Entre o mar e estrela, um lugar para se bem viver : a problemática da expansão urbana da Cidade de Baía Formosa/RN

The urban expansion problem of Baía Formosa, a southern edge city of de Rio Grande do Norte eastern coast, which has been presented in other coast Brazilian towns, specially on those with tourist activities increase. Therefore, this situation brings huge concerns to their inhabitants, to their technical /scientific community and to the governments, because of the conflicts of interest and of the growth of urban problems that this has been created. At Baía Formosa, the situation is aggravated because the city is confined, once around it, there are large private proprieties, environmental preservation area and the sea, at the eastern edge. The objectives of this study are the analyses of this city expansion process in order to obtain adequate alternatives and defining methodology to apply in other urban nucleus that are subjected to similar situations. Of course, presents social relations, environmental conditions and promoting local population insertion should be considered in order that enjoin this process and contributing to a better social balance. This case study has used bibliography research, field data, maps and soil occupation recorders and photographs of the area, besides the primary data gathering by surveys carried out with many social actors. The present analysis shows that the urban expansion observed today is featured by a recent unsustainable model, which attacks the environment and brings either farm conflicts. On the other hand, the ecological tourism can represent an alternative in order to achieve an adequate expansion form, without forgetting the several structural parameters necessary to support the sustainable activities

Depois das fronteiras: a formação dos espaços de pobreza na periferia norte de Natal-RN

The periphery of the city of Natal was built during the last 20 years, trough informal land developments. This dissertation analyses the urbanization of Natal`s North Zone, the largest residential area in the city where 40% of the population lives. This urban space is characterized as a space of poverty because of its majority of low income dwellers as well as lack of infrastructure. The main objective here is to identify and characterize this space as well as resulting segregation. Variables as income, space morphology, residential typology and the history of real estate development as well as dweller`s history of life are analysed

Geografia da dominação: um estudo sobre a organização espacial da terra do sal (Macau-RN)

This work aims to understand the spatial organization in the Town of Macau, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This approach focus on bringing back the history of the town, the main personages responsible for the construction of this place, denominated "social agents", as well as its social processes and the spatial forms derived from them. As the personages and their practices were identified, it was found out the existence of a driving force for structuring, interlocking, and maintaining the actions carried out by the social agents during the time. Such actions were materialized in the urban space: "the social segregation". The social segregation takes place as a specific geography of domination. The outcome of those owning the best areas" and ways of accessibility in the urban space, varies from the enrichment by property valorization, because of the concentration of public investments of infrastructure, to the comfort of easily reaching all the daily needs related to the displacements in the urban space. In the latter case, such facility has contributed to improve life quality. While one takes advantage of the location in the urban space, others are negatively affected by the same process. This research identified the salina worker as the weakest element of this social structure, occupying the urban periphery of the town of Macau. Such area is characterized by the lack of services and urban equipment in opposition to the center of the town, the locus of elite. This way, it is established the most known segregation pattern: center x periphery, in which the space acts as a mechanism of segregation

Acessibilidade no ambiente escolar: reflexões com base no estudo de duas escolas municipais de Natal-RN

This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

O processo de urbanização de Mossorò: dos processos históricos à estrutura urbana atual

The general objective of this academic work is to analyze the relationship between the territorial division and the urban expansion process of Mossoró city, understood here as the production and occupation of space. The urban expansion in Mossoró, since its formation as settlement in 1772 until current days, identifies with the Brazilian urbanization process whose growth is determined by the capitalist development. Thus, the expansion was determined by several economical specializations imposed by the territorial division of work which occurs at an interregional level, and, sometimes at an international level. Then, each specialization determined a moment of the urban expansion of the city, as follows: a) The cattle farmer specialization, between 1772 and 1857, when the urban expansion was shy, is summarized to a commercial square that received goods from Aracati aiming to cover a wide rural area; b) The commercial emporium specialization, between 1857 and 1930, when the urban expansion took an important impulse with the concentration of public and private capitals; c) The salt industry and the agricultural-industrial exporter specialization inside a state of development policy, between 1930 and 1970, when the urban expansion, joined to the settlement of the working class in the urban soil, developed along an important axis -the railway; d) The render of services specialization inside a state of intervention policy, between 1970 and 1990, when the urban expansion was characterized by the accelerated growth rhythm, by the reuse of some spaces, and by space segregation of demanding people; e) The render of services policy inside a neoliberal state policy, since 1990 until current days, when the urban expansion reduced its rhythm abruptly, when only small alterations occurred in the existing spaces. It focused on social policies and on several slums eradication programs. Finally, the territorial structure is deeply articulated with others, no territorial, but economical, social and political, which happens at a national, regional and local rate. Only within a historical and conceptual panorama, it was possible to explain the urban expansion in Mossoró from its formation in 1772 until current days. Therefore, this work is a several discipline analysis of the urbanization process existing in Mossoró

