Characterisation of the impact of open biomass burning on urban air quality in Brisbane, Australia

Open biomass burning from wildfires and the prescribed burning of forests and farmland is a frequent occurrence in South-East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. This work reports on data collected from 10-30 September 2011, which covers the days before (10-14 September), during (15-20 September) and after (21-30 September) a period of biomass burning in SEQ. The aim of this project was to comprehensively quantify the impact of the biomass burning on air quality in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. A multi-parameter field measurement campaign was conducted and ambient air quality data from 13 monitoring stations across SEQ were analysed. During the burning period, the average concentrations of all measured pollutants increased (from 20% to 430%) compared to the non-burning period (both before and after burning), except for total xylenes. The average concentration of O3, NO2, SO2, benzene, formaldehyde, PM10, PM2.5 and visibility-reducing particles reached their highest levels for the year, which were up to 10 times higher than annual average levels, while PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations exceeded the WHO 24-hour guidelines and O3 concentration exceeded the WHO maximum 8-hour average threshold during the burning period. Overall spatial variations showed that all measured pollutants, with the exception of O3, were closer to spatial homogeneity during the burning compared to the non-burning period. In addition to the above, elevated concentrations of three biomass burning organic tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan), together with the amount of non-refractory organic particles (PM1) and the average value of f60 (attributed to levoglucosan), reinforce that elevated pollutant concentration levels were due to emissions from open biomass burning events, 70% of which were prescribed burning events. This study, which is the first and most comprehensive of its kind in Australia, provides quantitative evidence of the significant impact of open biomass burning events, especially prescribed burning, on urban air quality. The current results provide a solid platform for more detailed health and modelling investigations in the future.

Making sense of a transnational merger: Media texts and the (re)construction of power relations

In this study of symbolic power relations in a transnational merger, we suggest that the popular media can provide a significant arena for (re)constructing national identities and power in this kind of dramatic industrial restructuring, and are an under-utilized source of empirical data in research studies. Focusing on the press coverage of a recent Swedish-Finnish merger, we specify and illustrate a particular feature of discursive (re)construction of asymmetric power relations; superior (Swedish) and inferior (Finnish) national identities, which, we argue, are embedded in the history of colonization and domination between the two nations. The findings of the present study lead us to suggest that a lens taken from post-colonial theory is particularly useful in understanding the wider symbolic power implications of international industrial restructuring.

Between West and East: A Social History of Business Journalism in Cold War Finland

The Cold War era was characterized by ideological struggles that had a major impact on economic decision-making, and also on management practice. To date, however, these ideological struggles have received little attention from management and organizational scholars. To partially fill this research gap, we focus on the role of the media in these ideological struggles. Our starting point is that the media both reflect more general societal debates but also act as an agency promoting specific kinds of ideas and ideologies. In this sense, the media exercise significant power in society; this influece, however, is often subtle and easily dismissed in historical analyses focusing on political and corporate decision-making. In this article, we focus on the role of business journalism in the ideological struggles of the Cold War era. Our case in point is Finland, which is arguably a particularly interesting example due to its geo-political position between East and West. Our approach is socio-historical: we focus on the emergence and development of business journalism in the context of the specific struggles in the Finnish political and economic fields. Our analysis shows how the business journalists struggled between nationalist, pro-Soviet and pro-West political forces, but gradually developed into an increasingly influential force promoting neo-liberal ideology.

Patents, Ethics and Stem Cell Research : The Case of hESC Innovation in Australia, Europe and the United States

