Hierarchal structure of the simplified Navier-Stokes equations (SNSE) and its mechanical connotation and application

The hierarchial structure and mathematical property of the simplified Navier-Stokesequations (SNSE) are studied for viscous flow over a sphere and a jet of compressible flu-id. All kinds of the hierarchial SNSE can be divided into three types according to theirmathematical property and also into five groups according to their physical content. Amultilayers structure model for viscous shear flow with a main stream direction is pre-sented. For the example of viscous incompressible flow over a flat plate there existthree layers for both the separated flow and the attached flow; the character of thetransition from the three layers of attached flow to those of separated flow is elucidated.A concept of transition layer being situated between the viscous layer and inviscidlayer is introduced. The transition layer features the interaction between viscous flow andinviscid flow. The inner-outer-layers-matched SNSE proposed by the present author inthe past is developed into the layers matched (LsM)-SNSE.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 156 A]

O Deputado Arnaldo Faria de Sá (PTB-SP) entrega projeto de decisão, que trata do mandato do Presidente Sarney, ao Presidente da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), Deputado Ulysses Guimarães (PMDB-SP). O Deputado Octávio Elísio (PMDB-MG) considera que, ao impor ao PFL e ao PMDB o mandato de cinco anos, o Presidente Sarney criou posição sobre a soberania da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte. O Deputado Plínio Arruda Sampaio (PT-SP) afirma que é juridicamente possível tratar como matéria destacada o projeto do constituinte Arnaldo Faria de Sá. O Deputado Asdrubal Bentes (PMDB-PA) apresenta medida que proíbe a reeleição e a ocupação de cargo público para todos os que atingirem os setenta anos de idade. Informações sobre a quantidade de artigos de textos constitucionais em outros países. O Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM) esclarece que a maioria dos países dispõe de Constituição com poucos artigos, sendo o restante tratado em Lei Ordinária. Análise da quantidade de artigos que tiveram as Constituições brasileiras: 179 artigos tinha a Constituição do Império; 91 artigos a da Primeira República; 187 artigos as Constituições de 1934 e de 1937; 218 artigos a de 1946; 217 artigos a de 1967. O projeto atual de Constituição, com 501 artigos, pode virar "um catálogo telefônico" na opinião de alguns políticos. O Deputado Adroaldo Streck (PDT-RS) afirma que há muita coisa no texto que é matéria de Lei Ordinária, não precisa entrar no texto constitucional. O Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM) defende que o texto da Constituição seja sintético, com no máximo 200 artigos.

三峡升船机系统动态响应分析

根据三峡升船机最新设计报告,采用有限元软件ANSYS构建了升船机系统有限元模型,包括承船厢、提升钢索、滑轮组、平衡重、厢内水体、驱动机构和刹车机构;通过数值模拟,对升船机系统进行了模态分析及动态响应研究,内容包括升船机系统的流固耦合模态及其在各种工况(起动、刹车、事故)下的动态响应和影响因素分析,如弹簧刚度、误载水深、阻尼、承船厢的位置等.计算结果表明:对于升船机这样一个复杂系统,该文所建立的有限元模型及数值算法是合理的,其结果可为升船机系统整体设计提供必要的参考.

直接统计模拟位置元方法中的分子表面反射确定论判据

发展的分子表面反射判据，使判断分子是否与某一表面无相撞问题得到了有效的解决。此外，还讨论了分子空间位置坐标的记录方法、分子碰撞对的极限距离、网格自适应等实际模拟技术。与圆球自由分子流准确解和过渡领域贴体网格DSMC模拟结果的比较，证明了上述判据和技术和有效性。

激光加工系统平面方程生成与误差分析补偿

研究了在三维曲面工件上进行激光加工时平面坐标及方程的生成方法、所生成的平面方程与曲面方程之间的误差及其补偿措施。平面生成方法有算术平均法、加权平均法和人工智能神经网络法，后2种方法计算精度高而被采用。