Padrões de organização das assembleias de aves florestais em uma paisagem fragmentada de Floresta Atlântica

Brazil is home to one of the richest avifaunas the world, which is subject to high levels of environmental degradation, in particular forest fragmentation. The Atlantic Forest biome depicts this history of devastation and today remains as small isolated fragments on highly degraded landscapes. This project aimed to evaluate the effects of forest fragmentation in an area with Atlantic Forest remnants in northern Paraná (Brazil) on the distribution and the organization of assemblage of forest birds and tested the hypothesis that the structure of the assembly in the fragments is different than expected by chance. We did four qualitative samplings of birds in three sets of forest fragments in the landscape, each with three fragments: large, medium and small. The method applied in the sampling was point counts along transects, traveled randomly for four hours in each fragment. Samples were taken in two periods: from September to November / 2013, and between March and May / 2014. The structure of the meeting was assessed by rates of co-occurring species (Checkerboard and CScore) and α diversity patterns (wealth) and β (turnover of species), while the landscape structure was analyzed from the parameters: area, distance between fragments, fractal dimension, edge density, fragment shape index and nuclear area index. The null hypothesis of no structure in the assembly of birds in the landscape was tested with null models from the co-occurrence indexes. The effects of landscape structure on the assembly of the structure were analyzed by the Mantel test and principal component analysis (PCA). The assembly of the structure in the landscape showed a pattern of spatiotemporal organization significantly different from that expected by chance, revealing a structure most influenced by segregation of the species. The fragments showed significant differences in richness, unlike sets of fragments, indicating relative homogeneity in the landscape structure. The differences between the size and the distance between the fragments significantly influenced the patterns of organization of the meeting of forest birds in the landscape and patterns of α and β diversity, indicating that the higher the fragment and smaller distances between them, more the standard of species cooccurrence is different than expected by chance. Thus, the fragmented landscape of remnants of the northern Paraná Atlantic Forest still has availability of environmental resources and physical characteristics that allow a persistent organizational structure of the assembly of forest birds in space over time.

Projeto raia de fogo: aspectos populacionais da raia de fogo (Dasyatis marianae Gomes, Rosa & Gadig, 2000) e pesca de elasmobrânquios no complexo recifal do Parracho de Maracajaú

The species Dasyatis marianae inhabits coastal areas associated with coral reefs, considered endemic to the northeast of Brazil, occurring from the State of Maranhão to the south of Bahia. Specimens of this species are commonly sighted by divers and fishermen in the area of Maracajaú reefs, a complex reef that is part of the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (EPACR), which was developed in this study about the ecology and biology of the D. marianae, in order to characterize aspects of population structure in the area of the reef complex of Parracho de Maracajaú. We analyzed 120 specimens caught by artisanal fishing site of the size, weight, sex, stage of maturity and stomach contents. Most subjects were adult males (1.7:1) and was more abundant for rays with lengths between 25 and 29cm of LD, where females reach larger sizes, a feature common to other rays. The largest specimens were captured in the area of seagrass, which is preferred for the species. The distribution of species in the area showed an ontogenetic and sexual segregation, where the youthful occur near the beach, which is a likely area for nursery and growth of the adult females prevail in the seagrass, which apparently has a high prey availability, and Adult males are more distant, a higher proportion occurring in outlying areas, suggesting a habit more exploratory than the females. The evaluation of the reproductive system indicated 3 reproductive cycles per year, one young per pregnancy, and showed that the mature males were smaller than females. The cubs of D. marianae size at birth 12 to 15cm LD. As for diet, the species was characterized as carnivorous crustacean specialist. The performance of visual censuses in different localities allowed to evaluate the density of D. marianae in different environments of the complex. The species occurs in greater numbers in seagrass, environment very important for the conservation of the species. 100 individuals of D. marianae marked in reef complex area enrolled in a recapture rate of 3%. Some behavioral aspects were evaluated, as diurnal pattern of activity, interaction with cleaning and fish Pomacanthus paru followers as Lutjanus analis and Carangoides bartholomaei. Overall, much of the information obtained should be used for management of the species

Estructura y distribución de la íctiofauna de la subcuenca del río Acahuapa, San Vicente, El Salvador