Embryonic stem cells offer potentially a ground-breaking insight into health and diseases and are said to offer hope in discovering cures for many ailments unimaginable few years ago. Human embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated, immature cells that possess an amazing ability to develop into almost any body cell such as heart muscle, bone, nerve and blood cells and possibly even organs in due course. This remarkable feature, enabling embryonic stem cells to proliferate indefinitely in vitro (in a test tube), has branded them as a so-called miracle cure . Their potential use in clinical applications provides hope to many sufferers of debilitating and fatal medical conditions. However, the emergence of stem cell research has resulted in intense debates about its promises and dangers. On the one hand, advocates hail its potential, ranging from alleviating and even curing fatal and debilitating diseases such as Parkinson s, diabetes, heart ailments and so forth. On the other hand, opponents decry its dangers, drawing attention to the inherent risks of human embryo destruction, cloning for research purposes and reproductive cloning eventually. Lately, however, the policy battles surrounding human embryonic stem cell innovation have shifted from being a controversial research to scuffles within intellectual property rights. In fact, the ability to obtain patents represents a pivotal factor in the economic success or failure of this new biotechnology. Although, stem cell patents tend to more or less satisfy the standard patentability requirements, they also raise serious ethical and moral questions about the meaning of the exclusions on ethical or moral grounds as found in European and to an extent American and Australian patent laws. At present there is a sort of a calamity over human embryonic stem cell patents in Europe and to an extent in Australia and the United States. This in turn has created a sense of urgency to engage all relevant parties in the discourse on how best to approach patenting of this new form of scientific innovation. In essence, this should become a highly favoured patenting priority. To the contrary, stem cell innovation and its reliance on patent protection risk turmoil, uncertainty, confusion and even a halt on not only stem cell research but also further emerging biotechnology research and development. The patent system is premised upon the fundamental principle of balance which ought to ensure that the temporary monopoly awarded to the inventor equals that of the social benefit provided by the disclosure of the invention. Ensuring and maintaining this balance within the patent system when patenting human embryonic stem cells is of crucial contemporary relevance. Yet, the patenting of human embryonic stem cells raises some fundamental moral, social and legal questions. Overall, the present approach of patenting human embryonic stem cell related inventions is unsatisfactory and ineffective. This draws attention to a specific question which provides for a conceptual framework for this work. That question is the following: how can the investigated patent offices successfully deal with patentability of human embryonic stem cells? This in turn points at the thorny issue of application of the morality clause in this field. In particular, the interpretation of the exclusions on ethical or moral grounds as found in Australian, American and European legislative and judicial precedents. The Thesis seeks to compare laws and legal practices surrounding patentability of human embryonic stem cells in Australia and the United States with that of Europe. By using Europe as the primary case study for lessons and guidance, the central goal of the Thesis then becomes the determination of the type of solutions available to Europe with prospects to apply such to Australia and the United States. The Dissertation purports to define the ethical implications that arise with patenting human embryonic stem cells and intends to offer resolutions to the key ethical dilemmas surrounding patentability of human embryonic stem cells and other morally controversial biotechnology inventions. In particular, the Thesis goal is to propose a functional framework that may be used as a benchmark for an informed discussion on the solution to resolving ethical and legal tensions that come with patentability of human embryonic stem cells in Australian, American and European patent worlds. Key research questions that arise from these objectives and which continuously thread throughout the monograph are: 1. How do common law countries such as Australia and the United States approach and deal with patentability of human embryonic stem cells in their jurisdictions? These practices are then compared to the situation in Europe as represented by the United Kingdom (first two chapters), the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Patent Office decisions (Chapter 3 onwards) in order to obtain a full picture of the present patenting procedures on the European soil. 2. How are ethical and moral considerations taken into account at patent offices investigated when assessing patentability of human embryonic stem cell related inventions? In order to assess this part, the Thesis evaluates how ethical issues that arise with patent applications are dealt with by: a) Legislative history of the modern patent system from its inception in 15th Century England to present day patent laws. b) Australian, American and European patent offices presently and in the past, including other relevant legal precedents on the subject matter. c) Normative ethical theories. d) The notion of human dignity used as the lowest common denominator for the interpretation of the European morality clause. 3. Given the existence of the morality clause in form of Article 6(1) of the Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions which corresponds to Article 53(a) European Patent Convention, a special emphasis is put on Europe as a guiding principle for Australia and the United States. Any room for improvement of the European morality clause and Europe s current manner of evaluating ethical tensions surrounding human embryonic stem cell inventions is examined. 4. A summary of options (as represented by Australia, the United States and Europe) available as a basis for the optimal examination procedure of human embryonic stem cell inventions is depicted, whereas the best of such alternatives is deduced in order to create a benchmark framework. This framework is then utilised on and promoted as a tool to assist Europe (as represented by the European Patent Office) in examining human embryonic stem cell patent applications. This method suggests a possibility of implementing an institution solution. 5. Ultimately, a question of whether such reformed European patent system can be used as a founding stone for a potential patent reform in Australia and the United States when examining human embryonic stem cells or other morally controversial inventions is surveyed. The author wishes to emphasise that the guiding thought while carrying out this work is to convey the significance of identifying, analysing and clarifying the ethical tensions surrounding patenting human embryonic stem cells and ultimately present a solution that adequately assesses patentability of human embryonic stem cell inventions and related biotechnologies. In answering the key questions above, the Thesis strives to contribute to the broader stem cell debate about how and to which extent ethical and social positions should be integrated into the patenting procedure in pluralistic and morally divided democracies of Europe and subsequently Australia and the United States.