Una aplicación sobre el comportamiento de los costos a la industria española

La investigación contable más reciente defiende el comportamiento “pegadizo” de los costos, es decir su reacción no proporcional ante variaciones en el nivel de actividad. El presente estudio replica el modelo de Anderson, Banker y Janakiraman (2003) sobre una muestra de empresas españolas (sector industrial del mueble y sector de hostelería y restauración)y comprueba que los costos aumentan un 0,92% cuando las ventas lo hacen en un 1%, y disminuyen un 0,82% ante un declinamiento del 1% de las ventas. Se comprueba así que su magnitud está en línea con la hipótesis de la teoría de los costos pegadizos. Además, se demuestra la idoneidad del modelo en su aplicación a diferentes muestras de empresas, independientemente del sector de actividad de pertenencia.

Fuentes de información en internet en el área de economía y empresa

Hoy en día la información sufre una evolución y transformación constantes, y para cualquier análisis o estudio hay que tener muy en cuenta las fuentes de información existentes en internet. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer un recorrido por la red centrando el interés en la selección de fuentes de información económica y empresarial. A la hora de seleccionar las fuentes electrónicas disponibles hay que tener en cuenta la diversa tipología documental existente: publicaciones periódicas, monografías, workingpapers, tesis, informes, actas de congresos, normas, patentes, etc.

Coleção das Leis da República Federativa do Brasil de 1995

Volume 187 n. 1

板壳断裂力学

本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值；介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。

目录

Adiabatic shear localization: occurrence, theories, and applications

燃烧物理学基础

Abundance and distribution patters of Hawaiian odontocetes: focus on O'ahu

This dissertation is an assessment of the status of odontocetes in Hawaiian waters focussing on O´ahu. The work builds on available literature, and on data collected by the author and by others in Hawaiian waters. Abundance and distribution patterns of odontocetes were derived from stranding and aerial survey data. A stranding network operated by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Area Office collected 187 stranding reports throughout the main Hawaiian Islands between 1937 and 2002. These reports included 16 odontocete species. Number of stranding reports increased over time and was highest on O´ahu. Strandings occurred throughout the year. The difference in number of strandings per month was not significant. Fifteen of the 16 species reported in the stranding record for the main Hawaiian Islands were also reported by aerial survey studies of the area between 1993 and 1998. Only 7 of the species reported were detected during aerial transects around O′ahu between 1998 and 2000. Based on the stranding record, Kogia sp., melon-headed whales, striped dolphins and dwarf killer whale appear to be more common than suggested by aerial surveys. Conversely, pilot whales and bottlenose dolphins were more common, according to aerial surveys, than predicted by the stranding data. Aerial surveys of waters between 0 and 500m around the Island of O′ahu showed that the most abundant species by frequency of occurrence was the pilot whale (30% of sightings), followed by the spinner (16%) and bottlenose dolphin (14%). Because of small sample size, abundance estimates for odontocetes have a high level of uncertainty. The unavailability of a correction factor for g(0)<1, and the reduced visibility below the aircraft further reduced accuracy and increased the inherent underestimation in the data. The most abundant species according to distance sampling estimates were spotted dolphins, pilot whales, false killer whales and spinner dolphins. A natural factor shaping the ecology of odontocete populations is predation pressure both by other odontocetes and, more frequently, by sharks. An account of predation by a tiger shark on a spotted dolphin near Penguin Banks is used as an example of the potential mechanisms of predation by sharks on odontocetes.

Basque nominalizations and the role of structural Case in the licensing of null arguments

[EN] This article investigates the question of the licensing of null arguments in the so-called pro-drop languages. By focusing on the licensing of null subjects in the different types of -T(Z)E nominalizations in Basque, it aims at defining in a precise way the crucial feature that makes pro-drop possible in a clause. The central claim is that what licenses subject-drop is the assignment of structural Case. That is, it is argued that a subject can be null if and only if it is assigned structural Case. Different aspects of T(Z)E nominalizations are also explored, which show that even if these clauses are similar in the surface, they can be syntactically very different and furthermore, that infinitive clauses marked with the same nominalizing morpheme can also have diverging structures.