Los ecosistemas fluviales brindan al ser humano importantes bienes ambientales como el abastecimiento de agua para consumo, producción de alimento, generación de energía hidroeléctrica, navegación, recreación y pesca. Así mismo proveen importantes servicios ecosistémicos al regular el clima y los gases del efecto invernadero a través del ciclo hidrológico y el ciclaje de nutrientes (Welcomme 1992). Los peces constituyen uno de los taxones más importantes dentro de los ecosistemas fluviales, además de constituir la mayor cantidad de biomasa animal, desempeñan papeles ecológicos relevantes en el flujo energético de la cadena trófica. Es por ello que en los últimos años ha surgido mayor interés por estudiar a este grupo, lo que ha permitido tener mayor comprensión de su historia natural, sus interacciones y relaciones con los factores ambientales (Miller 2009). La estructura y distribución de la íctiofauna del río Acahuapa fue analizada en 17 sitios dentro del cauce principal y en ríos afluentes. Los muestreos se realizaron en junio, agosto, noviembre del 2011 y febrero y abril del 2012. Se capturó 6,742 individuos distribuidos en 8 órdenes, 13 familias y 32 especies. El 47% de las especies son secundarios, 41% periféricas y 12% primarias. Según clasificación por presencia se obtuvo el 59% de las especies como migratoria, 31% como estacionales y 10% como residentes. Se compararon tallas de 10 especies con mayor abundancia y dominancia por sitios de muestreo donde se observó diferencias significativas de Agonostomus monticola, Astyanax aeneus, Poecilia gillii, Poecilia salvatoris, Rhamdia guatemalensis, Rhamdia laticauda y Sicydium multipunctatum por estratificación de altura. En el caso de A. monticola y S. multipunctatum se observó diferencia de tallas que responde a comportamientos migratorios dentro de la subcuenca.

Sustentabilidad de la cañicultura en el NO Argentino : análisis de las dinámicas del agua y la energía

La caña de azúcar es un importante movilizador de la economía del NO argentino. Su cultivo presenta elevados requerimientos hídricos con potenciales impactos ambientales. La crisis energética incrementa la demanda de biocombustibles derivados del azúcar, con posibles aumentos del área cultivada y de sus impactos. Los antecedentes sobre el uso del agua y de la radiación en caña de azúcar involucran el efecto de unos pocos factores y son localmente escasos. El objetivo de esta tesis fue estudiar los controles de la transpiración y de la eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) y de la radiación (EUR) en los agroecosistemas de caña de azúcar del NO argentino, e inferir sobre la sustentabilidad ecológica y productiva. Para ello, ambas eficiencias se calcularon como el cociente entre el rendimiento de caña y la cantidad de recursos (agua o radiación) insumidos. El consumo de agua se estimó con el modelo propuesto por la FAO complementado con información satelital (índice verde normalizado, IVN). La radiación absorbida se estimó a partir de su relación con el IVN. Ambas EUA y EUR presentaron una variabilidad que abarcó todo el rango citado en la bibliografía internacional. El genotipo y la edad del cañaveral fueron los factores con mayor influencia sobre dichas eficiencias. Los requerimientos hídricos estimados superaron hasta en un 100 por ciento a los de los de los ecosistemas prístinos (yungas)y a la precipitación, y representaron una pérdida de energía superficial de hasta 72,6 W m-2 (74,3 por ciento de la radiación de onda corta incidente). Los potenciales impactos identificados dependen de las estrategias de manejo, e incluyen: desequilibrios de la red trófica asociados al flujo de energía, alteraciones de los ríos (reducción del caudal, inundaciones luego de eventos lluviosos y contaminación), modificaciones cuali/cuantitativas de las napas, enfriamiento superficial, exportación regional de vapor de agua, entre otros. Los resultados de esta tesis permiten guiar el manejo del cultivo, minimizando la ocurrencia de dichos impactos.

Pie diabético en joven trabajador

El pie diabético viene determinado por la neuropatía que se produce en el paciente con diabetes y el traumatismo sobre el pie con la microangiopatía propia de la diabetes asociada o no a la macroangiopatía. Presentamos un paciente joven con mal control de la glucemia y de la lesión trófica que pudo conservar la funcionalidad de la extremidad con un tratamiento adecuado.

A escolarização das crianças de etnia cigana – domínio cognitivo: práticas e representações