A Shared European History? Perceptions of Imperialism and Islam in Matriculation Examination Essays and History Textbooks

The European Union (EU) is faced with a continuous decrease in public support. There is a tension between the growing Euroscepticism and the concurrent academic discourse of a shared European identity. Informed and inspired by the current debates, this Master’s Thesis investigates the potential of a shared past to create shared identity. It also addresses the logic of cultural exclusion that is often connected to collective cultural identities. The source material is a combination of exam essays, written as answers to the history tests in the Finnish matriculation examinations of 2005-2008, and upper secondary school history textbooks. From the sources, current perceptions of Islam (as Europe’s Other) and the age of imperialism (as a debated period from Europe’s past) among the youth are studied. Through the analysis the thesis aims to indicate the level of consensus within the pupils’ identification with the past and with Europe. This objective is pursued through examining the pupils’ perceptions of Europe’s past and its relationship to non-European cultures and countries as they are manifested in the essays, and reflecting upon the level of influence that history textbooks as representatives of national hegemonic historical narratives might have on the contents, framings and emphases with and through which the pupils approach, imagine, and reproduce Europe’s past. The approach is based on previous research on the presence of history and the field of textbook research. The theoretical categories with which the sources are analyzed are derived primarily from literature on identity, European integration, history and memory, postcolonial criticism, and theorizations of European identity. Results of the research project suggest that the rhetoric of European superiority, despite its apparent demise, still resonates in contemporary understandings of Europeanness. Dominant perceptions of imperialism comprise of European agency and colonial submission, dominant perceptions of the Islamic world of fundamental difference. Identification with European history among the Finnish youth is rather shallow when examined through perceptions of imperialism; the Islamic world is perceived as Other and its representations are dominated by recent and contemporary international relations.

Water Management in Cambodia Resources and Relations

In Cambodia, water has a special purpose as a source of life and livelihoods. Along with agriculture, fishing and forest use, industry, hydropower, navigation and tourism compete for the water resources. When rights and responsibilities related to essential and movable water are unclear, conflicts emerge easily. Therefore, water management is needed in order to plan and control the use of water resources. The international context is characterized by the Mekong River that flows through six countries. All of the countries by the river have very different roles and interests already depending on their geographical location. At the same time, water is also a tool for cooperation and peace. Locally, the water resources and related livelihoods create base for well-being, for economical and human resources in particular. They in turn are essential for the local people to participate and defend their rights to water use. They also help to construct the resource base of the state administration. Cambodia is highly dependent on the Mekong River. However, Cambodia has a volatile history whose effects can be seen for example in population structure, once suspended public institutions and weakened trust in the society. Relatively stable conditions came to the country as late as in the 1990s, therefore Cambodia for example has a weak status within the Mekong countries. This Master s thesis forms international, national and local interest groups of water use and analyzes their power relations and resources to affect water management. The state is seen as the salient actor as it has the formal responsibility of the water resources and of the coordination between the actions of different levels. In terms of water use this study focuses on production, in management on planning and in power relations on the resources. Water resources of Cambodia are seen consisting of the Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake and the time span of the study is between the years 1991 and 2006. The material consists of semi-structured interviews collected during summer 2006 in Finland and in Cambodia as well as of literature and earlier studies. The results of the study show that the central state has difficulties to coordinate the actions of different actors because of its resource deficit and internal conflicts. The lessons of history and the vested interests of the actors of the state make it difficult to plan and to strengthen legislation. It seems that the most needed resources at the central state level are intangible as at the village level instead, the tangible resources (fulfilling the basic needs) are primarily important. The local decision-making bodies, NGOs and private sector mainly require legislation and legitimacy to support their role. However, the civil society and the international supporters are active and there are possibilities for new cooperation networks. Keywords: Water management, resources, participation, Cambodia, Mekong

