Pollen profiles from a Late Palaeolithic site in the community of Bad Buchau-Kappel, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany

Excavations were carried out in a Late Palaeolithic site in the community of Bad Buchau-Kappel between 2003 and 2007. Archaeological investigations covered a total of more than 200 m**2. This site is the product of what likely were multiple occupations that occurred during the Late Glacial on the Federsee shore in this location. The site is situated on a mineral ridge that projected into the former Late Glacial lake Federsee. This beach ridge consists of deposits of fine to coarse gravel and sand and was surrounded by open water, except for a connection to the solid shore on the south. A lagoon lay between the hook-shaped ridge and the shore of the Federsee. This exposed location provided optimal access to the water of the lake. In addition, the small lagoon may have served as a natural harbor for landing boats or canoes. Sedimentological and palynological investigations document the dynamic history of the location between 14,500 and 11,600 years before present (cal BP). Evidence of the deposition of sands, gravels and muds since the Bølling Interstadial is provided by stratigraphic and palynological analyses. The major occupation occurred in the second half of the Younger Dryas period. Most of the finds were located on or in the sediments of the ridge; fewer finds occurred in the surrounding mud, which was also deposited during the Younger Dryas. Direct dates on some bone fragments, however, demonstrate that intermittent sporadic occupations also took place during the two millennia of the Meiendorf, Bølling, and Allerød Interstadials. These bones were reworked during the Younger Dryas and redeposited in the mud. A 14C date from one bone of 11,600 years ago (cal BP) places the Late Palaeolithic occupation of the ridge at the very end of the Younger Dryas, which is in agreement with stratigraphic observations. Stone artifacts, numbering 3,281, comprise the majority of finds from the site. These include typical artifacts of the Late Palaeolithic, such as backed points, short scrapers, and small burins. There are no bipointes or Malaurie-Points, which is in accord with the absolute date of the occupation. A majority of the artifacts are made from a brown chert that is obtainable a few kilometers north of the site in sediments of the Graupensandrinne. Other raw materials include red and green radiolarite that occur in the fluvioglacial gravels of Oberschwaben, as well as quartzite and lydite. The only non-local material present is a few artifacts of tabular chert from the region near Kelheim in Bavaria. A unique find consists of two fragments of a double-barbed harpoon made of red deer antler, which was found in the Younger Dryas mud. It is likely, but not certain, that this find belongs to the same assemblage as the numerous stone artifacts. Although not numerous, animal bones were also found in the excavations. Most of them lay in sediments of the Younger Dryas, but several 14C dates place some of these bones in earlier periods, including the Meiendorf, Bølling, and Allerød Interstadials. These bones were reworked by water and redeposited in mud sediments during the Younger Dryas. As a result, it is difficult to attribute individual bones to particular chronological positions without exact dates. Species that could be identified include wild horse (Equus spec.), moose or elk (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), aurochs or bison (Bos spec.), wild boar (Sus scrofa), as well as birds and fish, including pike (Esox Lucius).

Memoria anual del establecimiento de baños y aguas minero-termo-medicinales de Cortegada en la provincia de Orense, por su medico director en la temporada de mil ochocientos sesenta y cuatro /

Antigua Signatura Ca 2787(16)

Memoria anual del Establecimiento de Baños y aguas mínero-medicinales de Cortegada en la provincia de Orense, por su Médico Director, en la temporada de mil ochocientos sesenta y tres /

Antigua Signatura Ca 2785(2)

Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de ultramar /

Contiene: Tomo 1, A-AL. Tomo 2, AL-ARZ. Tomo 3, ARR-BAR. Tomo 4 BAR-BUZ. Tomo 5, CAA-CAR. Tomo 6, CAS-COR. Tomo 7, COR-EZT. Tomo 8, FAB-GUA. Tomo 9, GUA-JUZ. Tomo 10, LAB-MAD. Tomo 11, MAD-MUZ. Tomo 12, NAB-PEZ. Tomo 13, PIA-SAZ, Tomo 14, SEA-TOL. Tomo 15, TOL-VET. Tomo 16, VIA-ZUZ.

