Das Judentum u. die Kritik : ein Sendschreiben an Herrn Dr. F.W. Ghillani

A. Adler

A 170 year spring phenology index of plants in eastern China

Extending phenological records into the past is essential for the understanding of past ecological change and evaluating the effects of climate change on ecosystems. A growing body of historical phenological information is now available for Europe, North America, and Asia. In East Asia, long-term phenological series are still relatively scarce. This study extracted plant phenological observations from old diaries in the period 1834–1962. A spring phenology index (SPI) for the modern period (1963–2009) was defined as the mean flowering time of three shrubs (first flowering of Amygdalus davidiana and Cercis chinensis, 50% of full flowering of Paeonia suffruticosa) according to the data availability. Applying calibrated transfer functions from the modern period to the historical data, we reconstructed a continuous SPI time series across eastern China from 1834 to 2009. In the recent 30 years, the SPI is 2.1–6.3 days earlier than during any other consecutive 30 year period before 1970. A moving linear trend analysis shows that the advancing trend of SPI over the past three decades reaches upward of 4.1 d/decade, which exceeds all previously observed trends in the past 30 year period. In addition, the SPI series correlates significantly with spring (February to April) temperatures in the study area, with an increase in spring temperature of 1°C inducing an earlier SPI by 3.1 days. These shifts of SPI provide important information regarding regional vegetation-climate relationships, and they are helpful to assess long term of climate change impacts on biophysical systems and biodiversity.

Des k. k. Prof. Rohling neueste Fälschungen

von J. S. Bloch

Chinuch libne mizvah oder: Stunden der Weihe für israelitische Confirmanden : in einer Reihe von Betrachtungen über die wesentlichsten Punkte der mosaischen Lehre

von M. Creizenach ; nebst e. Anh. jüdischer Gedichte von Theodor Creizenach

Ibri anoki oder Katechismus der Unterscheidungslehren des Juden- und Christenthums für den Confirmanden-Unterricht, wie zur Privatlektüre, zu Prämien und Gelegenheitsgeschenken

von Emanuel Hecht

Die Konfirmation der Israeliten nebst Prüfung und Glaubensbekenntniß der Konfirmanden, oder: das Judenthum in seiner Grundlage : zunächst f. öffentl. u. Privaterzieher, Konfirmanden u. Familien, dann für jeden, der sich belehren ... will

von Hermann Stern

Confirmanden-Unterricht für Israeliten, zunächst für die Schulen des Rabbinatsbezirks Landau

von Elias Grünebaum

Religions-Vortrag meine Confirmanden bei der Confirmationsfeier

von L. Lewysohn

Eben boḥan : über die israelitische öffentliche Religions-Prüfung oder Confirmation : eine Schrift für israelitische Eltern ...

von M. Büdinger

High Resolution Transmission Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic for Jovian Exoplanet Atmospheres: Constraints from Theoretical Models

We present high resolution transmission spectra of giant planet atmospheres from a coupled 3-D atmospheric dynamics and transmission spectrum model that includes Doppler shifts which arise from winds and planetary motion. We model jovian planets covering more than two orders of magnitude in incident flux, corresponding to planets with 0.9 to 55 day orbital periods around solar-type stars. The results of our 3-D dynamical models reveal certain aspects of high resolution transmission spectra that are not present in simple 1-D models. We find that the hottest planets experience strong substellar to anti-stellar (SSAS) winds, resulting in transmission spectra with net blue shifts of up to 3 km s−1, whereas less irradiated planets show almost no net Doppler shifts. Compared to 1-D models, peak line strengths are significantly reduced for the hottest atmospheres owing to Doppler broadening from a combination of rotation (which is faster for close-in planets under the assumption of tidal locking) and atmospheric winds. Finally, high resolution transmission spectra may be useful in studying the atmospheres of exoplanets with optically thick clouds since line cores for very strong transitions should remain optically thick to very high altitude. High resolution transmission spectra are an excellent observational test for the validity of 3-D atmospheric dynamics models, because they provide a direct probe of wind structures and heat circulation. Ground-based exoplanet spectroscopy is currently on the verge of being able to verify some of our modeling predictions, most notably the dependence of SSAS winds on insolation. We caution that interpretation of high resolution transmission spectra based on 1-D atmospheric models may be inadequate, as 3-D atmospheric motions can produce a noticeable effect on the absorption signatures.

Leitfaden für den israelitischen Confirmanden-Unterricht

von S. Süskind

Tora umizwa (Lehre und Gebot) : Israelitisches Religionsbuch, zunächst f. Confirmanden, dann f. gereiftere Schüler überhaupt, sowie f. jeden Israeliten, welcher sich über seine Religion unterrichten will

zusgest. mit e. einleitenden Religionsgeschichte u. zahlr. Anm. vers. von Leopold Stein

Tora umizwa (Lehre und Gebot) : Israelitisches Religionsbuch, zunächst f. Confirmanden, dann f. gereiftere Schüler überhaupt

von Leopold Stein

Pflichten des Bar Mizwa : eine Handreiche für den israelitischen Konfirmanden in katechetischer Form

von Leopold Katz