Race Detection for Android Applications

Programming environments for smartphones expose a concurrency model that combines multi-threading and asynchronous event-based dispatch. While this enables the development of efficient and feature-rich applications, unforeseen thread interleavings coupled with non-deterministic reorderings of asynchronous tasks can lead to subtle concurrency errors in the applications. In this paper, we formalize the concurrency semantics of the Android programming model. We further define the happens-before relation for Android applications, and develop a dynamic race detection technique based on this relation. Our relation generalizes the so far independently studied happens-before relations for multi-threaded programs and single-threaded event-driven programs. Additionally, our race detection technique uses a model of the Android runtime environment to reduce false positives. We have implemented a tool called DROIDRACER. It generates execution traces by systematically testing Android applications and detects data races by computing the happens-before relation on the traces. We analyzed 1 5 Android applications including popular applications such as Facebook, Twitter and K-9 Mail. Our results indicate that data races are prevalent in Android applications, and that DROIDRACER is an effective tool to identify data races.

Infrared Magnitude-Redshift Relations for Luminous Radio Galaxies

Infrared magnitude-redshift relations for the 3CR and 6C samples of radio galaxies are presented for a wide range of plausible cosmological models, including those with non-zero cosmological constant OmegaLambda. Variations in the galaxy formation redshift, metallicity and star formation history are also considered. The results of the modelling are displayed in terms of magnitude differences between the models and no-evolution tracks, illustrating the amount of K-band evolution necessary to account for the observational data. Given a number of plausible assumptions, the results of these analyses suggest that: (i) cosmologies which predict T_0xH_0>1 (where T_0 denotes the current age of the universe) can be excluded; (ii) the star formation redshift should lie in the redshift interval 5-de Sitter model provides a reasonable fit to the data; (iv) models with finite values of OmegaLambda can provide good agreement with the observations only if appropriate adjustments of other parameters such as the galaxy metallicities and star-formation histories are made. Without such modifications, even after accounting for stellar evolution, the high redshift radio galaxies are more luminous (ie. more massive) than those nearby in models with finite OmegaLambda, including the favoured model with Omega=0.3, OmegaLambda=0.7. For cosmological models with larger values of T_0xH_0, the conclusions are the same regardless of whether any adjustments are made or not. The implications of these results for cosmology and models of galaxy formation are discussed.

Gerando eus, tecendo redes e trançando nós: ditos e não ditos das professoras e estudantes negras nos cotidianos do curso de pedagogia