Gestión del riego en las llanuras argentinas. Poderes locales y provinciales en perspectiva comparada : Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y 1915

La vinculación productiva de los diferentes espacios agrícolas regionales argentinos al mercado mundial, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, fue llevada adelante mediante diferentes políticas públicas en torno a la propiedad de los bienes, la gestión del territorio y los recursos. Y cada una de estas políticas impactaron en la relación entre las comunidades locales y los poderes provinciales. ;Con respecto a la gestión de los recursos hídricos, un tema aún poco abordado por la historiografía concentrada en las grandes llanuras, en este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar los modos en que fue cambiando el uso del agua para beneficiar a la agricultura en las provincias de Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires, entre mediados de la década de 1870 y 1900. En la primera, estudiaremos la forma en que la cuenca del río Dulce se verá atravesada por canales principales que, tomando agua del curso principal, la derivarán a través de una red de canales subsidiarios e hijuelas, que trazaron una compleja red hídrica principalmente en el ejido urbano de la ciudad de Santiago del Estero para desarrollar cultivos novedosos para la provincia como la vid y la caña de azúcar, dando lugar a una serie de pequeñas villas. En la segunda observaremos cómo la demanda de grandes propietarios de las tierras de reciente ocupación criolla del suroeste provincial posibilitaba la construcción de canales de desvío de ríos y arroyos para regar sus campos, como así también la provincia desarrolló una serie de estudios de canalización para generar colonias agrícolas. ;Nos proponemos avanzar sobre las relaciones entre las tramas políticas y económicas y las confluencias de intereses públicos y particulares, que hicieron posible que los gobiernos provinciales tomaran bajo su responsabilidad la provisión de agua para el desarrollo de la agricultura; identificaremos las instituciones involucradas en el gerenciamiento del aprovisionamiento de agua y las cuestiones técnicas que se pusieron en juego, las dificultades que debían sortearse y los límites que planteaba el esquema de desarrollo. Por último, y teniendo en cuenta que para la administración del agua de riego el gobierno de Santiago del Estero organizó un esquema sindical centralizado con apoyaturas departamentales, nos adentraremos en la historia del primer espacio democratizador en la provincia con instituciones cuyas autoridades eran elegidas por los propios regantes propietarios de tierras y renovadas anualmente. Esto contrasta con el modelo bonaerense en el que la iniciativa privada de los grandes propietarios tuvo respuesta individuales a través de decretos y disposiciones ad hoc.

Gestión del riego en las llanuras argentinas. Poderes locales y provinciales en perspectiva comparada : Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y 1915

La vinculación productiva de los diferentes espacios agrícolas regionales argentinos al mercado mundial, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, fue llevada adelante mediante diferentes políticas públicas en torno a la propiedad de los bienes, la gestión del territorio y los recursos. Y cada una de estas políticas impactaron en la relación entre las comunidades locales y los poderes provinciales. ;Con respecto a la gestión de los recursos hídricos, un tema aún poco abordado por la historiografía concentrada en las grandes llanuras, en este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar los modos en que fue cambiando el uso del agua para beneficiar a la agricultura en las provincias de Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires, entre mediados de la década de 1870 y 1900. En la primera, estudiaremos la forma en que la cuenca del río Dulce se verá atravesada por canales principales que, tomando agua del curso principal, la derivarán a través de una red de canales subsidiarios e hijuelas, que trazaron una compleja red hídrica principalmente en el ejido urbano de la ciudad de Santiago del Estero para desarrollar cultivos novedosos para la provincia como la vid y la caña de azúcar, dando lugar a una serie de pequeñas villas. En la segunda observaremos cómo la demanda de grandes propietarios de las tierras de reciente ocupación criolla del suroeste provincial posibilitaba la construcción de canales de desvío de ríos y arroyos para regar sus campos, como así también la provincia desarrolló una serie de estudios de canalización para generar colonias agrícolas. ;Nos proponemos avanzar sobre las relaciones entre las tramas políticas y económicas y las confluencias de intereses públicos y particulares, que hicieron posible que los gobiernos provinciales tomaran bajo su responsabilidad la provisión de agua para el desarrollo de la agricultura; identificaremos las instituciones involucradas en el gerenciamiento del aprovisionamiento de agua y las cuestiones técnicas que se pusieron en juego, las dificultades que debían sortearse y los límites que planteaba el esquema de desarrollo. Por último, y teniendo en cuenta que para la administración del agua de riego el gobierno de Santiago del Estero organizó un esquema sindical centralizado con apoyaturas departamentales, nos adentraremos en la historia del primer espacio democratizador en la provincia con instituciones cuyas autoridades eran elegidas por los propios regantes propietarios de tierras y renovadas anualmente. Esto contrasta con el modelo bonaerense en el que la iniciativa privada de los grandes propietarios tuvo respuesta individuales a través de decretos y disposiciones ad hoc.

