Cracking and Seating to Retard Reflective Cracking - Fremont County, HR-279, 1993

The concept of cracking and seating a portland cement concrete (pcc) pavement prior to laying an asphalt cement concrete (acc) surface in order to reduce reflection cracking has been around since the 1950s. With the advent of improved cracking equipment, this method gained renewed interest in the 1970s and 1980s. This project incorporated six test sections of which four were cracked and seated prior to being overlaid. Fremont County decided to utilize only a 0.9 m (3 ft) cracking pattern based on a 30 m (100 ft) trial test section. Pavement cracking appeared to be effective in reducing primarily longitudinal reflectance cracking, but only marginally successful in the reduction of transverse reflective cracking.

ABCtoolbox: a versatile toolkit for approximate Bayesian computations.

BACKGROUND: The estimation of demographic parameters from genetic data often requires the computation of likelihoods. However, the likelihood function is computationally intractable for many realistic evolutionary models, and the use of Bayesian inference has therefore been limited to very simple models. The situation changed recently with the advent of Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) algorithms allowing one to obtain parameter posterior distributions based on simulations not requiring likelihood computations. RESULTS: Here we present ABCtoolbox, a series of open source programs to perform Approximate Bayesian Computations (ABC). It implements various ABC algorithms including rejection sampling, MCMC without likelihood, a Particle-based sampler and ABC-GLM. ABCtoolbox is bundled with, but not limited to, a program that allows parameter inference in a population genetics context and the simultaneous use of different types of markers with different ploidy levels. In addition, ABCtoolbox can also interact with most simulation and summary statistics computation programs. The usability of the ABCtoolbox is demonstrated by inferring the evolutionary history of two evolutionary lineages of Microtus arvalis. Using nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial sequence data in the same estimation procedure enabled us to infer sex-specific population sizes and migration rates and to find that males show smaller population sizes but much higher levels of migration than females. CONCLUSION: ABCtoolbox allows a user to perform all the necessary steps of a full ABC analysis, from parameter sampling from prior distributions, data simulations, computation of summary statistics, estimation of posterior distributions, model choice, validation of the estimation procedure, and visualization of the results.

Worker Education in Germany, 1970

With the end of World War II and the advent of a variety of economic recovery programs, it became apparent to scholars and practitioners alike that the quality of the labor force, both here and abroad, was a vital, although often overlooked, factor in industrial recovery and growth. As a result of this awareness, there has been a development of interest and concern in the area of comparative education. Of particular interest has been the growing body of literature dealing with various aspects of comparative training and retraining programs within business and industry and related government-sponsored activities.

Presència de Rousseau a Catalunya: entre el mite i la realitat

En aquest article s’ofereix un perfil del pensament de Rousseau a partir de la seva relació amb la filosofia estoica i la seva dependència respecte de les idees de Montaigne, alhora que es remarca —atenint-se a la Professió de fe del vicari savoià— la dimensió religiosa i espiritual de la seva cosmovisió. Sobre la base d’aquests supòsits es revisa l’impacte de les idees de Rousseau en el Romanticisme del segle xix, sense perdre de vista les crítiques que la seva pedagogia va merèixer dels ideòlegs del Noucentisme (Eugeni d’Ors, Joaquim Xirau). Finalment, es conclou que la presència de la pedagogia de Rousseau en el Moviment de Renovació Pedagògica, viscut durant les primeres dècades del segle xx a Catalunya, constitueix més un horitzó que no pas una realitat bastida sistemàticament i sòlidament.

