L’isola delle madri assenti: tracce di presenza femminile nella narrativa storica siciliana contemporanea (1990-2007)

The watershed constituted by the historical novels of Leonardo Sciascia (1921- 1989), Vincenzo Consolo (1933-2012) and Andrea Camilleri (born 1925), are starting points for analysing subsequent writings of history in Sicily, particularly those that deal with the hermeneutical function of literature as a means of critically reading official historiography. Nevertheless, whereas ample critical attention has been paid to male writers, whose work is deemed ‘mainstream’, there has been insufficient analysis of the role of female authors in relation to literary representations of Sicilian history. By considering the distinctiveness of the Sicilian literary tradition, the thesis identifies a series of transformations of the genre which have occurred in recent years within the context of feminine writing, and examines the historical narratives of contemporary Sicilian writers Maria Attanasio, Silvana La Spina and Maria Rosa Cutrufelli produced between 1990 and 2007. The study problematizes the lack of critical debate about feminine narratives in Sicily, and places these works in relation to developments in gender and genre theory, focusing particularly on Margherita Ganeri’s studies on the historical genre and the canon. After an introductory chapter which argues the case for examining Sicilian female historical fiction as a distinct literary practice, the subsequent chapters feature textual analyses of each author’s main historical fiction works, supporting the reading of the texts with theoretical readings, including the micro-history of Carlo Ginzburg, the écriture féminine of Hélène Cixous, the abjection theory of Julia Kristeva, the theoretical propositions on “experience” by Joan Wallach Scott and Teresa De Lauretis, and the theory of gender as performance proposed by Judith Butler. The analyses underline the importance of the authors’ distinct feminine perspective over Sicilian history and ultimately suggest that the three writers represent significant examples of a “nomadic writing” to be placed outside the Sicilian male literary tradition.

Users & use: An exploration of the interaction between the user and the digital archive

This thesis will examine the interaction between the user and the digital archive. The aim of the study is to support an in-depth examination of the interaction process, with a view to making recommendations and tools, for system designers and archival professionals, to promote digital archive domain development. Following a comprehensive literature review process, an urgent requirement for models was identified. The Model of Contextual Interaction presented in this thesis, aims to provide a conceptual model through which the interaction process, between the user and the digital archive, can be examined. Using the five-phased research development framework, the study will present a structured account of its methods, using a multi-method methodology to ensuring robust data collection and analysis. The findings of the study are presented across the Model of Contextual Interaction, and provide a basis on which recommendations and tools for system designers have been made. The thesis concludes with a summary of key findings, and a reflective account of how the findings and the Model of Contextual Interaction have impacted digital provision within the archive domain and how the model could be applied to other domains.

Migration: A Heideggerian analysis

The phenomenon of migration has been widely researched by the social sciences. Theories regarding the migrant have been developed in terms of the oppressive social context that is often encountered, proposing different alternatives to understand and overcome such oppression. Through the current project, an alternative view is presented that first, questions the accuracy of the social theories of migration and second, proposes an alternative understanding of this experience. Martin Heidegger’s phenomenology of Being offers a contextualized view of existence that nonetheless includes elements of our experience that are shared due to a common mode of being. I use Heidegger’s philosophy in order to broaden the understanding of the migrant’s experience analyzing those elements that he identifies as shared (for instance: human sociability, a desire for a home, the uncanny, etc.) and comparing them with common issues raised by migrants (identity, homesickness, belonging, etc.). In this way, I intend to present a more complete picture of the experience of migration that considers both empirical evidence of individual migrants and an existential analysis that incorporates the defining elements of our world and our existence as crucial means to understand any experience, including that of migration.