O presente trabalho objetiva compreender como a temática afrobrasileira era abordada nos cotidianos do Curso de Pedagogia, campus I, da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. A questão norteadora da pesquisa foi descobrir como professoras e estudantes negras se sentem e enfocam essa temática nas suas redes de conhecimentos, práticas e relações. Para tanto, foi preciso adentrar na história do povo negro no Brasil a partir da luta dos movimentos sociais negros buscando entender as noções de raça, racismo, identidade e os limites da educação do/a negro/a ao longo da história brasileira. Neste percurso se dialoga com diversos estudiosos/as como: Santos (2002), Viana (2007), Oliveira (2003, 2006, 2007, 2008), Fernandes (2007), Domingues (2009), Munanga (2002, 2006, 2009), Veiga (2007, 2008)), Pereira (2008, 2009), Gomes (2003, 2006, 2008), Morin (2000), Hall (2003), Moreira e Câmara (2008), dentre outros. Exemplificando a luta e a resistência de mulheres negras são apresentadas as histórias de vida de quatro professoras e quatro estudantes negras, praticantes (CERTEAU, 2007), sujeitos da pesquisa, que expõem o processo de tessitura de suas identidades. Suas narrativas evidenciam indícios de racismo e discriminação que marcaram suas trajetórias, desde o seio familiar, fortalecendo-se na escola, na academia e, para algumas, chegando até o ambiente de trabalho. Uma das professoras é a pesquisadora que, à medida que narra a história de vida das praticantes, tece sua própria história, como mulheres costurando uma colcha de retalhos em que cada estampa retrata os momentos vividos. A metodologia de pesquisa nos/dos/com os cotidianos (ALVES, 2008) foi o caminho percorrido. Além da observação dos cotidianos, foram realizadas conversas (LARROSA, 2003) sobre as histórias de vida (BOSI, 2003; PORTELLI, 1997) e tecidas as narrativas a partir dessas vivências. Estas revelaram que tais mulheres, ao longo de suas histórias, viveram/vivem processos de afirmaçãonegação, visto que suas identidades não são fixas, mas negociações e renegociações (MUNANGA, 2010) que geram alegrias e conflitos. O entendimento do que é Ser Negra é experimentado por cada uma, sem um modelo padrão para suas existências. Elas foram se gerando nas relações com o/a outro/a, em cada contexto familiar, escolar, acadêmico e profissional. São senhoras de suas vidas e mesmo as mais jovens buscam fazer suas histórias com autonomia. São praticantes porque lutaram/lutam para conquistar um lugar na vida, utilizando astúcias e táticas para fabricar (CERTEAU, 2007) meios de enfrentamento das adversidades. As táticas do silêncio, do estudo e do trabalho revelaram que essas mulheres não ficaram invisíveis nem se colocaram como vítimas no espaço social. Assim, urge delinear a superação da visão da pessoa negra a partir dos traços físicos e reconhecer as raízes do povo brasileiro para compreender a história da negritude. A partir da ancestralidade, serão identificadas as origens do povo negro, que poderão trazer o passado de resistência e luta por liberdade, dignidade, cidadania que produzem o orgulho de ser negra. Orgulho que recupera a autoestima e a capacidade de organização e mobilização para combater o racismo e as desigualdades raciais. Os cursos de formação docente precisam abordar essa temática para capacitar os/as futuros/as professores/as nessa tarefa. Essa abordagem envolve o ensinaraprender, em que professores/as e estudantes assumem compromisso com uma educação crítica e inclusiva. A reflexão entre os/as docentes formadores/as nessa perspectiva plural e intercultural poderia ajudar na superação do eurocentrismo ainda presente nos conteúdos e nas mentalidades. Sob essa ótica, tecer um processo de formação docente no Curso de Pedagogia, comprometido com uma educação inclusiva, considera um contínuo fazerdesfazer, na tessitura de um diálogo permanente entre a práticateoriaprática, num movimento de pesquisaintervenção. Isso implica a reflexão da trajetória pessoal e coletiva e a articulação da ação pedagógica com um projeto político de transformação da sociedade excludente em sociedade plural e solidária. Os não ditos necessitam de aprofundamento em trabalhos posteriores, pois os silenciamentos se referem ao passado próximo e as relações interraciais na família, na academia e também nos ambientes de trabalho. Será que não existe mais racismo? Ou este foi naturalizado dificultando sua identificação nos cotidianos? Os limites do processo de introjeção do racismo, que provocam a invisibilidade de algumas praticantes, são novos desafios para estudos futuros. Assim, percebo que colcha de retalhos tecida ao longo desta trajetória não é justaposição como usualmente é entendida. Para além disto, significa a socialização das experiências vividas nos cotidianos das praticantes, a fim de inspirar atitudes de combate ao racismo que se ampliem para o contexto social.