Gestión del riego en las llanuras argentinas. Poderes locales y provinciales en perspectiva comparada : Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y 1915

La vinculación productiva de los diferentes espacios agrícolas regionales argentinos al mercado mundial, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, fue llevada adelante mediante diferentes políticas públicas en torno a la propiedad de los bienes, la gestión del territorio y los recursos. Y cada una de estas políticas impactaron en la relación entre las comunidades locales y los poderes provinciales. ;Con respecto a la gestión de los recursos hídricos, un tema aún poco abordado por la historiografía concentrada en las grandes llanuras, en este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar los modos en que fue cambiando el uso del agua para beneficiar a la agricultura en las provincias de Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires, entre mediados de la década de 1870 y 1900. En la primera, estudiaremos la forma en que la cuenca del río Dulce se verá atravesada por canales principales que, tomando agua del curso principal, la derivarán a través de una red de canales subsidiarios e hijuelas, que trazaron una compleja red hídrica principalmente en el ejido urbano de la ciudad de Santiago del Estero para desarrollar cultivos novedosos para la provincia como la vid y la caña de azúcar, dando lugar a una serie de pequeñas villas. En la segunda observaremos cómo la demanda de grandes propietarios de las tierras de reciente ocupación criolla del suroeste provincial posibilitaba la construcción de canales de desvío de ríos y arroyos para regar sus campos, como así también la provincia desarrolló una serie de estudios de canalización para generar colonias agrícolas. ;Nos proponemos avanzar sobre las relaciones entre las tramas políticas y económicas y las confluencias de intereses públicos y particulares, que hicieron posible que los gobiernos provinciales tomaran bajo su responsabilidad la provisión de agua para el desarrollo de la agricultura; identificaremos las instituciones involucradas en el gerenciamiento del aprovisionamiento de agua y las cuestiones técnicas que se pusieron en juego, las dificultades que debían sortearse y los límites que planteaba el esquema de desarrollo. Por último, y teniendo en cuenta que para la administración del agua de riego el gobierno de Santiago del Estero organizó un esquema sindical centralizado con apoyaturas departamentales, nos adentraremos en la historia del primer espacio democratizador en la provincia con instituciones cuyas autoridades eran elegidas por los propios regantes propietarios de tierras y renovadas anualmente. Esto contrasta con el modelo bonaerense en el que la iniciativa privada de los grandes propietarios tuvo respuesta individuales a través de decretos y disposiciones ad hoc.

Egg parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), from south-east Queensland

Field surveys of egg parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, were conducted at Redlands and Gatton, south-east Queensland. Eggs of P. xylostella were present all year round in both localities, and parasitized eggs were consistently found between late spring and early winter. Percent parasitism in the range 30-75% was recorded on many occasions, although rates less than 10% were more common. The major parasitoids included Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. Laboratory evaluation showed that the T. pretiosum from Gatton has a high capacity to parasitize P. xylostella eggs under suitable conditions. This study represents the first record of egg parasitoids of P. xylostella from Australia.

The identification of pathological subtypes of Alzheimer's disease using cluster analysis

A culster analysis was performed on 78 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to identify possible pathological subtypes of the disease. Data on 47 neuropathological variables, inculding features of the gross brain and the density and distribution of senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) were used to describe each case. Cluster analysis is a multivariate statistical method which combines together in groups, AD cases with the most similar neuropathological characteristics. The majority of cases (83%) were clustered into five such groups. The analysis suggested that an initial division of the 78 cases could be made into two major groups: (1) a large group (68%) in which the distribution of SP and NFT was restricted to a relatively small number of brain regions, and (2) a smaller group (15%) in which the lesions were more widely disseminated throughout the neocortex. Each of these groups could be subdivided on the degree of capillary amyloid angiopathy (CAA) present. In addition, those cases with a restricted development of SP/NFT and CAA could be divided further into an early and a late onset form. Familial AD cases did not cluster as a separate group but were either distributed between four of the five groups or were cases with unique combinations of pathological features not closely related to any of the groups. It was concluded that multivariate statistical methods may be of value in the classification of AD into subtypes. © 1994 Springer-Verlag.

