, vitrified slag, waste water and soot are 0.052 mg/l, 3.0%, 10.44 mg/l, and 5.1% respectively, which will be disposed as the pollutant matters. The results show that the <span style="color: red">plasma</span> technology is an environmentally friendly technology to destruct chemicals.</div>