Um modelo analítico e computacional para consideração de efeitos de envelhecimento em estruturas de material compósito

Os materiais compósitos reforçados por fibras apresentam vantagens quando comparados aos materiais de construção mais tradicionais como concreto e aço. Por outro lado, devido ao fato destes materiais serem relativamente recentes no mercado, questões a respeito de sua durabilidade são ainda objeto de discussão e faz-se necessária intensa pesquisa sobre o envelhecimento dos compósitos. Como conseqüência, recentemente têm surgido inúmeros trabalhos à respeito da degradação dos compósitos considerando efeitos como temperatura, oxidação, radiação UV, condições de carregamento, etc. A maioria destas pesquisas, no entanto, são realizadas a nível de material e não são diretamente aplicáveis à situações de projeto. Desta forma, existe grande demanda por novos estudos e dados compatíveis com aplicações estruturais. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um modelo analítico-numérico adequado para, interpretação e aplicação destes dados experimentais em análise e projeto de estrutural. A formulação proposta inclui relações constitutivas elásticas anisotrópicas com envelhecimento, relações constitutivas viscoelásticas anisotrópicas com envelhecimento em termos de variáveis de estado, análise de falhas com critério de degradação ajustado à idade do material e considera-se grandes deslocamentos e pequenas deformações. As diferenças essenciais entre os processos de envelhecimento em endurecimento e amolecimento são descritos juntamente com as relações constitutivas para cada caso. Estas equações são deduzidas na forma adequada para análise numérica via método dos elementos finitos usando uma solução incremental-iterativa com consideração de efeitos pos-críticos. Vários exemplos são apresentados, incluindo análises elásticas, viscoelásticas e de falha com envelhecimento.

Use of direct and iterative solvers for estimation of SNP effects in genome-wide selection

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uma implementação da análise de componentes independentes em plataforma de hardware reconfigurável

Blind Source Separation (BSS) refers to the problem of estimate original signals from observed linear mixtures with no knowledge about the sources or the mixing process. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a technique mainly applied to BSS problem and from the algorithms that implement this technique, FastICA is a high performance iterative algorithm of low computacional cost that uses nongaussianity measures based on high order statistics to estimate the original sources. The great number of applications where ICA has been found useful reects the need of the implementation of this technique in hardware and the natural paralelism of FastICA favors the implementation of this algorithm on digital hardware. This work proposes the implementation of FastICA on a reconfigurable hardware platform for the viability of it's use in blind source separation problems, more specifically in a hardware prototype embedded in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board for the monitoring of beds in hospital environments. The implementations will be carried out by Simulink models and it's synthesizing will be done through the DSP Builder software from Altera Corporation.

Search schemes for random optimization algorithms that preserve the asymptotic distribution

Markovian algorithms for estimating the global maximum or minimum of real valued functions defined on some domain Omega subset of R-d are presented. Conditions on the search schemes that preserve the asymptotic distribution are derived. Global and local search schemes satisfying these conditions are analysed and shown to yield sharper confidence intervals when compared to the i.i.d. case.

Projections Onto Convex Sets through Particle Swarm Optimization and its application for remote sensing image restoration

Image restoration attempts to enhance images corrupted by noise and blurring effects. Iterative approaches can better control the restoration algorithm in order to find a compromise of restoring high details in smoothed regions without increasing the noise. Techniques based on Projections Onto Convex Sets (POCS) have been extensively used in the context of image restoration by projecting the solution onto hyperspaces until some convergence criteria be reached. It is expected that an enhanced image can be obtained at the final of an unknown number of projections. The number of convex sets and its combinations allow designing several image restoration algorithms based on POCS. Here, we address two convex sets: Row-Action Projections (RAP) and Limited Amplitude (LA). Although RAP and LA have already been used in image restoration domain, the former has a relaxation parameter (A) that strongly depends on the characteristics of the image that will be restored, i.e., wrong values of A can lead to poorly restoration results. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (PS0)-POCS image restoration algorithm, in which the A value is obtained by PSO to be further used to restore images by POCS approach. Results showed that the proposed PSO-based restoration algorithm outperformed the widely used Wiener and Richardson-Lucy image restoration algorithms. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Beam Search Algorithms for Minimizing Tool Switches on a Flexible Manufacturing System

In the minimization of tool switches problem we seek a sequence to process a set of jobs so that the number of tool switches required is minimized. In this work different variations of a heuristic based on partial ordered job sequences are implemented and evaluated. All variations adopt a depth first strategy of the enumeration tree. The computational test results indicate that good results can be obtained by a variation which keeps the best three branches at each node of the enumeration tree, and randomly choose, among all active nodes, the next node to branch when backtracking.

Allocation of protective devices in distribution circuits using nonlinear programming models and genetic algorithms

The optimized allocation of protective devices in strategic points of the circuit improves the quality of the energy supply and the system reliability index. This paper presents a nonlinear integer programming (NLIP) model with binary variables, to deal with the problem of protective device allocation in the main feeder and all branches of an overhead distribution circuit, to improve the reliability index and to provide customers with service of high quality and reliability. The constraints considered in the problem take into account technical and economical limitations, such as coordination problems of serial protective devices, available equipment, the importance of the feeder and the circuit topology. The use of genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed to solve this problem, using a binary representation that does (1) or does not (0) show allocation of protective devices (reclosers, sectionalizers and fuses) in predefined points of the circuit. Results are presented for a real circuit (134 busses), with the possibility of protective device allocation in 29 points. Also the ability of the algorithm in finding good solutions while improving significantly the indicators of reliability is shown. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Using Amino Acid Correlation and Community Detection Algorithms to Identify Functional Determinants in Protein Families

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Neonatal Gonocyte Differentiation in Mongolian Gerbil Meriones unguiculatus Involves Asynchronous Maturation of Seminiferous Cords and Rapid Formation of Transitional Cell Stage

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Use of genetic algorithms and solvation potential to study peptides structure

In this work, genetic algorithms concepts along with a rotamer library for proteins side chains and implicit solvation potential are used to optimize the tertiary structure of peptides. We starting from the known PDB structure of its backbone which is kept fixed while the side chains allowed adopting the conformations present in the rotamer library. It was used rotamer library independent of backbone and a implicit solvation potential. The structure of Mastoporan-X was predicted using several force fields with a growing complexity; we started it with a field where the only present interaction was Lennard-Jones. We added the Coulombian term and we considered the solvation effects through a term proportional to the solvent accessible area. This paper present good and interesting results obtained using the potential with solvation term and rotamer library. Hence, the algorithm (called YODA) presented here can be a good tool to the prediction problem. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Castes and asynchronous colony cycle in Polybia bistriata (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Assessment of body surface temperature in cetaceans: an iterative approach

A transferência de energia térmica da superfície corporal para a água é provavelmente o aspecto mais importante do equilíbrio térmico em mamíferos marinhos, mas os respectivos cálculos dependem do conhecimento da temperatura da superfície, T S, cuja medição direta em animais em liberdade constitui um problema difícil de resolver. Um método iterativo é proposto para a predição de T S de cetáceos em liberdade, a partir da temperatura corporal profunda, da velocidade de deslocamento e da temperatura e propriedades termodinâmicas da água.