Au nanorods-semiconductor nanowire hybrid nanostructures : nanofabrication techniques and optoelectronic properties

The objective of this thesis is the exploration and characterization of novel Au nanorod-semiconductor nanowire hybrid nanostructures. I provide a comprehensive bottom-up approach in which, starting from the synthesis and theoretical investigation of the optical properties of Au nanorods, I design, nanofabricate and characterize Au nanorods-semiconductor nanowire hybrid nanodevices with novel optoelectronic capabilities compared to the non-hybrid counterpart. In this regards, I first discuss the seed-mediated protocols to synthesize Au nanorods with different sizes and the influence of nanorod geometries and non-homogeneous surrounding medium on the optical properties investigated by theoretical simulation. Novel methodologies for assembling Au nanorods on (i) a Si/SiO2 substrate with highly-ordered architecture and (ii) on semiconductor nanowires with spatial precision are developed and optimized. By exploiting these approaches, I demonstrate that Raman active modes of an individual ZnO nanowire can be detected in non-resonant conditions by exploring the longitudinal plasmonic resonance mediation of chemical-synthesized Au nanorods deposited on the nanowire surface otherwise not observable on bare ZnO nanowire. Finally, nanofabrication and detailed electrical characterization of ZnO nanowire field-effect transistor (FET) and optoelectronic properties of Au nanorods - ZnO nanowire FET tunable near-infrared photodetector are investigated. In particular we demonstrated orders of magnitude enhancement in the photocurrent intensity in the explored range of wavelengths and 40 times faster time response compared to the bare ZnO FET detector. The improved performance, attributed to the plasmonicmediated hot-electron generation and injection mechanism underlying the photoresponse is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The miniaturized, tunable and integrated capabilities offered by metal nanorodssemicondictor nanowire device architectures presented in this thesis work could have an important impact in many application fields such as opto-electronic sensors, photodetectors and photovoltaic devices and open new avenues for designing of novel nanoscale optoelectronic devices.

Facts and Fictions: Feminist Literary Criticism and Cultural Critique, 1968-2012

"Facts and Fictions: Feminist Literary Criticism and Cultural Critique, 1968-2012" is a critical history of the unfolding of feminist literary study in the US academy. It contributes to current scholarly efforts to revisit the 1970s by reconsidering often-repeated narratives about the critical naivety of feminist literary criticism in its initial articulation. As the story now goes, many of the most prominent feminist thinkers of the period engaged in unsophisticated literary analysis by conflating lived social reality with textual representation when they read works of literature as documentary evidence of real life. As a result, the work of these "bad critics," particularly Kate Millett and Andrea Dworkin, has not been fully accounted for in literary critical terms.

This dissertation returns to Dworkin and Millett's work to argue for a different history of feminist literary criticism. Rather than dismiss their work for its conflation of fact and fiction, I pay attention to the complexity at the heart of it, yielding a new perspective on the history and persistence of the struggle to use literary texts for feminist political ends. Dworkin and Millett established the centrality of reality and representation to the feminist canon debates of "the long 1970s," the sex wars of the 1980s, and the more recent feminist turn to memoir. I read these productive periods in feminist literary criticism from 1968 to 2012 through their varied commitment to literary works.

Chapter One begins with Millett, who de-aestheticized male-authored texts to treat patriarchal literature in relation to culture and ideology. Her mode of literary interpretation was so far afield from the established methods of New Criticism that she was not understood as a literary critic. She was repudiated in the feminist literary criticism that followed her and sought sympathetic methods for reading women's writing. In that decade, the subject of Chapter Two, feminist literary critics began to judge texts on the basis of their ability to accurately depict the reality of women's experiences.

Their vision of the relationship between life and fiction shaped arguments about pornography during the sex wars of the 1980s, the subject of Chapter Three. In this context, Dworkin was feminism's "bad critic." I focus on the literary critical elements of Dworkin's theories of pornographic representation and align her with Millett as a miscategorized literary critic. In the decades following the sex wars, many of the key feminist literary critics of the founding generation (including Dworkin, Jane Gallop, Carolyn Heilbrun, and Millett) wrote memoirs that recounted, largely in experiential terms, the history this dissertation examines. Chapter Four considers the story these memoirists told about the rise and fall of feminist literary criticism. I close with an epilogue on the place of literature in a feminist critical enterprise that has shifted toward privileging theory.