Air traffic controller reactions to computer assistance

The research was instigated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to examine the implications for air traffic controllers' (ATCO) job satisfaction of the possible introduction of systems incorporating computer-assisted decision making. Additional research objectives were to assess the possible costs of reductions in ATCO job satisfaction, and to recommend appropriate task allocation between ATCOs and computer for future systems design (Chapter 1). Following a review of the literature (Chapter 2) it is argued that existing approaches to systems and job design do not allow for a sufficiently early consideration of employee needs and satisfactions in the design of complex systems. The present research develops a methodology for assessing affective reactions to an existing system as a basis for making reommendations for future systems design (Chapter 3). The method required analysis of job content using two techniques: (a) task analysis (Chapter 4.1) and (b) the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS). ATCOs' affective reactions to the several operational positions on which they work were investigated at three levels of detail: (a) Reactions to positions, obtained by ranking techniques (Chapter 4.2); (b) Reactions to job characteristics, obtained by use of JDS (Chapter 4.3); and (c) Reactions to tasks, obtained by use of Repertory Grid technique (Chapter 4.4). The conclusion is drawn that ATCOs' motivation and satisfaction is greatly dependent on the presence of challenge, often through tasks requiring the use of decision making and other cognitive skills. Results suggest that the introduction of systems incorporating computer-assisted decision making might result in financial penalties for the CAA and significant reductions in job satisfaction for ATCOs. General recommendations are made for allocation of tasks in future systems design (Chapter 5).

Another angle on contact lens surface analysis

Purpose: Dynamic contact angle (DCA) methods have advantages over other contact angle methodologies, not least that they can provide more than single contact angle values. Here we illustrate the use of DCA analysis to provide “fingerprint” characterisation of contact lens surfaces, and the way that different materials change in the early stages of wear. Method: The DCA method involves attaching to a microbalance weighted strips cut from a lens. The strips are then cyclically inserted into and removed from an aqueous solution. Conventionally, readings of force taken from linear portions of the resultant dipping curves are translated into advancing (CAa) and receding contact (CAr) angles. Additionally, analysis of the force versus immersion profile provides a “fingerprint” characterisation of the state of the lens surface. Results: CAa and CAr values from DCA traces provide a useful means of differentiating gross differences in hydrophilicity and molecular mobility of surfaces under particular immersion and emersion conditions, such as dipping rate and dwell times. Typical values for etafilcon A (CAa:63.1; CAr:37) and balafilcon B (CAa:118.4; CAr:36.4) illustrate this. Surface modifications induced in lens manufacture are observed to produce not only changes in these value, which may be small, but also changes in the DCA “fingerprint” (slope, undulations, length of plateau). Interestingly, similar changes are induced in the first few hours of lens wear with some lens-patient combinations. Conclusions: Although single parameter contact angles are useful for material characterisation, information of potential clinical interest can be obtained from more detailed analysis of DCA traces.

Contribution of the vasculature to the Alzheimer's disease process

One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques containing 39-42 amino acid Aβ peptides. The deposition of Aβ around blood vessels, known as Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is also a common feature in AD brain. Vascular density and cerebral blood flow are reduced in AD brains, and vascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes are also risk factors for AD. We have shown previously that Aβ peptides can potently inhibit angiogenesis both in-vitro and in-vivo, but the mechanism of action for this effect is not known. Therefore, my first hypothesis was that particular amino acid sequence(s) within the Aβ peptide are required for inhibition of angiogenesis. From this aim, I found a peptide sequence which was critical for anti-angiogenic activity (HHQKLVFF). This sequence contains a heparan sulfate proteoglycan growth factor binding domain implying that Aβ can interfere with growth factor signaling. Leading on from this, my second hypothesis was that Aβ can inhibit angiogenesis by binding to growth factor receptors. I found that Aβ can bind to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and showed that this is one mechanism by which Aβ can inhibit angiogenesis. Since the vasculature is disrupted in AD brains, I investigated whether a strategy to increase brain vascularization would be beneficial against AD pathology. Therefore, my third hypothesis was that voluntary exercise (which is known to increase brain vascularization in rodents) can ameliorate Aβ pathology, increase brain vascularization, and improve behavioral deficits in a transgenic mouse model of AD. I found that exercise has no effect on Aβ pathology, brain vascularization or behavioral deficits. Therefore, in the transgenic mouse model that I used, exercise is an ineffective therapeutic strategy against AD pathology and symptoms.

