O encabecamento das armaduras urbanas nacionais: uma revisão

Starting from Jefferson's 'law of the primate city' and Zipf's 'rank-size rule', examines the question of the heading of national urban systems, seeking to stretch the analysis as far as possible in space and time. Thus, 131 countries were included in the study, most of them also viewed from the evolutive side. It was found that there is a main tendency for urban systems to evolve to the primate leadership, maintained by Jefferson as the normal pattern. Among the various factors that act in this direction, the attraction exercised by political power located in the capital cities is dominant.-English summary

Avaliacao das influencias litologicas e topograficas na classificacao de bacias hidrograficas.

Morphometric variables such as drainage density, hydrographic density and topographic texture have been successfully used to describe hydrographic basins. This paper deals with possible relationships among those morphological variables and lithological and altimetric aspects, in order to find a classification of several geographical areas in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.-from English summary

Similaridade geometrica de bacias hidrograficas e o mapeamento de solos.

The following soil classes were identified in the studied area: Quartz Sands (AQ), Yellow Red Podzolic, Dusky Red Latosol (LR), 'Terra Roxa estruturada' (TE), Lithosol substrate sandstone (Lia) and Hidromorphic (Hi). The dimensional analysis method allowed: a) to group the watershed whose percentage (60%) are showing predominance of the same soil (Quartz Sands) and which located in the same relief; b) to group watersheds with different soil classes, but with similar percentages. -from English summary

Analise topografica de bacias de drenagem

The morphometric analysis has a long history and the authors list 26 indices. -after English summary

Concepcoes estratigraficas em analise de Bacias: A) a estratigrafia tradicional

This article is the first part of an overall theme dealing with different stratigraphic approaches to basin analysis. The traditional stratigraphy, based on formal units, is discussed here with an attempt to analyse their principles, methods and purposes. Using the Permian carboniferous sequence of Parana Basin as a paradigm, some critical inferences concerning the limitations of such an approach in environmental reconstruction are attained. -English summary

Concepcoes estratigraficas em analise de bacias: C) a estratigrafia genetica

The present work fits the concepts of depositional systems and depositional sequence as paralithostratigraphic and parachronostratigraphic units, respectively, and discusses the advantages of using this approach in environmental reconstructions. The depositional system concept came to a focus as a link between sedimentology and stratigraphy since it represents both a facies association and a mapping unit. Additionally, the depositional sequence represents the sedimentary episode of relative sea level change, in interaction with basin paleophysiography. In such a way a time-space diagnosis is reached in environmental interpretation as illustrated by the Permian-Carboniferous sequence of the Parana Basin. -English summary

Caracteristicas basicas do material cartografico empregado em atividades agronomicas nas bacias hidrograficas

Covers cartographic aspects related to characterization and map-making of watersheds, in surveys relating to agronomic activities. The recommendations, about scales and others specifications of thematic maps, were established in conformity with the dimension and complexity of watershed. -English summary

Segmentação de dados de perfilamento a laser em áreas urbanas utilizando uma abordagem Bayesiana

In this paper is presented a region-based methodology for Digital Elevation Model segmentation obtained from laser scanning data. The methodology is based on two sequential techniques, i.e., a recursive splitting technique using the quad tree structure followed by a region merging technique using the Markov Random Field model. The recursive splitting technique starts splitting the Digital Elevation Model into homogeneous regions. However, due to slight height differences in the Digital Elevation Model, region fragmentation can be relatively high. In order to minimize the fragmentation, a region merging technique based on the Markov Random Field model is applied to the previously segmented data. The resulting regions are firstly structured by using the so-called Region Adjacency Graph. Each node of the Region Adjacency Graph represents a region of the Digital Elevation Model segmented and two nodes have connectivity between them if corresponding regions share a common boundary. Next it is assumed that the random variable related to each node, follows the Markov Random Field model. This hypothesis allows the derivation of the posteriori probability distribution function whose solution is obtained by the Maximum a Posteriori estimation. Regions presenting high probability of similarity are merged. Experiments carried out with laser scanning data showed that the methodology allows to separate the objects in the Digital Elevation Model with a low amount of fragmentation.