Suppression of the Hepatitis C viral load by Phyllanthus niruri extracts

Gemstone Team ANTIDOTE

BLAZE: Bettering the lives of animals in zoo environments

Gemstone Team BLAZE

SOLO AND CHAMBER CLARINET WORKS BY AMERICAN- BORN WOMEN COMPOSERS: 1990-2005

During the period of 1990-2005, American-born women composers have contributed significantly to the standard clarinet repertoire. Pioneering composers such as Joan Tower, Margaret Brouwer, and Libby Larsen have created staples for clarinet literature. Yet, there is very little scholarly research on women composers of clarinet music, most being concentrated on Joan Tower. Through my research, I have discovered over seventy-five works by more than fifty composers in the following genres: solo clarinet; clarinet and piano; clarinet and voice, with or without piano; and small chamber pieces for up to five players. This performance dissertation project consists of three recitals featuring solo and chamber works by nine living women composers, and program notes containing pertinent biographical and compositional information. My intent is to increase recognition women composers, both prominent and lesser known, who are writing high-quality, accessible clarinet literature. Each woman selected is making a full or partial living from the sales of her compositions, has received recognition through awards, commissions, grants, and frequent performances, and has composed works that are both performer and audience accessible. Recital 1: Trios for Clarinet, Violin, and Piano Commissioned by the Verdehr Trio and Composed by American-Born Women Composers. Composers: Jennifer Higdon, Joan Tower, Margaret Brouwer, and Libby Larsen. Recital II: Programmatic Clarinet Works by American-Born Women Composers. Composers: Andrea Clearfield, Stella Sung, and Karen Amrhein. Recital III: Works for Solo Clarinet, Clarinet and Piano, and Clarinet Concerto Genres by American-Born Women Composers. Composers: Persis Parshall Vehar, Jenni Brandon, Margaret Brouwer, and Libby Larsen.

Wind-Induced Vibration Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Transducers Coupled with Dynamic Magnification

Flexible cylindrical structures subjected to wind loading experience vibrations from periodic shedding of vortices in their wake. Vibrations become excessive when the natural frequencies of the cylinder coincide with the vortex shedding frequency. In this study, cylinder vibrations are transmitted to a beam inside the structure via dynamic magnifier system. This system amplifies the strain experienced by piezoelectric patches bonded to the beam to maximize the conversion from vibrational energy into electrical energy. Realworld applicability is tested using a wind tunnel to create vortex shedding and comparing the results to finite element modeling that shows the structural vibrational modes. A crucial part of this study is conditioning and storing the harvested energy, focusing on theoretical modeling, design parameter optimization, and experimental validation. The developed system is helpful in designing wind-induced energy harvesters to meet the necessity for novel energy resources.

Community-based Data Validation Practices in Citizen Science

Technology-supported citizen science has created huge volumes of data with increasing potential to facilitate scientific progress, however, verifying data quality is still a substantial hurdle due to the limitations of existing data quality mechanisms. In this study, we adopted a mixed methods approach to investigate community-based data validation practices and the characteristics of records of wildlife species observations that affected the outcomes of collaborative data quality management in an online community where people record what they see in the nature. The findings describe the processes that both relied upon and added to information provenance through information stewardship behaviors, which led to improved reliability and informativity. The likelihood of community-based validation interactions were predicted by several factors, including the types of organisms observed and whether the data were submitted from a mobile device. We conclude with implications for technology design, citizen science practices, and research.