Viveiros de homens do mar: Escolas de Aprendizes-Marinheiros e as experiências formativas na Marinha Militar do Rio de Janeiro (1870-1910

O presente estudo aborda historicamente a formação elementar, profissional e militar dos aprendizes-marinheiros e aprendizes-artífices entre 1870 e 1910 na Marinha Militar do Brasil. Para compreender as experiências compartilhadas que os meninos e os jovens desenvolveram com os marinheiros nacionais e estrangeiros, com o oficialato e com os trabalhadores da cidade utilizamos o referencial teórico do historiador E.P. Thompson. A pesquisa sobre as Escolas de Aprendizes-Marinheiros e sua caracterização como uma instituição total e a análise de seus dispositivos disciplinares foi realizada com o aparato conceitual de Michel Foucault. As fontes históricas analisadas foram os Relatórios Ministeriais do Ministério da Marinha do período, os livros de ofícios do Arsenal de Marinha da Corte, o acervo da Revista Marítima Brasileira e documentos do Fundo/Coleção denominado Grupo de Identificação de Fundos Internos GIFI sob a guarda do Arquivo Nacional. Um dos objetivos foi compreender os fenômenos que envolveram essa instituição militar dentro das políticas de Estado no período localizado entre o fim da Guerra do Paraguai e a Revolta dos Marinheiros de 1910, e quais as mudanças qualitativas, contradições e conflitos na organização interna do trabalho concorreram para a produção de um modelo formativo dos futuros homens do mar. Buscamos compreender os mecanismos internos de recrutamento e controle dos sujeitos sociais dessa instituição permanente do Estado. A abordagem sobre o que seriam as experiências formativas dos aprendizes partiu da ideia de que a educação dos indivíduos acontecia em múltiplas dimensões da vida e não somente através de aulas ou programas de estudos oficiais, de compêndios ou de regras disciplinares repercutidas reiteradas vezes. Questões como o uso do tempo, o campo dos direitos como arena de conflitos, o dualismo no sistema educativo, a alimentação, o descanso, o alcoolismo, as deserções, as acomodações e as revoltas, compuseram a análise da formação dos meninos e jovens da Marinha. Verificamos como os embates em torno da temática da profissionalização e carreira, que passavam pelas discussões que envolviam aspectos como o mérito pessoal, a antiguidade e o bom comportamento interferiram na produção de uma consciência de direitos. Tudo isso fez parte das experiências formativas de meninos e rapazes daquela instituição chamada pelos oficiais de principal viveiro de homens do mar. Por fim, para entendermos aqueles chamados pelo referencial thompsoniano como os de baixo percorremos a dureza da hierarquia e disciplina militares e as concepções de mundo desenvolvidas a partir das classificações e apartações dos indivíduos pela raça, pela origem social, pela constituição física e pelo analfabetismo.

Age validation, growth modeling, and mortality estimates for striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) from southeastern Australia: making the most of patchy data

Age estimates for striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) from Tasmanian waters were produced by counting annuli on the transverse section of sagittal otoliths and were validated by comparison of growth with known-age individuals and modal progression of a strong recruitment pulse. Estimated ages ranged from one to 43 years; fast growth rates were observed for the first five years. Minimal sexual dimorphism was shown to exist between length, weight, and growth characteristics of striped trumpeter. Seasonal growth variability was strong in individuals up to at least age four, and growth rates peaked approximately one month after the observed peak in sea surface temperature. A modified two-phase von Bertalanffy growth function was fitted to the length-at-age data, and the transition between growth phases was linked to apparent changes in physiological and life history traits, including offshore movement as fish approach maturity. The two-phase curve was found to represent the mean length at age in the data better than the standard von Bertalanffy growth function. Total mortality was estimated by using catch curve analysis based on the standard and two-phase von Bertalanffy growth functions, and estimates of natural mortality were calculated by using two empirical models, one based on longevity and the other based on the parameters L∞ and k from both growth functions. The interactions between an inshore gillnet fishery targeting predominately juveniles and an offshore hook fishery targeting predominately adults highlight the need to use a precautionary approach when developing harvest strategies.