Pretendemos, com este estudo, analisar o modo como a escolarização das crianças de etnia cigana e o seu desenvolvimento cognitivo são afetados, entre outros, pelo desfavorecimento sociocultural de que são alvo, justificar a resistência destes alunos a todo o tipo de aprendizagens formais e apurar acerca das representações sociais que envolvem estas comunidades. A escolarização desta minoria, cuja dificuldade é diretamente proporcional ao grau de etnicidade do grupo em estudo, tem vindo a gerar uma crescente preocupação por parte dos vários governos, do que resultou, recentemente, um pedido dos Estados-Membros, à União Europeia, para que elaborasse um Plano Estratégico de Integração das Comunidades Ciganas, onde a Educação é um dos eixos de intervenção. Sendo o professor um elemento primordial no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, cabe-lhe a ele e à instituição onde presta funções, enquanto responsáveis por garantir um ensino de equidade e qualidade, aberto à multi e à interculturalidade, recorrer às práticas pedagógicas e às medidas mais adequadas com vista à estimulação das capacidades cognitivas destes alunos e à efetiva inclusão da diversidade na comunidade escolar. Dos resultados obtidos, as representações da classe docente, face a esta franja social, estão ainda muito marcadas pelo preconceito, pelo estereótipo e pela segregação, embora as responsabilidades sejam bilaterais. Como acontece com qualquer aluno, para que se atinja sucesso na escolarização, torna-se premente uma maior sensibilização das famílias para a utilidade das aprendizagens e uma consequente coresponsabilização pelo percurso dos seus educandos. Surge ainda a questão da legitimidade de avaliar o perfil cognitivo destes alunos, tão específicos do ponto de vista da sua identidade histórica e cultural, pelos mesmos parâmetros dos alunos da sociedade maioritária. Paralelamente, extra escola, há todo um trabalho de concertação ao nível da integração social desta minoria que, quando bem conseguido, se refletirá em termos educativos mas que exige a articulação e o esforço conjunto de várias instâncias, nem sempre dispostas a investir nestas comunidades.

Perceção dos professores do ensino regular face à inclusão e ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos com dificuldades intelectuais e desenvolvimentais (DID)

Atualmente movimentamo-nos no paradigma da inclusão escolar, um novo modelo de educação que se constituiu a partir do abandono de princípios e práticas educativas que apontavam para a exclusão e segregação. Essa mudança de paradigma traduziu-se na defesa duma escola regular inclusiva que se pretende responda, de forma eficaz e com qualidade, a todas as necessidades dos nossos alunos, incluindo os que têm Dificuldades Intelectuais e Desenvolvimentais (DID). A questão que se coloca é a de saber se, efetivamente, estamos a trilhar o caminho com a bússola da inclusão ou se andamos perdidos e desorientados sem encontrar a saída que nos conduza a uma escola e a uma educação verdadeiramente inclusiva que, para além de ser frequentada por todas as crianças seja, também, para todas as crianças. Pretende-se, assim, conhecer a realidade escolar e os obstáculos que na prática dificultam ou inviabilizam, de certa forma, o direito que estas crianças e jovens têm a um ensino de qualidade, que facilite a sua aprendizagem e que vá ao encontro das suas verdadeiras necessidades. No fundo, pretende-se averiguar se o processo de ensino-aprendizagem destes alunos é bem conseguido nas classes regulares, para que se possa afirmar que estamos numa escola inclusiva onde se pratica uma educação inclusiva. O nosso estudo procurou investigar a visão dos professores do ensino regular, 2º e 3ºciclos do ensino básico e ensino secundário, sobre a inclusão nas turmas de alunos com DID. Os resultados obtidos levaram-nos a aceitar que, embora, no geral, não haja diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos, os professores do 2º e 3ºciclos manifestam uma perceção mais positiva, face à inclusão e ao processo de ensino aprendizagem destes alunos, do que os professores do secundário.

Técnicas construtivas de túneis de travessia

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Os limites da gentrificação na vila planalto

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2015.

Análise biogeográfica da dieta de um predador de topo ao longo da região Paleártica

Existem vários estudos sobre a dieta de predadores de topo a uma escala local, mas o estudo da dieta de uma espécie ao longo de diferentes regiões geográficas poderá permitir a deteção de certos padrões e variações ecológicas. Para estudar a variação biogeográfica da dieta do bufo-real (Bubo bubo) ao longo do Paleártico criou-se uma base de dados baseada em 192 estudos. Pretendia-se analisar padrões em macro-escala de descritores da dieta e avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições ambientais, de descritores da paisagem e da disponibilidade de presas. Registaram-se 346813 presas de 698 espécies distintas. As principais presas são os lagomorfos e os roedores, enquanto que as aves constituem importantes presas alternativas. Temperaturas mais elevadas favorecem a diversidade trófica, mas esta diminui com a latitude e a longitude. Os resultados revelam a natureza oportunista do bufo-real e a sua elevada adaptabilidade trófica a diferentes habitats e condições ambientais; Biogeographic analysis of a top predator's diet across the Paleartic Region Summary: There are several studies about top predators' diet at a local scale, but studying a species diet across different geographic regions may allow the detection of certain patterns and variations which might influence its ecological features. We created a database of 192 papers to study the diet of the Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) across the Palearctic region. We analysed large scale biogeographical patterns of diet descriptors in relation to different environmental conditions, including climate, landscape and prey availability. We recorded 346816 preys from 698 different species. The main prey groups are lagomorphs and rodents, whereas birds represent important alternative prey. Higher temperatures favour a higher trophic diversity, which in turn decreases at lower latitudes and longitudes. The results reveal the opportunistic nature of the Eurasian Eagle Owl and its high trophic adaptability to different habitats and environments.