Curb Removal Study, HR-76, Progress Report, 1962

Pavements constructed in Iowa during the period of the 1920's through the late 1940's were built with an integral curb. The purpose of the curb was to control drainage of water from the pavement surface in areas where runoff took place at a very rapid rate. It is for this reason that curbing is found on pavements constructed during this period. The curbing led the water flowing on the pavement surface to drainage outlets; this helped reduce erosion along the edge of the slab. The curbs have satisfactorily performed the job for which they were intended. The advent of bigger and faster vehicles has created a demand for changes in the design of pavements. Current designs provide wider driving surfaces with reduced grades which can better accommodate the wider cars and trucks. By present day design standards the narrow highways are inadequate and are being replaced or improved. The normal improvement procedure is to widen to 24 feet by providing additional driving surface at each edge of the pavement. Curbing is removed from the pavement so that the surface of the widening can be placed at the same level as that of the slab.

Disability Rights Guide for Iowans, May 2015

Individuals with disabilities have civil rights protection similar to that provided to individuals on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and religion. The advent of the Americans with Disabilities Act has improved these protections and brought this issue into the forefront. This book is not intended to be a legal translation of state or federal laws. Its purpose is to assist people with disabilities in understanding their rights. Please consult the Code of Iowa, the appropriate federal laws or an attorney if you need a legal interpretation.

Vessel centerline tracking and boundary sgementation in coronary MRA with minimal manual interaction.

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides a noninvasive means to detect the presence, location and severity of atherosclerosis throughout the vascular system. In such studies, and especially those in the coronary arteries, the vessel luminal area is typically measured at multiple cross-sectional locations along the course of the artery. The advent of fast volumetric imaging techniques covering proximal to mid segments of coronary arteries necessitates automatic analysis tools requiring minimal manual interactions to robustly measure cross-sectional area along the three-dimensional track of the arteries in under-sampled and non-isotropic datasets. In this work, we present a modular approach based on level set methods to track the vessel centerline, segment the vessel boundaries, and measure transversal area using two user-selected endpoints in each coronary of interest. Arterial area and vessel length are measured using our method and compared to the standard Soap-Bubble reformatting and analysis tool in in-vivo non-contrast enhanced coronary MRA images.

A Middleware architecture for Unmanned Aircraft Avionics

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is a non-piloted airplane designed to operate in dangerous and repetitive situations. With the advent of UAV's civil applications, UAVs are emerging as a valid option in commercial scenarios. If it must be economically viable, the same platform should implement avariety of missions with little reconguration time and overhead.This paper presents a middleware-based architecture specially suited to operate as a exible payload and mission controller in a UAV. The system is composed of low-costcomputing devices connected by network. The functionality is divided into reusable services distributed over a number ofnodes with a middleware managing their lifecycle and communication.Some research has been done in this area; yetit is mainly focused on the control domain and in its realtime operation. Our proposal differs in that we address the implementation of adaptable and reconfigurable unmannedmissions in low-cost and low-resources hardware.

Smart antennas in software radio base stations

The application of adaptive antenna techniques to fixed-architecture base stations has been shown to offer wide-ranging benefits, including interference rejection capabilities or increased coverage and spectral efficiency.Unfortunately, the actual implementation ofthese techniques to mobile communication scenarios has traditionally been set back by two fundamental reasons. On one hand, the lack of flexibility of current transceiver architectures does not allow for the introduction of advanced add-on functionalities. On the other hand, theoften oversimplified models for the spatiotemporal characteristics of the radio communications channel generally give rise toperformance predictions that are, in practice, too optimistic. The advent of software radio architectures represents a big step toward theintroduction of advanced receive/transmitcapabilities. Thanks to their inherent flexibilityand robustness, software radio architecturesare the appropriate enabling technology for theimplementation of array processing techniques.Moreover, given the exponential progression ofcommunication standards in coexistence andtheir constant evolution, software reconfigurabilitywill probably soon become the only costefficientalternative for the transceiverupgrade. This article analyzes the requirementsfor the introduction of software radio techniquesand array processing architectures inmultistandard scenarios. It basically summarizesthe conclusions and results obtained withinthe ACTS project SUNBEAM,1 proposingalgorithms and analyzing the feasibility ofimplementation of innovative and softwarereconfigurablearray processing architectures inmultistandard settings.