Marcadores de diferença e jocosidade entre sujeitos LGBT na cidade de Maputo

Esta dissertação analisa marcadores sociais produtores de hierarquia, desigualdade e discriminação entre sujeitos LGBT na cidade de Maputo. A análise das intersecções de gênero, raça, classe social, idade e sexualidade demonstra que os sujeitos LGBT em contextos de sociabilidades, e mesmo nas relações sociais, constroem hierarquias e formas de discriminação, que por sua vez geram sentimentos tais como a humilhação e o desprezo. O estudo discute também de que maneira esses marcadores posicionam determinados sujeitos LGBT na dinâmica de sociabilidade e preferências sexuais no pólo de valorizados, relegando outros ao pólo de desvalorizados. O humor, a jocosidade, e a informalidade observados reforçam os marcadores sociais das diferenças entre os sujeitos LGBT, e ainda informam moralidades por meio de um discurso irônico. A pesquisa é de carácter etnográfico e baseou-se nos métodos e técnicas tradicionais da antropologia: observação-participante e conversas informais com sujeitos LGBT; e incluiu ainda análise de documentos. Um objectivo secundário desta dissertação é contribuir para a construção da história do movimento LGBT moçambicano, que ainda está por ser realizada e o desenho de tal história faz parte do levantamento realizado.

A 139-year dendroclimatic cycle, cultural/environmental history, sunspots, and longer-term cycles

Higher resolution time-stratigraphic records suggest correlation of lower frequency paleoclimatic events with Milankovitch obliquity/precessional cycles and of higher frequency events with the evidently resonance-related Pettersson maximum tidal force (MTF) model. Subsequently published records, mainly pollen, seemingly confirm that atmospheric resonances may have modulated past climatic changes in phase with average MTF cycles of 1668, 1112, and 556 years, as calculated in anomalistic years from planetary movements by Stacey. Stacey accepts Pettersson's dating of AD 1433 (517 YBP) for the last major perihelian spring tide based solely on calculations of moon- and earth-orbital relations to the sun. Use of AD 1433 as an origin for the tidal resonance model seemingly continues to provide a best fit for the timing of cyclical patterns in the presented paleoclimate time series.

The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata : Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Seven species of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania Southern, 1913 are described from sediments sampled during the 2003 International Workshop on the Marine Flora and Fauna of Esperance Bay and the Recherche Archipelago, on the southern coast of Western Australia. Two species are new to science, the euryhaline Tasmanian G. dolichura Rota and Erseus, 2000 represents a new record for the state, and the remaining four species were known from other parts of Western Australia. Grania quaerens sp. n. is recognized by having a high chaetal index (= 5 short chaetal foot), small coelomocytes, penial apparati with long whip-like terminal stylets, conspicuous spermathecae with ectally bulbous ducts, and ectally granulated ampullae housing sperm rings in their ental region. Grania sperantia sp. n. is readily distinguishable by the complete lack of lateral chaetae, a multiple-banded pattern of the clitellum, extremely long sperm funnels, and the intrasegmental location of the spermathecal pores. The latter new species and four others in the collection (G. bykane Coates, 1990, G. crassiducta Coates, 1990, G. dolichura, and G. ersei Coates, 1990) are remarkable in possessing the head organ, a sensory structure unique to Grania that was not noted previously in Western Australian species. When considering the whole genus, the geographic pattern of the head organ appears southern-centred: of the 17 species of Grania reported to possess it, as many as 13 inhabit the southern latitudes. The seventh species of the Esperance collection, G. vacivasa Coates and Stacey, 1993, is notable for the kind of items found in its gut and the unusual appearance of its pygidium.

A feminist trade union agenda? The continued significance of class, gender and race.

During the 1990s attempts to identify a feminist trade union agenda have focused on both the content and process of such a potential agenda. In a period in which trade unions have changed significantly, the general national agenda appears to be changing, acknowledging issues of importance to women. UNISON, Britain's largest trade union, has enshrined proportionality and fair representation in its constitution, developing national initiatives aimed at improving opportunities in work and in the union for women, black workers, manual workers, disabled workers, etc. who traditionally have been less well represented. Many issues affecting women generally have moved to centre stage, yet issues affecting women ancillary workers seem as excluded as ever. Through a study of cleaners in the National Health Service this article argues that workplace interests reflect wider social divisions, but in a variety of patterns depending on the social organization of work. Despite thewidening trade union agenda, particular interests — more specifically the workplace interests of working-class women and black women — continue to be neglected.