Corner separation effects for normal shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions in rectangular channels

Experiments are conducted to examine the mechanisms behind the coupling between corner separation and separation away from the corner when holding a high-Machnumber M∞ = 1.5 normal shock in a rectangular channel. The ensuing shock wave interaction with the boundary layer on the wind tunnel floor and in the corners was studied using laser Doppler anemometry, Pitot probe traverses, pressure sensitive paint and flow visualization. The primary mechanism explaining the link between the corner separation size and the other areas of separation appears to be the generation of compression waves at the corner, which act to smear the adverse pressure gradient imposed upon other parts of the flow. Experimental results indicate that the alteration of the -region, which occurs in the supersonic portion of the shock wave/boundary layer interaction (SBLI), is more important than the generation of any blockage in the subsonic region downstream of the shock wave. © Copyright 2012 Cambridge University Press.

一类不可忽视的战略生物资源——淡水与海水中的病毒及其在生态系统中的作用

淡水和海水中存在的病毒被称为浮游病毒。它们是海洋和湖泊中最丰富的生物类群,是近年来才认识到的具有控制有害藻华(赤潮)、调节水生态系统结构、以纳米尺度驱动全球生物地球化学循环、特别是碳循环的一类不可忽视的战略生物资源。本文在综述淡水和海水病毒的多样性、感染类型、基因组分析、分布与丰度及其具有生物泵的生态学功能等研究进展的基础上,提出了研究对策和重点研究方向,认为建立进行淡水和海水病毒研究的技术平台与系统应成为我国争取该类生物战略资源的当务之急。

An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development

Firms and other organizations use Technology Roadmapping (TRM) extensively as a framework for supporting research and development of future technologies and products that could sustain a competitive advantage. While the importance of technology strategy has received more attention in recent years, few research studies have examined how roadmapping processes are used to explore the potential convergence of products and services that may be developed in the future. The aim of this paper is to introduce an integrated roadmapping process for services, devices and technologies capable of implementing a smart city development R&D project in Korea. The paper applies a QFD (Quality Function Deployment) method to establish interconnections between services and devices, and between devices and technologies. The method is illustrated by a detailed case study, which shows how different types of roadmap can be coordinated with each other to produce a clear representation of the technological changes and uncertainties associated with the strategic planning of complex innovations. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.