Controle de erosão em estradas rurais não pavimentadas, utilizando sistema de terraceamento com gradiente associado a bacias de captação

The agricultural unpaved roads are important road structures for the economic and social agricultural development of the Nation, and the erosion provoked by rain water in the road bed and sides are closely related to bad draining, one of the main factors for their degradation. In order to make the draining system adequate, it is necessary to know about erodibility, infiltration capacity of water in the ground and adoption of mechanical slope abatement with grid elevation and water interception. This study presents drainage model through the construction of terraces with gradient transversally associated to the capitation basin in abruptic red dystrophic argisol soils, medium sandy texture, based on slops abatement techniques, elevating the road bed and deviating flow. The grain sized fractions of this ground (sand, silt, clay) and the aggregate stability indicated that this ground, under anthropic action, presents erosive processes resulting in superficial draining with ground hauling, sanding sources and courses of water situation below roads, providing great environmental impacts in the hydric bodies. The reduction of erosion problems in these unpaved roads is in the adoption of measures that intercept waters from the draining of their stream bed itself, as well as pluvial waters comings from adjacent areas of contribution, that are collected and conducted to inlaid terraces and capitation basis.

Informe del Seminario Internacional sobre Sistemas Integrados para el Desarrollo y Gestión de Cuencas Hidrográficas en la Región Andina de América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Experiencias emblemáticas en la superación de la precariedad y pobreza urbanas en América Latina y el Caribe: acceso al suelo urbano para los pobres

Incluye Bibliografía

La medición de los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio en las áreas urbanas de América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Procedimientos de gestión para el desarrollo sustentable

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El ordenamiento territorial como opción de políticas urbanas y regionales en América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Las nuevas funciones urbanas: gestión para la ciudad sostenible

El concepto y la práctica en materia de gestión urbana-territorial se han modificado sustancialmente en los últimos años en América Latina y el Caribe, desarrollándose para abarcar asuntos y problemas vinculados al desarrollo urbano, que tradicionalmente no hacían parte del quehacer profesional en esta materia. Las razones: la consolidación de los procesos de descentralización y la modernización del estado en el marco del desafío que la globalización impone a los países de la región. La consolidación de una nueva economía urbana, que se caracteriza por una estrecha interrelación entre sistemas complejos (servicios, comunicaciones, producción, información, infraestructura) como asimismo el surgimiento de una estructura social-territorial marcada por los problemas de equidad y vulnerabilidad hacen parte de una realidad del hábitat en la región que impone nuevos desafíos y tareas. Precisamente estas nuevas formas de conceptualizar las intervenciones y la gestión urbana son presentadas por un conjunto de expertos en el presente documento. En primer lugar Ricardo Jordán y Daniela Simioni presentan el proyecto Instrumentos y estrategias de gestión urbana para el desarrollo sostenible", que considera particularmente el rol del municipio en tres ejes temáticos claves para la gestión urbana: las intervenciones para la pobreza urbana; la gestión de servicios públicos y la rehabilitación de lugares centrales. Todo ello en el marco de las características que asume hoy el proceso de urbanización en la región. A continuación Carmen Bellet Sanfeliu y Josep Maria Llop Torne nos presentan un programa de trabajo en torno al tema de las ciudades intermedias y la urbanización mundial, desarrollado por la Unión Internacional de Arquitectos (UIA). El énfasis esta puesto en el diseño de estrategias de gestión para ciudades intermedias sustentadas en una amplia participación de la comunidad. Rubén Pesci aporta otro novedoso enfoque para desarrollar una gestión que tenga por objetivo la sostenibilidad en ciudades intermedias en América Latina. La presentación involucra los aspectos conceptuales y de definición, un análisis de la situación y la descripción de algunos casos emblemáticos en la región. Vinculado con la presentación anterior, finalmente Liana Vallicelli presenta un caso 'Clásico' en América Latina: Curitiba (Brazil). Fundamental en este sentido es la evaluación que se hace de la experiencia y de las lecciones aprendidas para la gestión sostenible."