A 20 m spatial resolution seamless multisource Digital Elevation/Depth Model for Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef

Hydrographers have traditionally referred to the nearshore area as the "white ribbon" area due to the challenges associated with the collection of elevation data in this highly dynamic transitional zone between terrestrial and marine environments. Accordingly, available information in this zone is typically characterised by a range of datasets from disparate sources. In this paper we propose a framework to 'fill' the white ribbon area of a coral reef system by integrating multiple elevation and bathymetric datasets acquired by a suite of remote-sensing technologies into a seamless digital elevation model (DEM). A range of datasets are integrated, including field-collected GPS elevation points, terrestrial and bathymetric LiDAR, single and multibeam bathymetry, nautical chart depths and empirically derived bathymetry estimations from optical remote sensing imagery. The proposed framework ranks data reliability internally, thereby avoiding the requirements to quantify absolute error and results in a high resolution, seamless product. Nested within this approach is an effective spatially explicit technique for improving the accuracy of bathymetry estimates derived empirically from optical satellite imagery through modelling the spatial structure of residuals. The approach was applied to data collected on and around Lizard Island in northern Australia. Collectively, the framework holds promise for filling the white ribbon zone in coastal areas characterised by similar data availability scenarios. The seamless DEM is referenced to the horizontal coordinate system MGA Zone 55 - GDA 1994, mean sea level (MSL) vertical datum and has a spatial resolution of 20 m.

(Table 1) Bulk carbonate content of ODP Hole 194-1198A sediments, east of the Great Barrier Reef

Upper Quaternary sediment sequences east of the Great Barrier Reef are characterized by alternating siliciclastic- and carbonate-rich horizons caused by changes in the input of various sedimentary components and reflected in cores by variations in bulk carbonate content. A total of 153 measurements of bulk carbonate content were determined using the carbonate-bomb technique for late Pleistocene sediments between 0 and 23.69 meters below sea floor (mbsf) in Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1198A. Average sample resolution was 15 cm and multiple analyses were performed on each sample. Bulk carbonate content ranges from a maximum of 94 wt% at 13.63 mbsf to a minimum of 73 wt% at 14.54 mbsf. Five cyclic trends are observed that may relate to five major glacial events during the last 500 k.y. of the Quaternary.

Entrance barrier

IMB (Irvine, Michigan, Brookline), a collaboration between the University of Michigan, the University of California at Irvine, and the U.S. Department of Energy, was an experiment designed to determine the ultimate stability of matter. IMB construction image. Entrance barrier formed from wooden beams, backed by salt on other side.

Oklahoma W-beam roadside barrier terminal section tests. Final report.

Oklahoma Department of Transportation, Oklahoma City

Draft report to Congress on the coastal barrier resources system as required by section 10 of P.L. 97-348, the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982.

"April 1985."

Vehicular crash test of a continuous concrete median barrier without a footing. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

A 1995 Solectria 4-door sedan into flat frontal barrier at 48.1 kph. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance, Washington, D.C.

Final report of a Renaissance Cars Tropica Roadster into flat frontal barrier at 47.6 kph.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Moving deformable barrier into left side of 1995 Solectria Force at 52.9 kph. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Side impact protection in production vehicles MDB-to-car side impact test of a 26 degree crabbed moving deformable barrier to a 1983 Mazda 626 at 33.4 mph. Test Report.

Mode of access: Internet.

FMVSS 208 RM crash simulation support: a crash test of a 1986 Volkswagen Golf into a fixed 30 degree oblique barrier with a closing velocity of 48.4 kph. Test report.

Mode of access: Internet.

The breakdown of IRS tax enforcement regarding multinational corporations : revenue losses, excessive litigation, and unfair burdens for U.S. producers : hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, March 25, 1993.

Shipping list no.: 93-0404-P.

Final report of a 1990 Chevrolet Caprice into a 50% left offset barrier in support of CRASH3 damage algorithm reformulation. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Field study of a variable-height highway-noise barrier. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Air bag demonstration test - 1982 Chevrolet Caprice into a fixed barrier at 30.0 mph. Final report.

Mode of access: Internet.