Commuter Airlines:Their Changing Role

In - Commuter Airlines: Their Changing Role – an essay by J. A. F. Nicholls, Transportation Coordinator, Department of Marketing and Environment, College of Business Administration, Florida International University, Nicholls initially observes: “The great majority of airline passenger miles flown in the United States are between large conurbations. People living in metropolitan areas may be quite unaware of commuter airlines and their role in our transportation system. These airlines are, however, communications lifelines for dwellers in small - and not so small - towns and rural areas. More germanely, commuter airlines have also developed a pivotal role vis-a-vis the major carriers in this country. The author discusses the antecedents of the commuter Airlines, their current role, and future prospects.” Huh; conurbations? Definition: [n.] a large urban area created when neighboring towns spread into and merge with each other In providing a brief history on the subject of commuter airlines, Nicholls states: “…there had been a sort of commuter airline as far back as 1926 when, for example, the Florida Airways Corporation provided flights between Jacksonville and Atlanta, Colonial Air Lines between New York and Boston, and Ford Air Transport from Detroit to Cleveland.” “The passage of the Civil Aeronautics Act in 1938 was pivotal in encouraging and developing a passenger orientation by the airlines…” Nicholls informs you. Nicholls provides for the importance of this act by saying: “The CAA was empowered to act “in the public interest and in accordance with the public convenience and necessity.” Only the CAA itself could determine what constituted the “public convenience and necessity.” Nobody, however, could provide air transportation for public purposes without a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity, dispensed by the CAA.” The author wants you to know that this all happens in the age of airline regulation; that is to say, pre de-regulation i.e. 1978. Airlines could not and did not act on their own behalf; their actions were governed by the regulating agency, that being the Civil Aeronautics Board [CAB], who administered the conditions set forth by the CAA. “In 1944 the CAB introduced a new category of service called feeder airlines to provide local service-short-haul, low density-for smaller communities. These carriers soon became known as air taxis since they operated as common carriers, without a regular schedule,” says Nicholls in describing the evolution of the service. In 1969 the CAB officially designated these small air carriers as commuter airlines. They were, and are subject to passenger limits and freight/weight restrictions. Nicholls continues by defining how air carriers are labeled and categorized post 1978; in the age of de-regulation.

Diabetes Self Management: Are Cuban Americans Receiving Quality Health Care?

Objectives: We investigated the relationship among factors predicting inadequate glucose control among 182 Cuban-American adults (Females=110, Males=72) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CAA). Study Design: Cross-sectional study of CAA from a randomized mailing list in two counties of South Florida Methods: Fasted blood parameters and anthropometric measures were collected during the study. BMI was calculated (kg/ m2). Characteristics and diabetes care of CAA were self-reported Participants were screened by trained interviewers for heritage and diabetes status (inclusion criteria: self-reported having type 2 diabetes; age  35 years, male and female; not pregnant or lactating; no thyroid disorders; no major psychiatric disorders). Participants signed informed consent form. Statistical analyses used SPSS and included descriptive statistic, multiple logistic and ordinal logistic regression models, where all CI 95%. Results: Eighty-eight percent of CAA had BMI of ≥ 25 kg/ m2. Only 54% reported having a diet prescribed/told to schedule meals. We found CAA told to schedule meals were 3.62 more likely to plan meals (1.81, 7.26), p<0.001) and given a prescribed diet, controlling for age, corresponded with following a meal plan OR 4.43 (2.52, 7.79, p<0.001). The overall relationship for HbA1c < 8.5 to following a meal plan was OR 9.34 (2.84, 30.7. p<0.001). Conclusions: The advantage of having a medical professional prescribe a diet seems to be an important environmental support factor in this sample’s diabetes care, since obesity rates are well above the national average. Nearly half CAA are not given dietary guidance, yet our results indicate CAA may improve glycemic control by receiving dietary instructions.