Object-Based Customization of Learning Content: Potentials and Pitfalls

Specification consortia and standardization bodies concentrate on e-Learning objects to en-sure reusability of content. Learning objects may be collected in a library and used for deriv-ing course offerings that are customized to the needs of different learning communities. How-ever, customization of courses is possible only if the logical dependencies between the learn-ing objects are known. Metadata for describing object relationships have been proposed in several e-Learning specifications. This paper discusses the customization potential of e-Learning objects but also the pitfalls that exist if content is customized inappropriately.

Differential effect of elevated intralabyrinthine pressure on ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by air conducted sound and bone conducted vibration

Recently, ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) have emerged as a tool for assessment of utricular function. They are short-latency myogenic potentials which can be elicited in response to vestibular stimulation, e.g. by air-conducted sound (ACS) or bone-conducted vibration (BCV) (reviewed in (Kantner and Gurkov, 2012)). Otolithic afferent neurons trigger reflexive electromyographic activity of the extraocular muscles which can be recorded beneath the eye contralateral to the stimulated ear by use of surface electrodes.