Special commentary : a call for intensive metabolic support.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This special commentary addresses recent clinical reviews regarding appropriate nutrition and metabolic support in the critical care setting. RECENT FINDINGS: There are divergent approaches between North America and Europe for the use of early nutrition support and combined enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition support possibly due to the commercial availability of specific parenteral nutrients. The advent of intensive insulin therapy has changed the landscape of metabolic support in the intensive care unit, and previous notions about infective risk of parenteral nutrition will need to be re-addressed. Patients with brain failure may benefit from an intensive insulin therapy with a blood glucose target that is higher than that used in patients without brain failure. Patients with heart failure may benefit from the addition of nutritional pharmacology that targets proximate oxidative pathophysiological pathways. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition may be viewed as another form of supplemental parenteral nutrition when enteral nutrition is insufficient in patients on hemodialysis in the intensive care unit. SUMMARY: It is proposed that intensive metabolic support be routinely implemented in the intensive care unit based on the following steps: intensive insulin therapy with an appropriate blood glucose target, nutrition risk assessment, early and if needed combined enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition to target 20-25 kcal/kg/day and 1.2-1.5 g protein/kg/day, and nutritional and metabolic monitoring.

Infection and chronic allograft dysfunction.

With the advent of more potent immunosuppressive regimens, the incidence of acute rejection following renal transplantation has declined sharply in recent years. In spite of this, long-term graft outcomes remain suboptimal because of relentless attrition by cumulated insults to the allograft. As acute rejection rates have declined, other causes of graft injury and loss have recently emerged. Among these, infectious diseases remain a persistent threat and can be associated with allograft dysfunction. This group includes nephropathy due to polyoma (BK) virus infection, cytomegalovirus disease, and bacterial infection (the latter most commonly arising from the urinary tract). Rarer infectious causes of chronic allograft dysfunction include cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C, Epstein-Barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, and direct cytotoxicity from adenoviral infection or parvovirus B19.

Hacia la arquitectura de la información 3.0: pasado, presente y futuro

La arquitectura de la información (IA), aunque presente en cierta manera desde hace más de 50 años, ha tomado especial relevancia con la llegada de la Web y el aumento de la cantidad de información a nuestro alcance. La disciplina cuenta ya con unos pilares claros, que se fundamentan en los contenidos gestionados pero sobre todo en los usuarios, sin olvidar su contexto. También se identifica una serie de componentes a combinar a la hora de elaborar una IA y una metodología básica. Pero la cantidad de información a nuestro alcance no para de crecer, así que se continúa innovando en nuevas formas de organización, buscadores más eficaces o tecnologías de web semántica que permiten a los ordenadores encargarse de la parte menos creativa de enfrentarse a esa avalancha de información.

Thermal energy storage with phase change materials in building envelopes

Els materials de canvi de fase (PCM) han estat considerats per a l’emmagatzematge tèrmic en edificis des de 1980. Amb la inclusió dels PCM en plaques de guix, guix, formigó o altres materials que s’utilitzen per a cobrir les parets, l’emmagatzematge tèrmic pot ser part de les estructures fins i tot en edificis lleugers. Les noves tècniques de microencapsulació han obert moltes possibilitats en aplicacions per a edificis. El treball que es presenta és el desenvolupament d’un formigó innovador mesclat amb PCM microencapsulat, amb un punt de fusió de 26 oC i una entalpia de canvi de fase de 110 kJ/kg. El primer experiment va ser la inclusió del PCM microencapsulat dins del formigó i la construcció d’una caseta amb aquest nou formigó-PCM. Es va construir una segona caseta al costat de la primera amb les mateixes característiques i orientació però amb formigó convencional que serveix com a referència. Durant els anys 2005 i 2006 es va analitzar el comportament d’ambdues casetes i més tard es va edificar un mur Trombe a la paret sud de totes dues per investigar la seva influència durant la tardor i l’hivern.