Dolutegravir plus Abacavir-Lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572), a once-daily, unboosted integrase inhibitor, was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Dolutegravir, in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, may provide a simplified regimen. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study involving adult participants who had not received previous therapy for HIV-1 infection and who had an HIV-1 RNA level of 1000 copies per milliliter or more. Participants were randomly assigned to dolutegravir at a dose of 50 mg plus abacavir-lamivudine once daily (DTG-ABC-3TC group) or combination therapy with efavirenz-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF)-emtricitabine once daily (EFV-TDF-FTC group). The primary end point was the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of less than 50 copies per milliliter at week 48. Secondary end points included the time to viral suppression, the change from baseline in CD4+ T-cell count, safety, and viral resistance. RESULTS: A total of 833 participants received at least one dose of study drug. At week 48, the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of less than 50 copies per milliliter was significantly higher in the DTG-ABC-3TC group than in the EFV-TDF-FTC group (88% vs. 81%, P = 0.003), thus meeting the criterion for superiority. The DTG-ABC-3TC group had a shorter median time to viral suppression than did the EFV-TDF-FTC group (28 vs. 84 days, P<0.001), as well as greater increases in CD4+ T-cell count (267 vs. 208 per cubic millimeter, P<0.001). The proportion of participants who discontinued therapy owing to adverse events was lower in the DTG-ABC-3TC group than in the EFV-TDF-FTC group (2% vs. 10%); rash and neuropsychiatric events (including abnormal dreams, anxiety, dizziness, and somnolence) were significantly more common in the EFV-TDF-FTC group, whereas insomnia was reported more frequently in the DTG-ABC-3TC group. No participants in the DTG-ABC-3TC group had detectable antiviral resistance; one tenofovir DF-associated mutation and four efavirenz-associated mutations were detected in participants with virologic failure in the EFV-TDF-FTC group. CONCLUSIONS: Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine had a better safety profile and was more effective through 48 weeks than the regimen with efavirenz-tenofovir DF-emtricitabine. Copyright © 2013 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Comportamiento de las formas de fósforo en un Ultisol con diferentes manejos de implantación forestal

En sistemas forestales, la preparación del terreno antes de la implantación de un monte adquiere gran importancia debido al impacto de diferentes sistemas de manejo de residuos sobre el capital de nutrientes. El objetivo de éste trabajo fue estudiar la dinámica de las fracciones de P en una plantación de Pinus taeda (L) con diferentes sistemas de manejo de residuos de la cosecha anterior y evaluar el efecto de estas prácticas sobre la adsorción de P en un Ultisol de la provincia de Misiones. Para ello se realizó un ensayo con un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con los siguientes tratamientos: 1) sin residuos: extracción de residuos y mantillo y plantación con Pinus taeda; 2) quema: quema de residuos y rastra y plantación con Pinus taeda; 3) plantación directa: conservación de residuos de la cosecha y plantación con Pinus taeda; 4) capuera: conservación de residuos y desarrollo de la vegetación natural denominada capuera y 5) monte nativo (MN). A los 6 y 9 años de aplicados los tratamientos se muestreó a dos profundidades superficial (0-5 cm) y subsuperficial (5-15 cm), y se realizó el fraccionamiento secuencial de P de Hedley, las curvas de adsorción y el cálculo de los coeficientes e índices derivados de las mismas. También fueron evaluadas las variables químicas COT, Ca, Mg, Na, K, suma de cationes, CIC, porcentaje de saturación de bases, pH en agua y pH en ClK (1M). Como resultado se observó que la extracción total de residuos presentó el mayor impacto negativo sobre el P orgánico, lábil y moderadamente lábil en la capa superficial del suelo de 0 a 5 cm. Con respecto a la quema de residuos, después de transcurridos 9 años, no se presentó ningún efecto sobre las fracciones de P más disponibles del suelo. También se observó que ninguna de las distintas prácticas de manejo aplicadas produjo cambios en el contenido de P total. En relación al efecto de los distintos manejos sobre la capacidad de adsorción del P se observó que donde se eliminaron los residuos, ya sea por extracción manual o por quema, se presentó un mayor efecto de adsorción de este nutriente por parte del suelo. Cuando se estudió el cultivo de pino comparado con monte nativo, se observó que la implantación del bosque produjo una mayor adsorción de P en el suelo. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos es de esperar que, en el mediano plazo, el manejo con conservación superficial de los residuos conduzca a un aumento de los niveles de COT y de las formas orgánicas de P más disponibles y por otro lado, a una disminución de la sorción de P por parte del suelo. Por lo tanto, es recomendable la aplicación de dicha práctica para reducir la exportación de nutrientes y sostener los aportes de materia orgánica al suelo como mecanismo de protección y reserva de nutrientes

Análisis de la variabilidad genotípica de cebada cervecera en rendimiento, porcentaje de proteína y calibre en distintos ambientes

En Argentina el principal uso de la cebada cervecera es la industria maltera. En la actualidad el cultivo tuvo una expansión en superficie a nuevas zonas de siembra, lo cual sumado a la introducción de nuevos genotipos al mercado hace relevante el estudio de la interacción genotipo por ambiente (GxA). Al ser el principal destino la industria, son de suma importancia parámetros de calidad como porcentaje de proteína y calibre. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento en cuanto a rendimiento, porcentaje de proteína y calibre de los principales genotipos argentinos de cebada cervecera en respuesta a variaciones ambientales. Para el trabajo se utilizaron los datos de la Red de Evaluación de Cultivares de Cebada coordinada por el INTA, se seleccionaron 8 genotipos y 14 ambientes (diferentes localidades en las campañas 2007 y 2008). Se determinaron las interacciones genotipo x ambiente realizando análisis de varianza, se calcularon los índices ambientales y se realizó un análisis de componentes principales. El ambiente fue el principal factor condicionante de las variaciones en rendimiento, porcentaje de proteína en grano o calibre, seguido por la interacción GxA y finalmente por el efecto genotipo. Los genotipos que presentaron los mayores rendimientos medios fueron también los que presentaron la mayor adaptabilidad. Las variaciones entre genotipos en porcentaje de proteína y calibre fueron más acentuadas que las obtenidas para rendimiento. El porcentaje de proteína en grano no presentó asociación con el rendimiento pero tuvo una relación negativa con el calibre. Las variaciones en ambientes (tanto por efecto sitio como por efecto año) estuvieron dadas por modificaciones en el nivel de precipitaciones en el ciclo del cultivo y por las temperaturas en post-floración.

Análisis genético de la respuesta de los caracteres ecofisiológicos determinantes del rendimiento en grano a la disponibilidad de nitrógeno en maíz (Zea mays L.)

Un entendimiento del tipo de control genético subyacente a la expresión del rendimiento en grano por planta (RGP) en híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) cultivados en condiciones de baja disponibilidad de nitrógeno (N) es crucial para la selección y el desarrollo de genotipos más eficientes en el uso de N. El objetivo de esta tesis fue el estudio de los componentes de la variabilidad genética para componentes numéricos y ecofisiológicos del RGP con atención especial a la expresión de heterosis, tipo de acción génica, y sus interacciones con el ambiente. El estudio consistió de un dialélico completo conducido en condiciones contrastantes de N y disponibilidad de agua para evaluar 25 atributos ecofisiológicos de 6 lineas endocriadas y todos los posibles híbridos simples. Los resultados permitieron (i) demostrar una disminución de la expresión de heterosis en condiciones de restricciones abióticas con efecto predominante sobre la expansión de tejidos, tal como estrés de N o hídrico durante el periodo de crecimiento vegetativo previo a floración; (ii) identificar atributos ecofisiológicos asociados con heterosis para RGP en condiciones de baja pero no de alta disponibilidad de N (i.e. peso grano); (iii) modelar la respuesta de heterosis para RGP a índice ambiental como una relación linear-plateau, identificando un valor umbral por sobre el cual no se observa incremento de heterosis para RGP; (iv) determinar la magnitud y tipo de acción génica de caracteres ecofisiológicos, identificando a la tasa de crecimiento de la espiga durante el periodo crítico como un carácter secundario promisorio dado su fuerte control genético aditivo y asociación con el RGP, así como el índice de área foliar a madurez fisiológica y el peso de grano en condiciones de baja disponibilidad de N. La integración de un modelo genético y ecofisiológico con la finalidad de explorar las relaciones genotipo a fenotipo utilizando los paisajes de adaptación sugiere que atributos tales como la tasa de removilización de N foliar y el N foliar específico podrían ser útiles para la identificación de loci importantes para el control de caracteres cuantitativos en condiciones de baja disponibilidad de N.